非相干光源无衍射光的自重建

基于Hankel 波理论分析了非相干光源产生Bessel光束的自重建特性, 利用光学设计软件ZEMAX模拟了Bessel光束经过轴上圆形障碍物后的截面光强分布. 由于发光二级管(LED) 具有一定的频谱宽度且不像激光具有很高的相干度, 因此我们采用一定频宽范围的连续谱来描述. 从模拟结果可以直观地看出Bessel光束被轴上圆形障碍物遮挡后逐步完成自重建, 说明用LED非相干光作为光源具有自重建特性.实验上采用LED和轴棱锥元件产生Bessel光束, 然后通过轴上圆形障碍物、轴上方形障碍物, 并拍摄了不同位置处的截面光强分布图, 证实了非相干光源产生Bessel光束的自重建特性.实验结果和模拟结果相符合. 关键词： 无衍射光束 LED光源 轴棱锥 自重建     

部分相干无衍射光束经环形孔径的传输特性

理论上利用高斯谢尔模型和交叉谱密度的传播公式得到部分相干Bessel光束经过环形孔径的光强表达式.通过Mathcad软件数值模拟光强表达式,得到在不同传播距离的截面光斑图,结果表明部分相干Bessel光束在经过环形孔径后会产生空心光束.实验中以绿光LED为光源,经轴棱锥聚焦得到部分相干Bessel光束,在其无衍射距离内放置环形孔径.使用体视显微镜照相系统拍摄部分相干Bessel光束经过环形孔径的衍射光斑图,得到的结果与模拟结果吻合.     

部分相干光对周期性局域空心光束的影响

用旋转毛玻璃和光阑把激光变成部分相干光, 再经过双轴棱锥系统把一束平行光变成两束同频率但不同径向波矢分量的无衍射贝塞尔光, 相干叠加产生了部分相干的周期性局域空心光束. 通过干涉理论与实验结果相互佐证, 得出局域空心光束的周期为2.5 mm. 进一步探究入射光场相干度对产生局域空心光束的影响, 发现随着相干度的降低局域空心光束中心暗斑与周围光强的衬比度会降低, 但不影响局域空心光束的周期以及中心暗斑尺寸.     

无衍射光束提高成像系统分辨率

设计了一种在非相干光源下利用轴棱锥产生的无衍射光束成像系统.基于衍射积分理论与点扩散函数推导出成像系统分辨率的表达式,利用光学软件对无衍射光束成像系统的初始结构模型进行仿真,并以蓝光LED作为光源,将条纹状物体、透镜组以及轴棱锥等光学元件组合为成像系统进行实验.结果表明:实验结果与理论分析相符,即非相干光源无衍射Bessel光束成像系统利用无衍射光束的特性能够提高成像分辨率.     

轴棱锥——透镜系统的光束传输与变换

对平面波经过轴棱锥--透镜系统的整个演绎过程进行详细的理论分析,数值模拟和实验验证.平面波经过轴棱锥产生横向光场不变的近似无衍射光,在最大无衍射距离内加入合适透镜将产生局域空心光束(Bottlebeam),而空心光束的尺寸可通过改变透镜焦距进行控制.当光束继续传播,贝塞尔(Bessel)光发生自重建(Self-reconstruction),但重建的Bessel光将会发散,光强随着传播距离增大而迅速下降,且中心亮斑尺寸也迅速增大.通过引入另一聚焦透镜对光束进行修正,恢复了Bessel光束的无衍射的特性.利用显微镜-CCD光束分析系统获得不同传播距离的截面光强分布,实验结果和理论分析及数值模拟相吻合.     

新型部分相干光束的产生及其相干特性

利用相干理论,研究了新型部分相干光束的相干特性.用激光光束透过旋转的特殊毛玻璃,产生一种相干性分布特殊的新型部分相干光束.实验上经双孔干涉,记录了该光束经不同小孔间距双孔产生的干涉条纹,计算得出所对应的相干度,并获得了该光束在不同传输距离下的相干度分布情况,发现该光束的相干度分布与高斯-谢尔模型光束的相干度分布不相同,其相干度随着传输距离的增大而变强.     

柱透镜聚焦高阶Bessel光束产生焦散光束

研究了高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜后的光场分布特性.在广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分理论基础上,推导出高阶Bessel光束透过柱透镜后的衍射光场分布表达式;并利用MATLAB和MATHCAD模拟了不同传播距离处的光强分布.实验上,利用轴棱锥和螺旋相位板产生不同阶数的高阶Bessel光束,并使产生的高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜,最后用CCD记录下不同距离处的衍射光场.研究结果表明,高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜形成唇状的焦散光束.     

