有机污染物在碳纳米管吸附的定量结构-性质关系

对一系列共59个芳香性分子进行了HF/6-31G*水平上的结构优化,并在优化结构上进行了分子静电势及其导出参数的计算,应用多元线性回归方法建立了碳纳米管吸附有机污染物的平衡常数与分子结构间的定量关系.结果表明,分子表面静电势参数(Vmin、σ2+和ΣV+ind)结合分子表面积(S)和最低空轨道能级(εLUMO)可以很好地用于构建碳纳米管吸附的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)模型.模型中引入的参数均具有明确的物理意义,其合理性可以从污染物与碳纳米管或水分子间相互作用的角度进行解释.模型的稳定性和预测能力经"留一法"和Monte Carlo交叉验证法进行了确证.本文亦采用支持向量机(SVM)、最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和高斯过程(GP)等三种方法建立了上述参数与碳纳米管吸附性质的非线性模型.SVM和LSSVM模型表现出强的拟合能力,但预测能力明显不如其他模型.GP模型无论是拟合能力还是预测能力都是最佳,但并没有明显地优于线性模型,说明对本文研究体系而言,其分子结构与性质间的关系主要以线性形式存在.     

有机污染物在碳纳米管吸附的定量结构-性质关系

对一系列共59个芳香性分子进行了HF/6-31G^*水平上的结构优化,并在优化结构上进行了分子静电势及其导出参数的计算,应用多元线性回归方法建立了碳纳米管吸附有机污染物的平衡常数与分子结构间的定量关系. 结果表明,分子表面静电势参数（V_min、σ₊² 和ΣV_ind⁺）结合分子表面积（S）和最低空轨道能级（ε_LUMO）可以很好地用于构建碳纳米管吸附的定量结构-性质关系（QSPR）模型. 模型中引入的参数均具有明确的物理意义,其合理性可以从污染物与碳纳米管或水分子间相互作用的角度进行解释. 模型的稳定性和预测能力经“留一法”和Monte Carlo 交叉验证法进行了确证. 本文亦采用支持向量机（SVM）、最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）和高斯过程（GP）等三种方法建立了上述参数与碳纳米管吸附性质的非线性模型. SVM和LSSVM模型表现出强的拟合能力,但预测能力明显不如其他模型. GP模型无论是拟合能力还是预测能力都是最佳,但并没有明显地优于线性模型,说明对本文研究体系而言,其分子结构与性质间的关系主要以线性形式存在.     

基于估计均方差的统计量Sp的修正变量选择法用于持久性有机污染物毒性研究

提出并详细说明基于估计均方差的统计量Sp的修正变量选择(MVSSp)方法. 采用分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)及其二次项表征多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs), 多氯二苯并二噁英(PCDDs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)三种持久性有机污染物异构体分子结构, 结合MVSSp方法选择适当的描述子, 建立了三种持久性有机污染物分别对芳烃受体(AhR)亲合性, 芳香羟化酶(AHH), 7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)诱导作用的定量结构活性相关(QSAR)模型, 模型的质量优于文献或相当, 讨论了这些实验毒性与分子结构关系. 这对研究和预测这些持久性污染物的毒性具有一定的指导意义.     

Models of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls binding affinity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor developed using (13)c NMR data

Quantitative spectroscopic data-activity relationship (QSDAR) models for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and biphenyls (PCBs) binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been developed based on simulated (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. All the models were based on multiple linear regression of comparative spectral analysis (CoSA) between compounds. A 1.0 ppm resolution CoSA model for 26 PCDF compounds based on chemical shifts in five bins had an explained variance (r(2)) of 0.93 and a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated variance (q(2)) of 0.90. A 2.0 ppm resolution CoSA model for 14 PCDD compounds based on chemical shifts in five bins had an r(2) of 0.91 and a q(2) of 0.81. The 1.0 ppm resolution CoSA model for 12 PCB compounds based on chemical shifts in five bins had an r(2) of 0.87 and a q(2) of 0.45. The models with more compounds had a better q(2) because there are more multiple chemical shift populated bins available on which to base the linear regression. A 1.0 ppm resolution CoSA model for all 52 compounds that was based on chemical shifts in 12 bins had an r(2) of 0.85 and q(2) of 0.71. A canonical variance analysis of the 1.0 ppm CoSA model for all 52 compounds when they were separated into 27 strong binding and 25 weak binding compounds was 98% correct. Conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling suffer from errors introduced by the assumptions and approximations involved in calculated electrostatic potentials and the molecular alignment process. QSDAR modeling is not limited by such errors since electrostatic potential calculations and molecular alignment are not done. The QSDAR models provide a rapid, simple and valid way to model the PCDF, PCDD, and PCB binding activity in relation to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).     

Estimation of n-Octanol/water Partition Coefficients （lgKow） and the Aqueous Solubility （-lgSw） of all PCDF Congeners by Density Functional Theory

1 INTRODUCTION As is widely known, PCDFs together with poly- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been included in many blacklists, such as “persistent organic pol- lutants (POPs)” and suspected “environmental en- docrine disruptors (EEDs)”. This is because PC- DFs are chemically and thermally stable and com- plex PCDF mixtures are generally resistant to bio- degradation. Although the concentration of these chemicals is quite low o…     

A QSRR Study on the Relative Retention Time of Halogenated Methyl-phenyl Ethers

1 INTRODUCTION Halogenated methyl-phenyl ethers (anisoles) are ubiquitous organic compounds in the environment. There are 134 possible congeners consisting of 19 chloroanisoles, 19 bromoanisoles and 96 bromo- chloroanisoles. Although they are not produced…     

