原始化学问题的内涵与价值

在化学教育中落实化学学科核心素养,是我国当前化学教育教学改革的现实问题。与传统习题不同的是,原始化学问题关注学生在解决“复杂的、不确定的现实问题”时的综合品质,是一种能够考查学生高水平化学学科核心素养的新型问题。对原始化学问题的内涵进行深入解读,厘清原始化学问题与化学习题的关系,发掘原始化学问题的教育价值,有助于落实化学学科核心素养,促进学生系统思维的发展,引导化学教育评价理念的变革。     

2008年加拿大国家化学周实验活动简介与启示

简要介绍了加拿大国家化学周的发展历程和2008年加拿大国家化学周的实验情况,针对加拿大国家化学周的活动模式与我国的科技周活动模式进行了简单的比较;同时分析了加拿大国家对中小学化学实验的层次划分,并在这方面与我国作了比较。从中对我国化学教育得出几点启示：着眼于提高学生对化学实验的兴趣;逐步培养学生的创新能力和动手能力;关注学生的化学基础知识提前教育;普及国民的化学基础知识教育。     

科技创新添华彩 居里风范传后人——记著名放射化学家杨承宗教授

杨承宗教授是我国放射化学的奠基人。他早年在法国巴黎大学居里镭学研究所师从约里奥.居里研究放射化学。1951年获得博士学位后,他婉谢高薪聘请,毅然回国,以期早日报效祖国。建国初期,在十分困难的条件下,他领导开展了放射化学基础研究和应用研究。杨承宗在我国核能事业发展中最为突出的贡献是组织并领导了用于核试验的燃料铀的制备和培育了我国新一代放射化学工作者。他是一位德高望重成绩卓著的科学家和教育家。本文是他科研和教学生涯的简要记述,将给我们以教育和启迪。     

中等化学教学类3种期刊化学教学评价改革文献统计分析

以《化学教育》、《化学教学》、《中学化学教学参考》3种化学教育类期刊为研究对象,对有关化学教学评价改革的文献进行统计,从计量学角度出发,对文献数量、内容、作者单位、作者所在区域以及作者合作情况等方面进行统计分析,试图为我国化学教学评价研究提供某一角度的参考。     

化学教育研究:基本特征与方法设计

在综述相关国际文献的基础上,通过对化学教育研究与化学研究、一般教育研究、其他化学教育活动的辨析,讨论了化学教育研究的特征、化学教育研究者的专业要求以及化学教育研究设计在理论基础、研究问题和研究方法等方面所应遵循的基本规范,以期提高对化学教育研究的认识,提升我国化学教育研究的科学化水平,促进化学教育研究领域的发展。     

继承转型发展——2008年全国化学学科教育转型研究学术论坛综述

全国化学学科教育转型研究学术论坛涉及新时期高师化学学科教育的定位、化学教学论课程与教学范式的转型、化学教育研究的领域与方法的转型等方面的内容,本文对此予以综述,并对未来我国化学学科教育研究的方向进行了讨论。     

安全教育,化学教育中必须强调的重要内容

基于对频发的高校火灾的反思及化学学科的特点,阐述了在化学教育中进行安全教育的必要性与特殊性;并结合化学实验教学的现状分析,对化学教育中如何开展安全教育进行了探讨.     

化学,别把文科学生拒之门外——开设《现代人与化学》课程之探索

对文科学生进行体现化学知识应用的化学素养教育,普及化学知识,使之适应２１世纪对人才素质的要求已迫在眉睫。本文借鉴美国化学课程改革的经验,结合我国为非理科专业大学生开设化学选修课的初步尝试,推出在内容和体系上具有很大改革力度和鲜明特点的化学素养课程－《现代人与化学》。     

徐光宪院士简介

徐光宪院士，1920年出生于浙江绍兴。上海交通大学本科毕业，美国哥伦比亚大学博士，中国科学院资深院士。北京大学教授，名的化学家和教育家，我国理论化学和稀土化学的奠基人之一。自1946年在上海交通大学化学系任教以来，至2005年，已从教60年。在60年的科研生涯中，他在稀土化学研究方面取得了突出成就，使我国的稀土分离技术和产业化水平跃居世界首位。     

三种中等化学教育类期刊信息技术应用研究论文统计与分析

以《化学教育》、《化学教学》、《中学化学教学参考》3种中等化学教育教学类期刊为研究对象,对有关信息技术应用的论文进行统计。从计量学角度出发,对论文的数量、内容、作者单位、作者所在区域以及作者合作情况等方面进行统计分析,以期为我国信息技术与化学课程整合研究提供一个视角方面的参考。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

The chemical transport of molybdenum and tungsten and of their dioxides and sulfides

Experiments have been made and an extensive thermodynamic discussion has taken place concerning the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoO₂, WO₂, MoS₂ and WS₂ in the presence of iodine. Efforts have been made to find the species via which Mo and W can migrate within the gas phase.Results: In each case the transport proceeds via the oxide iodides MoO₂J₂ and WO₂J₂ respectively, as already known for the dioxides. Thus the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoS₂ and WS₂ needs not only J₂ but also H₂O, usually liberated from the wall of the quartz ampoule.By means of J₂ + H₂O, the metals can be transported into the high temperature region of the ampoule (e.g., 1050 → 1150°C), whereas the transport of the sulfides proceeds in the opposite direction (e.g., 900 → 700°C).For the sulfide-transport the influence of the ratio of the transport agents $\text{J}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ has been discussed.The water content of the quartz glass out of which the ampoules are made is an important source for water, influencing the reactions.The addition of graphite which considerably lowers the H₂O partial pressure prevents any transport of the metals or the sulfides, which proves that the use of J₂ alone as a transport agent is insufficient in these cases.The gaseous iodides MoJ_x and WJ_z are without any importance under the experimental conditions used for the transport of the metals, their dioxides and sulfides.The partial pressures of MoO₂(OH)₂ and WO₂(OH)₂ under the experimental conditions chosen may usually be neglected. But in the system $\text{MoO}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ the transport via MoO₂(OH)₂ (1000 → 800°C) has been observed.The synthesis of MoO₂ and WO₂, starting with the elements or with powder of metal and trioxide is promoted by the addition of J₂. The reaction steps involved are discussed.