空心光束尺寸的精确调控

提出一种利用环缝精确调控空心光束尺寸的新方法.首先用环缝和旋转毛玻璃产生非相干准单色的环形光源,再经过薄透镜聚焦后产生空间相干度按第一类零阶贝塞尔函数分布的贝塞尔-谢尔模型光场,最后通过轴棱锥对贝塞尔-谢尔模型光场的线聚焦,产生空心光束.通过改变环缝大小控制非相干环形光源尺寸,对贝塞尔-谢尔模型光场的空间相干度分布进行调制,从而精确控制空心光束尺寸.应用广义衍射积分理论以及贝塞尔-谢尔模型描述该光学系统所产生的光场分布.设计相关实验进行验证,理论分析、数值模拟与实验结果相符合.该研究成果对不同尺寸粒子的微操控提供有力的手段.     

部分相干光产生无衍射Mathieu光束

基于傅里叶变换下的菲涅尔衍射理论,对部分相干光产生Mathieu光束进行了理论和实验研究,并利用抽样理论和色散公式推导出Mathieu光束的光强分布表达式.数值模拟了不同传播距离处Mathieu光束的截面光强分布,并设计了实验对模拟结论进行验证.实验采用多波长蓝光LED为光源,利用带有椭圆形孔径的菲林片及轴棱锥得到Mathieu光束.模拟和实验结果均证明部分相干光可以产生Mathieu光束.研究结果对拓展Mathieu光束的应用范围提供了理论依据.     

像散Bessel光束自重建特性的理论和实验研究

基于菲涅耳衍射积分理论和巴比涅原理,推导出像散Bessel光束经圆形障碍物后的光强分布一般表达式.数值模拟了像散Bessel光束经圆形障碍物遮挡后光场的自重建过程,并设计相关实验进行验证,实验结果与理论模拟基本符合.结果表明：零阶像散Bessel光束经过轴上和离轴障碍物后均会发生光束重建现象.随着传输距离的增加,像散Bessel光束的外轮廓尺寸变大、中心光点阵列数增多,逐渐重建出不同于障碍物前的完整光束.并且观察到光束在重建过程中横向和纵向的重建速度并不一致,存在一定的速度差.利用螺旋相位板产生高阶像散Bessel光束,验证了高阶像散Bessel光束经障碍物遮挡后同样具有自重建特性.研究结果对像散Bessel光束在多层面粒子操纵方面的应用具有参考价值.     

Method of state code matrixes in the realization of optical switching using Perfect Shuffle

Based on the Left Perfect Shuffle (LPS) optical communication network constructed by cascade multi-stage LPS interconnection, using Looping algorithm, any arbitrary sequence of the input signals can be realized. However, instead of obtaining the simultaneous state codes of the same level node switches through mathematical analytical expressions directly, only routing tags of each channel can be obtained through mathematical analytical expressions so as to draw out topological chart of the network to obtain the state codes implied in the chart. Thus, the states of the switches cannot be directly programmed and controlled by computer in practical application. In this paper, based on the Looping algorithm, a method of stage code matrixes is presented to resolve this problem. By using the method, the simultaneous state codes of the same level’s four node switches can be directly obtained, which is convenient for the computer to provide controlled signals needed to finish the permutation for each node switch. The method of stage code matrixes provides further theoretical basis for the realization of optical switching by integration of Perfect Shuffle and high-speed optical switches.     

具有振幅调制的光学格子中光束的演化研究

利用变分原理和数值模拟的方法研究了光束在光传输方向的横截面上存在着具有振幅调制的光学格子时的演化,得到了光束宽度、振幅、光束的波阵面曲率随传播距离的演化形式.通过将光束的传输类比于粒子的运动,发现光束参量的条件存在三个区域,在不同的区域光束将在光格子的调制下有不同的传输形式,光格子振幅调制系数在各个区域起到了重要作用.光学格子中周期格子的作用有类似非线性的很好的特性,周期格子的引入提供了更好地控制格子孤子形成和传输的参考条件.     

Experimental measurement and analysis of the optical trapping force acting on a yeast cell with a lensed optical fiber probe

Based on an optical trapping system with a single-lensed fiber probe inserted at an angle, the sub-picoNewton trapping force acting on a yeast cell as a function of the displacement is measured experimentally by the static and dynamic methods, respectively, whose measurement processes are presented in detail. The measured maximum trapping efficiency is 0.07 in our experiment, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the optical tweezers. The characteristics of the trapping force in the various horizontal directions are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the measurement error shows the factors and their magnitude which cause error, and offers a way to reduce the error in future.     

