外差探测系统中马卡望远镜离轴使用的研究

鉴于马卡望远镜离轴能够减小因副镜遮挡引起的光能量损失,分析了马卡望远镜离轴使用时,合作目标和非合作目标发射和接收光路的区别。讨论了马卡望远镜在外差探测系统离轴使用时,发射能量提高,但外差效率下降的原因;在合作目标外差探测系统离轴使用时发射能量提高30%以上,外差效率也有很大提高;通过对散射体目标物和平面镜的测量,分别得到了17%和85%的外差效率,验证了马卡望远镜在合作目标外差探测系统中可以离轴使用。     

粗糙目标合成孔径激光雷达信号仿真

建立粗糙表面的蒙特卡罗模型,研究目标表面高度起伏对光外差信号的调制效应,对不同粗糙程度的目标引起的退相干效应进行定量分析,给出光外差信号恶化与粗糙目标表面参量的定量关系.结果表明:当相关长度为100λ,光外差信号随着高度起伏均方根的增大而减小,当高度起伏均方根超过0.2λ时,光外差信号非常微弱;当均方根高度起伏为0.1λ时,光外差信号随相关长度的减小而减小,给光外差探测造成困难.     

大天顶角的到达角起伏

基于修正Kolmogorov谱,运用相位结构函数的平方近似,导出了适用于大天顶角传输的到达角起伏方差及其功率谱的解析表达式.研究结果表明,新导出的方差表达式在任意天顶角都是适用的.散射盘尺度和接收孔径对到达角起伏起平滑作用,当接收孔径远大于散射盘尺度时,由于孔径平滑作用,导出的表达式在任意天顶角都可以近似为弱起伏理论给出的结果;当接收孔径小于散射盘尺度时,散射盘尺度的平滑作用明显,接收孔径的平滑作用相对较小,传统的到达角起伏理论仅在小天顶角是适用的,在大天顶角必须用新导出的方差表达式.当接收孔径D<25 cm时,弱起伏理论给出的表达式的适用范围被限制在小于50°~70°的天顶角内.     

光学综合孔径望远镜中子望远镜平行性和光程差调整的研究

光干涉技术与天文望远镜技术的结合是提高天文观测分辨率的一种有效方法.采用望远镜阵代替单个大口径望远镜来集光观测,利用最大基线的概念来等效传统光学望远镜的最大口径,很大程度上解决了单个望远镜集光能力不足、角分辨率不高的问题.然而对于光干涉来说,在应用中,只有满足:两束光的相位差δ必须相对稳定、存在相互平行的振动分量、频率相同、两光波在相遇点所产生振动的振幅相差不悬殊和两光波在相遇点的光程差(OPD)应在相干长度之内等这些条件时才能部分相干.光学综合孔径(OAS)望远镜产生干涉条纹的前提条件是子望远镜之间必须两两相干.推导了双光束光干涉的要求,并从双光束干涉的平行性和光程差的要求出发,研究并得出光学综合孔径望远镜子望远镜的平行性和光程差的要求.结合双光束干涉的恒星光干涉仪的光束平行性和光程差的调整方案,研究并得到了光学综合孔径望远镜子望远镜的平行性和光程差调整的光学方案,并讨论了该系统的改进措施.     

光束品质因子M2对非同轴激光雷达探测性能的影响

光束品质因子M2直接影响高斯光束传播特性,光纤口径主要约束激光雷达接收系统的视场角.几何重叠因子是影响激光雷达探测性能的重要参量,其主要受激光束的发射特性、接收系统的结构等影响.通过探讨光束品质因子M2及耦合光纤口径对几何重叠因子的影响,为设计激光雷达发射接收系统,改善激光雷达的探测性能提供了优化方案.数值计算及初步实验表明,光纤的耦合效率与光纤的放置位置及光纤口径有很大的关系;几何重叠因子小于1的探测距离受到M2因子的较大影响且随着M2因子的增大而增大.     

冬小麦冠层光谱的方向性特征分析

二向性反射因入射和观测的角度变化而变化,合理选择遥感观测角度、太阳天顶角等为提高遥感应用精度提供可能。通过采用各向异性因子和各向异性指数定量分析了冬小麦冠层窄波段二向性反射率及NDVI的方向性特征。分析结果表明：主平面内二向性反射率的各向异性最强,垂直主平面最弱,其他平面介于前两者之间;可见光波段反射率随观测天顶角的敏感性大于近红外波段;反射率对太阳天顶角的敏感性随着观测天顶角的增大而增大。前向NDVI整体上大于后向,且NDVI随着太阳天顶角的增大呈增大趋势。为了减少观测方式所带来的不确定性,应尽量选择近红外波段和小太阳天顶角,估算结构参数时应尽量选择主平面进行遥感观测,在利用NDVI估算生物物理参数时尽量远离“热点”区域。     

极紫外与X射线波段正入射两镜反射系统的研究

基于三级象差理论,分析了几何象差对正入射望远镜性能的影响,总结了弥散斑角宽度θ随着系统f数和半视场角uP的变化趋势.弥散斑的角宽度θ随着半视场角uP的增大而增大,随着系统f数的增大而减小.当f数小于10或者半视场角uP大于0.005弧度时,弥散斑角宽度θ变化比较剧烈.详细讨论了四种典型的反射系统,Dall-Kirkham系统和反Dall-Kirkham系统的弥散斑角宽尺寸在一个数量级上,大约为卡塞格林系统的十倍.R-C系统的弥散斑角宽最小,几乎是卡塞格林系统的十分之一.通过本文的结论公式可以估算一个光学系统的象差尺寸并避免进行光线追迹.     

近红外白天恒星探测对比度分析

红外波段可以探测到足够多的星体用以导航。恒星-背景对比度是白天恒星探测时的一个重要指标,分析近红外波段,6星等恒星对比度随太阳天顶角、探测器高度和探测方位角的变化情况。结果显示,恒星-背景对比度随太阳天顶角近似于指数增长,40太阳天顶角时对比度是20时的2.69倍左右;一定高度时,对比度随探测器高度的增加近似指数增加,低于15 km时对比度仍小于3, 80 km时对比度达到60左右;随着探测方位角的增大,恒星-背景对比度基本上线性增大,30探测方位角时的对比度是0探测方位角时对比度的2.38倍。     

固体激光光折变自适应光外差探测技术研究

依据光折变晶体中自抽运与互抽运相位共轭共存的特性，提出了一种新型的光折变自适应光外差探测系统，并利用相干性较差的固体激光器进行了自适应光外差探测的实验研究。该系统具有结构简单、干扰和外差探测灵敏度高等优点，在光通信、激光雷达等许多领域内都具有重要的实用价值。     

大气湍流对空间光耦合至单模光纤的影响

 根据弱湍理论,考虑湍流强度闪烁、孔径平均效应、湍流波前畸变及耦合系统跟踪误差的影响,导出了空间光到单模光纤的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏方差模型。根据Hufnagel-Valley 5/7折射率结构模型,对下行连接及上行连接的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏进行了研究。仿真结果表明,对于下行连接,随着地面接收天线孔径的增大,相对功率起伏先是由于孔径平均效应而减小,而后由于湍流波前畸变的影响而逐渐增大;对于上行连接,可忽略湍流波前畸变及孔径平均效应的影响。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.