亚甲基蓝法测试钻井液中膨润土含量实验的改革及实施成效

针对"油田化学基础实验"课程中亚甲基蓝法测试钻井液中膨润土含量实验测试结果的偏差,通过影响因素分析和测试条件优化,改进了亚甲基蓝法测试钻井液膨润土含量实验。并将改进后的方法应用到基础实验教学、开放实验和科学研究中,在石油工程专业大学生动手能力、创新能力、求真精神、工程意识培养及辅助科学研究和指导现场施工等方面取得了成效。     

科研项目式实验教学设计:废弃口罩变防伪标识荧光碳点

将废弃口罩转化成高价值的防伪加密荧光碳点材料科研项目设计转化为本科实验。该实验交叉化学、材料和环境多学科知识,融合新颖性、创造性和实用性,提供了一种环保策略,而且揭示了碳点的组织结构、表面化学态、电子跃迁及光学性能知识。通过该实验,可以培养学生基于电子-分子-纳米尺度的材料化学视角分析解决问题的能力,提升学生对理论知识的理解力、实验操作的执行力、团队协作的连接力和科学素养的创造力。     

废弃植物油酯交换制备生物柴油

培养学生的绿色环保意识和可持续发展意识是应用化学专业本科人才培养方案的基本要求之一。目前实验教学中培养学生绿色环保和可持续发展意识的实验项目较少,针对这一问题,在综合化学实验中增加本新创实验项目。实验以废弃菜籽油和甲醇为原料,氢氧化钠和氯化胆碱为催化剂,生成的副产物甘油与氯化胆碱原位形成低共熔体系,与产品形成液-液两相,促使反应正向进行,简化后处理,提高产品纯度和产率。GC-MS (Gas chromatographymassspectrometer)结果表明,产品纯度大于99%,产率接近85%。分离出的低共熔体系可循环使用。燃烧热测试表明其热值与矿物柴油相当。实验使用的原料安全低毒,涉及基础有机化学实验、物理化学燃烧热测定、分析化学等多门基础实验课程的基本操作和表征,适合作为应用化学专业三年级综合化学实验教学实验项目的补充。通过本实验,有利于让学生更加系统地理解和掌握化学实验技术,培养其主动探索精神,锻炼其综合实践能力,同时,将绿水青山、环保低碳、变废为宝等课程思政理念融于综合化学实验教学。     

生物浸出回收废弃镍-镉电池研究

在中国,只有不到1%的废弃干电池被回收,因此有必要寻找一种既经济、快速,又利于环保的处理废弃干电池方法.生物浸出是回收废弃干电池有毒金属效果最好的方法之一.本研究应用本地下水道废水经驯化培养后产生的酸性废水作浸出菌种,考察pH值、生化反应器污水停留时间(RTB)、浸取时间、生化反应液是否添加Fe粉等实验条件对废弃镍-镉电池镍、镉浸出率的影响.结果表明,在pH值1.8~2.1、RTB 5 d、浸取时间50 d、生化反应液添加Fe粉条件下,可使镍-镉电池中镍、镉浸出率分别达到87.6%和86.4%,从而为工业生产提供了科学依据.     

加强实验教学过程管理促进实验教学目标达成

实验教学目标的达成依赖于严格的实验过程的科学管理。本文介绍了大连理工大学基础化学实验中心通过《化学实验指导手册》的编制和严格执行,培养学生的实验安全环保意识,加强对实验过程的指导。将实验各环节纳入考核范畴,目的在于着力培养学生良好的实验习惯,规范实验报告撰写和提高学生的创新思维能力,从而有效地监控和保证了实验教学质量。     

精馏芳樟醇的釜残液溶解废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫的研究

本文探索了利用芳樟醇釜残液溶解泡沫塑料的可行性.实验表明,芳樟醇釜残液中含有83%的倍半萜烯,能溶解泡沫塑料.在50℃,溶解时间为50 min时,1 mL芳樟醇釜残液能溶解0.29 g废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料.该釜残液与常用于泡沫塑料溶解的有机溶剂比,具有挥发性小、安全和环保的特点.     

程序升温热重法测定废弃塑料热分解动力学参数

本文采用程序升温热重法实验研究了废弃塑料热分解动力学.在实验结果进行讨论的基础上计算了废弃塑料热分解的动力学参数,结果表明,所选废弃塑料试样热分解反应表观活化能在100.72～225.89 kJ/mol之间.     

输液皮条在电解实验改进装置中的应用

利用输液皮条等废弃物品对电解实验装置进行综合改进,设计出适合学生探究电解原理的新装置,为实现课堂教学过程的探究化提供方便.     

和医学相关有机化合物绿色鉴别实验的设计*

为了将医用化学实验中“有机化合物的鉴别”实验更加密切地与医学相关专业结合,并提高实验操作的安全性,降低化学试剂的毒性与刺激性,甄选出一系列与医学密切相关的有机化合物作为待鉴别试剂,同时设计绿色环保、安全低毒、现象明显、操作简便、成本低廉的鉴别方法,为学生实验方案的设计提供指导。以期提高医学生学习的积极性与主动性,促进学生灵活运用知识分析问题、解决问题,为相关教学工作的改进提供借鉴意义。     

碱熔-碲共沉淀分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定废弃环保催化剂中铂钯铑

准确测定废弃环保催化剂中铂、钯、铑含量,是实现废弃环保催化剂贵金属高效回收和处置的重要保障技术条件之一,对回收铂族金属、湿法冶金生产物料平衡考察、保证买卖双方公平、公正交易等都具有重要的意义。采用碱熔分解废弃环保催化剂样品,碲共沉淀富集铂、钯、铑并与共存离子分离,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定铂、钯、铑含量。结果表明,在1.2~2.7 mol/L盐酸体系中,加入碲沉淀剂,以二氯化锡为还原剂,能完全沉淀富集铂、钯、铑。铂、钯、铑校准曲线的线性范围为0.50～50.00 μg/mL,线性相关系数分别为0.99998、0.99996、0.99997;铂、钯、铑的检出限分别为2.6 μg/g、0.9 μg/g、1.2 μg/g;方法中铂、钯、铑的测定范围为25～25000 μg/g。按照实验方法测定废弃环保催化剂中铂、钯、铑,结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.2%～3.6%;加标回收率为96%～109%     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.