Dichroic property of the H2O-groups in α-quartz, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in the infrared range

The absorptive peaks of the H₂O-groups were observed in the infrared absorption spectra in the vicinity of 3480 cm⁻¹ in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃, and 3580 cm⁻¹ in α-quartz. The absorptions of these lines were found to depend on the vibration direction of the polarized incident light, showing the dichroic property in these crystals. The absorption of the ordinary ray waves is much larger than that for the E-ray waves in the crystals. This observation indicates that the direction of the bond vibrations for the H₂O-groups is perpendicular to the optic axis of crystals. The dichroic property of the H₂O-groups may serve as the tracer to study the local electric field in piezoelectric crystals.     

Theoretical analysis of the radiation effect on the transient behavior of optoelectronic integrated devices

Theoretical analysis of the radiation effect on transient behavior of an optoelectronic integrated device composed of a heterojunction phototransistor and a light emitting diode is studied theoretically. First, the transient behavior and the rise time of this device before radiation are investigated based on the frequency response of the constituent devices and the optical feedback inside the device. Second, the effect of neutron irradiation flux on the transient behavior of this device is theoretically studied. The results show that, by increasing the optical feedback inside the device, the rise time in the amplification mode is increased along with an increasing output, while that in the switching mode can be reduced effectively, and the neutron irradiation reduces the transient response and the rise time in both the amplification and switching modes. This type of model can be exploited as optical amplifier, optical switching device, and other applications.     

Multiple parameter tuning of the bandwidth, wavelength and attenuation of a fiber-based acousto-optic tunable filter

In this paper we presented a method, which will allow multiple parameter control of the 3-dB bandwidth, center notch wavelength and attenuation level in a fiber-based acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The method basically involves the variation of the interaction length, RF frequency and RF power on a single-fiber device to achieve multiple parameters tuning of the optical filter. The acousto-optic (AO) interaction inside a single-mode fiber (SMF) was studied theoretically and experimentally.     

Gain Characterization of All-Optical Gain-Clamped PDFFA for WDM Networks Using the Feedback Theory

Using feedback theory, we analyze the gain of an all-optical gain-clamped praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier (AOGC PDFFA) for eight-channel multiwavelength operation. We demonstrate by numerical simulation that gain stabilization is achieved when the open-loop gain is higher than the feedback path attenuation. If this condition is fulfilled, the gain stabilizes to a value equal to the feedback path attenuation and is not influenced by the pump power, input signal power, number of channels, doped fiber length, or any other doped fiber parameter. In our setup the AOGC PDFFA noise figure is 0.12 dB lower than the open-loop PDFFA noise figure.     

Demonstration of the centralized optical backplane architecture in a three-board microprocessor-to-memory interconnect system

A prototype of a novel interconnection architecture called the centralized optical backplane (COB) was experimentally demonstrated in a three-board microprocessor-to-memory interconnect system. COB keeps the advantages of bus architecture while at the same time providing uniform optical signal fan-outs. In the prototype, the required connectivity for the microprocessor-to-memory interconnect was achieved by using a COB. The optoelectronic interface modules were optimized to support high-speed processing elements at data rates up to 1.25 Gbps. This demonstration illustrates the conceptual design of the COB and its feasibility in real systems.     

连续波微扰下飞秒光孤子的传输特性研究

给出了描述连续波扰动下飞秒光脉冲在光纤系统中传输的微扰高阶非线性薛定谔方程,通过矩法和微扰理论分析了飞秒亮孤子与连续波相互作用的特性,并利用龙格-库塔积分和分步傅里叶方法进行了数值模拟.结果表明,连续波微扰对光纤孤子通讯系统是十分有害的,在实际通讯过程中应当尽量避免连续波的渗入.     

A theoretical study of the non-linear response of a periodically driven bistable system

Summary In this paper, a comprehensive theory for the non-linear response of a periodically driven bistable system is presented. Analytic results for the full spectral response, including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), are obtained. In addition, the whole hierarchy of escape time distributions is calculated. Theoretical connection between these distributions and the SNR is made, enabling the SNR to be calculated from the knowledge of a single escape time distribution. The theoretical calculations are compared with the results of analogue simulation. Paper presented at the International Workshop ?Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena?, Elba, 5–10 June 1994.