折衍射混合复消色差望远物镜中的色球差

一个正透镜、一个负透镜及一个衍射光学元件以不同的组合可以构成两种折衍射混合光学系统.当这两种系统消球差、彗差及复消色差后会产生不同的色球差.通过赛德尔像差理论,分析了这两种结构产生不同色球差的原因.计算表明当衍射光学元件以负透镜的平面为基底时产生的色球差为以正透镜的平面为基底时产生的色球差的7倍.对衍射光学元件以负透镜的平面为基底的情形,提出了减小系统色球差的解决办法,使系统色球差减小到0.307 mm.另外设计了一个传统复消色差光学系统,并和折衍射混合光学系统进行了比较,分析表明,衍射光学元件可代替传统光学系统中的特殊光学材料并使系统达到相同的成像质量.最后讨论了衍射光学元件的衍射效率对系统成像质量的影响.     

基于柯西色散公式的多层衍射光学元件的设计和分析

以衍射光学元件相位延迟表达式为理论基础,采用光学材料的折射率柯西色散近似公式,研究并得到了多层衍射光学元件的相位延迟与材料的关系,以及衍射效率与设计波长的关系.在400～700 nm可见光波段,以聚甲基丙烯酸酯和聚碳酸酯为基底材料,由柯西色散近似公式设计的多层衍射光学元件的最大带宽积分平均衍射效率为99.62%,相应的...     

衍射光学透镜色散特性的仿真研究

在白光照射下,衍射光学透镜的焦距不仅同材料色散和波长色散有关,而且还同孔径因子有关。基于折射率随波长变化的经验公式,利用自编的仿真计算程序包,得到了透镜焦距、材料色散、波长色散、孔径因子之间的关系曲线。所获得的理论分析和仿真计算结果为进一步设计消色差的纯衍射目视光学系统提供了理论依据,具有一定的指导意义。     

含有双层衍射光学元件的中波/长波消热差光学系统的设计

建立了工作在一定入射角度范围内的多层衍射光学元件的复合带宽积分平均衍射效率的分析模型。基于衍射光学元件所具有的独特的消色差和消热差性质,设计了一个含有双层衍射光学元件的工作在(3.7~4.8) μm和(7.7~9.5) μm红外双波段光学系统。光学系统的焦距为200 mm,F#为2。采用像元数为320×256、间距为30 μm的制冷型探测器。该系统在空间频率17 lp/mm时,中、长波红外MTF分别高于0.66和0.54;最大RMS半径小于11.702 μm;波前像差小于0.191 7λ;最大离焦量小于焦深;在-55℃~71℃范围内实现了无热化设计。入射到衍射面上的角度为0°~5.19°,该双层衍射光学元件在中波和长波波段的复合带宽积分平均衍射效率分别为99.81%和97.36%。含有双层衍射光学元件的红外双波段光学系统结构简单,像质优良,可以广泛应用于军事探测系统中。     

用于光纤传像束的折-衍混合光学耦接器研究

在光学耦接器设计中引入衍射面,根据衍射光学元件的三级像差理论,分析了衍射面初始结构参量的求解规律,通过理论计算和ZEMAX光学软件的优化,给出工作波长0.4~0.7 μm,焦距27.5 mm,光学长度为64 mm,采用一个衍射面的耦接器设计实例.该耦接器适用于单丝直径16 μm,截面直径为6 mm的光纤传像束.对设计结果的分析表明,折-衍混合耦接器不仅在光学性能方面优于传统的光学耦接器,而且在尺寸和重量上有非常显著的减少.     

