双基地角时变下的逆合成孔径雷达越分辨单元徙动校正算法

采用双基地逆合成孔径雷达距离-多普勒算法成像时,目标尺寸较大或累积转角过大,会引起越分辨单元徙动现象,影响成像质量.针对双基地角时变下逆合成孔径雷达成像的越分辨单元徙动问题,提出了一种校正算法.首先,建立了双基地逆合成孔径雷达回波模型,分析了越分辨单元徙动的产生机理,并通过广义的Keystone变换实现了越距离单元徙动的校正,同时消除了目标非匀速转动对成像的影响.然后,基于图像对比度最大准则估计了图像的等效旋转中心位置,并对距离向绝对定标,进而构造补偿相位项,完成了越多普勒单元徙动的校正.仿真实验结果表明,此方法能够有效地校正双基地角时变下的越分辨单元徙动,提高成像质量.     

导弹目标单、双基地雷达散射截面对比分析

目标单、双基地雷达散射截面(RCS)反映了目标是否容易被单、双基地雷达检测到。目前缺乏单、双基地RCS对比的量化指标。首先定义了双基地RCS相对于单基地RCS的RCS增强因子和RCS增强率,然后应用该定义统计分析了某隐身目标和非隐身目标双基地RCS计算结果。结果显示:对隐身目标,RCS增强因子大,RCS增强率高,对于非隐身目标,其RCS增强因子显著下降,RCS增强率不高。结合指标含义,应用双基地RCS有助于隐身目标检测,而对非隐身目标效果并不明显,这与雷达界认识相一致。这也说明,应用上述两个指标进行单、双基地RCS对比分析是有效的。此外根据隐身目标在较窄双基地角范围内的双基地RCS分析结果,应用双基地角20°~40°范围内的双基地RCS即可提高对隐身目标的检测效果。     

一种基于随机序列的正交离散频率编码信号

双基地合成孔径声呐克服了单基地声呐系统的诸多缺陷,在成像等方面有很大优势,但时间同步仍然是一个目前制约成像质量的重要因素,时间同步误差影响是值得关注的重要问题。在回波信号模型和时间同步误差模型基础上,针对双基地合成孔径声呐进行误差影响的理论分析,并进行仿真验证。结果表明,固定时间误差主要引起距离向聚焦位置偏移,线性时间误差引起方位向聚焦模糊和分辨率降低,随机时间误差引起距离与方位向旁瓣升高。     

机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达成像算法

针对逆合成孔径激光雷达对机动目标成像时,其回波信号存在距离向色散和方位向多普勒时变的问题,在建立机动目标精确回波信号模型的基础上,提出一种基于积分立方次相位函数-分数阶傅里叶变换的成像算法.在距离压缩时,首先采用积分立方次相位函数快速估计出回波脉冲的调频率,进而在最佳旋转角下采用分数阶傅里叶变换实现距离像压缩,消除距离色散.经过运动补偿后,在方位压缩时结合积分立方次相位函数-分数阶傅里叶变换与Clean技术实现对每一距离单元上强弱散射点的分离成像,解决由于机动运动产生的方位多普勒时变而形成的图像散焦问题.最后,通过散射点模型的仿真实验,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅴ):成像分辨率和天线孔径函数

基于合成孔径激光成像雷达(SAIL)二维数据收集方程和成像算法,研究了圆形孔径和矩形孔径光学望远镜天线的方位向成像分辨率,导出了点扩展函数的解析表达式,分析了理想成像点尺寸及其光学足迹中心偏离、相位二次项匹配滤波失匹、空间采样宽度、采样周期等的影响;也研究了距离向成像分辨率并分析了非线性啁啾补偿等的影响.对于各种影响因素都给出了数学判据,特别是发现了矩形孔径的光学望远镜可以产生适合于SAIL扫描方式的矩形光学足趾并消除方位向分辨率不均匀降低,可以设计最佳的矩形孔径的尺度分别控制光学足趾在方位向及其垂直方向上的尺度,得到大扫描宽度和高方位向分辨率;也发现了目标外差延时必须尽量小以克服非线性啁啾和初始光频不稳定性相位误差.     

基于二次成像的像面干涉高光谱成像方法

像面干涉高光谱成像技术主要应用于遥感成像领域,为了实现不同距离目标的光谱成像探测,提出了一种基于二次成像的像面干涉高光谱成像方法。通过在无限远成像系统中加入前端成像物镜、中继准直物镜和横向剪切分束器,构建一个二次成像的干涉系统。通过采用分离式的前端成像物镜方案,选用变焦镜头或不同焦距的定焦镜头,有效地兼顾远、近距离目标的成像光谱探测。对该方法的成像系统、光谱分辨率和推扫方式等方面进行了分析,进一步搭建了实验装置,对室内近场目标和室外远场目标进行了成像实验,并对生物组织进行了显微光谱干涉成像实验。实验结果表明,该成像方法能够有效用于不同距离目标的高光谱成像探测。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的弹载SAR成像算法

针对弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号的多普勒参数随斜距变化大及传统脉冲压缩成像算法分辨率低的问题,本文提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的弹载SAR成像算法.首先建立弹载SAR末制导阶段回波信号模型,然后通过局部最优处理来测量回波信号的调频率,并以此计算FrFT的最优阶次,在最优阶次下分别对回波信号进行距离向和方位向的FrFT,从而得到成像区域的SAR图像,最后分别采用传统脉冲压缩成像算法与本文基于FrFT的成像算法进行仿真和实测对比实验.实验结果表明,该算法能够对目标区域精确成像;由于在成像处理过程中,对每个距离向和方位向的回波信号进行独立的局部最优处理,因此该算法更适应于弹载SAR的非线性飞行轨迹,大大提高了弹载SAR的成像性能.该研究成果在目标探测与识别,精确制导等领域中具有重要的应用价值.     