折射/衍射混合红外双焦光学系统设计

利用二元光学元件消色差和对波面进行任意整形的特点，将二元衍射面应用于红外双焦光学系统中，对变焦方程的解进行了分析，给出了具体的系统设计实例.设计结果表明，在仅使用4片锗透镜的情况下，系统焦距为80 mm，F数为0.8时，系统垂轴像差小于72μm，在10lp/mm时光学传递函数大于0.8；系统焦距为160mm，F数为1.6时，系统垂轴像差小于35μm，在10lp/mm时光学传递函数大于0.7. 关键词： 红外变焦光学系统 折射/衍射混合透镜 光学设计     

含有双层衍射光学元件的中波/长波消热差光学系统的设计（英文）

建立了工作在一定入射角度范围内的多层衍射光学元件的复合带宽积分平均衍射效率的分析模型。基于衍射光学元件所具有的独特的消色差和消热差性质,设计了一个含有双层衍射光学元件的工作在(3.7～4.8)μm和(7.7～9.5)μm红外双波段光学系统。光学系统的焦距为200 mm,F#为2。采用像元数为320×256、间距为30μm的制冷型探测器。该系统在空间频率17 lp/mm时,中、长波红外MTF分别高于0.66和0.54;最大RMS半径小于11.702μm;波前像差小于0.191 7λ;最大离焦量小于焦深;在-55℃～71℃范围内实现了无热化设计。入射到衍射面上的角度为0°～5.19°,该双层衍射光学元件在中波和长波波段的复合带宽积分平均衍射效率分别为99.81%和97.36%。含有双层衍射光学元件的红外双波段光学系统结构简单,像质优良,可以广泛应用于军事探测系统中。     

红外双色宽波段高衍射效率衍射光学系统设计

采用双层Kinoform型衍射光学元件,设计了一种能够同时在红外中波(MWIR)3~5μm和长波(LWIR)8~14μm波段内工作的双波段光学系统。系统仅使用两种材料(ZnS和ZnSe)和四片透镜,实现了焦距100mm、F数1.2的长焦距、大相对孔径光学系统设计。通过数值仿真运算,合理地选择双层衍射光学元件的两种基底材料及设计波长,衍射光学元件的带宽积分衍射效率超过96%。系统像差得到了很好的校正,成像质量良好,中波所有视场调制传递函数(MTF)(14.3lp/mm)大于0.7,长波大于0.65,且接近衍射极限,同时分析了衍射效率对系统MTF的影响。最后利用Matlab软件绘制了衍射表面微结构仿真图,两个衍射面的最大闪耀深度分别为179.3μm和159.4μm,最小特征尺寸为1.41mm,完全满足目前金刚石车削工艺的加工要求。     

多层衍射光学元件设计原理与衍射效率的研究

叙述了多层衍射光学元件的设计原理.通过对多层衍射光学元件结构、位相延迟表达式、材料选择匹配的研究,使得优化最大光栅高度后的多层衍射光学元件能够实现大幅度提高宽光谱范围内衍射效率的作用.其衍射效率在从g谱线（435.834 3 nm）到C谱线（656.272 5 nm）的可见光范围内的任何波长上的理论衍射效率均在99％以上,带宽积分平均衍射效率为99.7％,能够满足高质量成像光学系统应用的需要,并利用该元件设计了长焦距复消色差物镜.     

新型轻量化可见光光谱仪成像系统研究与分析

利用衍射光学元件消色差和对波面进行任意整形及自由曲面光学元件校正像差的特性,将衍射光学元件和自由曲面光学元件应用于传统可见光光谱成像光谱仪成像系统中,提出了一种新型的可见光光谱成像光谱仪成像系统,基于衍射光学元件独特的负色散特性,用一片折射/衍射混合光学元件代替传统的双胶合透镜来实现消色差,基于自由曲面光学元件的多自由度特性,在系统中引入两个自由曲面光学元件对系统中的像差进行有针对性的校正,针对具体的设计实例给出了详细的设计步骤,设计结果表明,在相同的参数指标前提下,新型系统仅为4片式结构,和传统系统相比,重量减轻22.9%,总长缩短26.6%,最大口径减小30.6%,调制传递函数值最大提升为1.0视场,调制传递函数值提高0. 35,最大畸变减小1.6%,最大垂轴像差减小56.4%,轴向色差减小59.3%,新型系统各方面的性能都得到了较大的改进,为现代高性能、轻小型可见光光谱成像光谱仪成像系统设计提供了一种新的途径。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.