机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法

针对逆合成孔径激光雷达对机动目标成像时存在方位多普勒时变的问题,提出了一种基于方位时频域keystone变换的机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法.利用多分量线性调频子回波信号的调频斜率与起始频率的比值为常量这一特点,在方位时频域采用keystone变换将多分量线性调频信号同时转换为多分量单频信号,利用快速傅里叶变换实现方位聚焦.采用基于分数阶傅里叶变换和最小熵的线性调频参量估计方法,实现了对调频斜率与起始频率比值的精确、快速估计.结果表明,与现有的基于Radon-Wigner变换的距离-瞬时多普勒成像算法相比,所提出的算法成像效率大大提高,且能够保留更多的目标细节信息,适合于逆合成孔径激光雷达的实时成像.     

实验室合成孔径激光雷达点目标二维成像实验

在尺度缩小的合成孔径激光成像雷达实验室装置上,实现了一个点目标的同时方位向和距离向的二维成像,实验结果符合预想的设计.     

双基阵纯方位目标运动分析研究

研究了双基阵纯方位目标运动分析的基本原理和方法,提出了方位数据关联的迭代算法,进行了仿真实验．仿真结果表明,双基阵纯方位ＴＭＡ及数据关联方法不仅克服了单基阵纯方位ＴＭＡ需要本舰机动的限制,而且提高了参数估计算法的稳定性和精度,具有较好的工程应用前景．     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

国内CIDEP研究进展

化学诱导动态电子极化（CIDEP）是检测瞬态顺磁粒子并表征其特征的强有力的手段,对于研究光化学和光物理瞬态过程的微观机理和规律有重要意义. 本文较为详细地总结了4种常见的CIDEP机理,讨论了各种极化谱及相应的极化条件;简要介绍了国内研究小组在CIDEP理论以及在均相溶液和微复相体系中光化学过程的CIDEP研究成果.      

On phase-coherence in rescattering in multiphoton ionization and in higher-order harmonic generation

Summary  The recently discovered plateau and rings in high-order multiphoton ionization apparently have their origin in rescattering. Similarly, rescattering is involved in higher-order harmonic generation. Using a simple one-dimensional model, it is shown that the phase-coherence in this rescattering process is of considerable importance. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction. This work has been supported by the East-West Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Transportation under project no. 45.372/2-IV/6/97. One of us (JZK) acknowledges the support of the Polish Committee of Scientific Research (grant KBN 2 P03B 007 13).     

Absorption in the final state in reactions and decays in the medium

The role of strong absorption of particles in intermediate and final states has been considered. The range of applicability of phenomenological models of absorption has been studied. This model is nonuniversal. Its applicability depends on the type of interaction Hamiltonian and matrix element used. We also demonstrate that the violation of the unitarity condition can produce a qualitative error in the results. The absorption (decay) in the final state does not tend to suppress the total process probability as well as the probability of the channel corresponding to absorption. This is true for the reactions, decays and nˉ conversion in the medium.     

室内声学中散射研究进展

近20年,界面散射研究在声场预测、定量测量和产品研发等方面取得了重要进展,加深了我 们对散射及其作用的认识。人们可以定量地评估、设计和优化散射产品,用更加丰富的手法进行室内 音质设计。     

Synergism in electron gas in crossed fields

An electron gas in crossed electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength is considered in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is known that more than one independent frequency existing in a system, which are of comparable magnitude, can generate coherent synergic radiation. In the present system three independent frequencies exist: viz the synchrotron frequency due to the magnetic field, the hopping frequency due to the electric field, and the plasma frequency. It is shown that all these can combine to generate a new synergic coherent radiation. The results also show the possibility of interpreting the quantum nature of Hall conductance as due to density function alone. Besides these, the solution admits the Schubnikov-de Haas oscillation of the electrical conductivity due to change in the fields.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.     

Frequency-doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate

Efficient frequency-doubling is experimentally demonstrated in presence of beam self-trapping in congruent lithium niobate crystal. The self-trapping is induced by the generated second harmonic beam via photorefractive effect under an external applied field. The local space charge field distribution, formed by the second harmonic beam, is shown to efficiently trap both wavelengths. The dynamics of self-focusing is studied along with the power evolution of the second harmonic beam. Fast tuning of phase matching conditions in the written waveguide is realized by an externally applied voltage also used for the photorefractive confinement.