多氯代二苯并呋喃在不同色谱柱上的气相色谱保留行为——定量结构-色谱保留关系(QSRR)的研究

 以一种拟原子的方式处理多氯代二苯并呋喃 (PCDFs)异构体中的苯环 ,将PCDFs异构体中的原子或基团分为 3类 ,即 :氯原子 (Cl) (记为“1”) ,氧原子 (O) (记为“2”)及拟原子 (B) (记为“3”)。在烷烃分子距边矢量的基础上 ,提出一种以基团为基准的分子距离边数矢量 (μ矢量 ) ,借助多元线性回归方法分别建立了多氯代二苯并呋喃在不同色谱柱上的色谱保留指数与表征其结构的 μ矢量间的定量结构 色谱保留关系 (QSRR)相关模型。各样本总体所建模型的相关系数均在 0 98以上。     

多氯联苯的定量结构－性质(活性)关系

多氯联苯(PCBs)是一类重要的持久性环境污染物.首先对所有209个PCB分子进行了HF/6-31G*水平上的结构优化, 在优化结构上获得了分子的表面静电势分布, 并在此基础上对其统计导出的参数进行了计算．其后, 运用多元线性回归方法对PCBs的水溶性、正辛醇/水分配系数、正辛醇/空气分配系数、土壤吸附性、水溶液活度系数、298 K超冷流体蒸汽压、总分子表面积、色谱保留指数、升华焓、蒸发焓、熔融焓、PCB结合芳烃受体活性数据、生物降解度以及生物降解速率参数等理化性质和生物活性与分子的结构参数进行了关联．结果表明:分子静电势参数结合分子表面积和常规的量子化学参数可以很好地用于表达多氯联苯分子理化性质和生物活性与其分子结构间的定量关系．     

Clean-up by high-performance liquid chromatography of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans on a pyrenylethylsilica gel column

A clean-up step prior to the determination of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) based on normal- phase HPLC on a 2-(1-pyrenyl)ethyldimethyl silylated silica column is presented. With hexane as mobile phase, polychlorobiphenyls (including highly chlorinated non-ortho isomers) and organochlorine pesticides are eluted in the first fraction. The total fraction of PCDDs and PCDFs can be eluted by backflushing. By application of a gradient, all congeners are eluted within 75 min. The retention order of the PCDDs and PCDFs is predominantly governed by the degree of chlorination, but the substitution pattern also has a strong influence. Subtractions of the PCDD/PCDF fraction can be taken. The fraction containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was isolated. The three tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin isomers of this fraction were baseline separated on a non-polar capillary GC column.     

用从头算量化参数预测多氯代二苯并呋喃的1gKow

采用G98W程序包中的HF方法和6-31g(d)基组对135个多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)分子和二苯并呋喃进行了全几何优化计算．以计算所得的分子轨道能量、原子电荷作为PCDFs分子结构描述符，运用多元线性回归技术建立了PCDFs的lgKow与上述参数的四元线性方程，相关系数为0．9306，标准偏差为0．1849，用Jackknife法检验该模型的稳健性好，并对未有实验数据的85个PCDFs的lgKow进行了预测．     

Comparison of immunoaffinity column recovery patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans on columns generated with different monoclonal antibody clones and polyclonal antibodies

Evaluation of immunoaffinity columns (IACs) for dioxin serum sample clean-up requires a determination of the recovery of various dioxin congeners. We compared the IAC performance of different monoclonal and polyclonal anti-dioxin antibodies, measuring the recovery of congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). In addition, we measured the recovery of congeners of the structurally related polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).The polyclonal antibody based IACs evaluated had lower recovery for highly chlorinated dioxin congeners, but were more specific toward 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The resemblance of the hapten to 2,3,7,8-TCDD appeared to play a clear role, but chlorines in the 2-, 3- and 7-positions of the hapten were essential. Recovery of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from the IAC showed some relation to the affinity for the antibody measured by either the K_a from accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) or with 50% inhibition of color activity (IC₅₀) determined from an ELISA analysis.The IACs prepared from four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) derived from a common hapten showed differences in their retention patterns of PCDDs/PCDFs. Comparison of IC₅₀ from ELISA with recovery from the IACs indicated that a minimum IC₅₀ of 100 ppb was required for satisfactory recovery from the IAC, but the correlation was poor, indicating other factors were involved. Mab DD3 showed the broadest spectrum of the Mabs and showed satisfactory recoveries of all of the dioxin congeners, except OCDD. In addition, DD3 showed good recovery toward 2,3,4,8-TCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF but has poor recovery when PCDFs have a chlorine substitution in the 1-position.     

Toxic Congener-Specific Analysis of PCBs: Assessment of Toxicity in Equivalents of TCDD

Abstract

High resolution capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) present in snapping turtle eggs, provided quantitative data on selected toxic congeners. The concentrations of these congeners have been converted into equivalent toxic concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD). The toxic equivalent factors (TEFs), necessary to effect this transformation were derived from EC₅₀ values (half the concentration of the toxic congener required to produce the maximum effect) for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction associated with the corresponding toxic PCB congener or isomer. Summation of the resulting toxic equivalents provided a composite assessment of the toxlcity of the PCB mixture in terms of an equivalent concentration of TCDD.     

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash

Summary Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fly ash samples from coalburning power plants in Greece have been determined by high resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection (HRGC-MS) applying the isotopic dilution technique. Concentrations of PCDFs were 20 to 600 fold higher than for PCDDs. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were in the range of 11–62 and 1254–7180 pg/g respectively. Fly ashes from coal-burning power plants were found to be potential sources of PCDFs.     

Polychlorinated naphthalene concentrations and profiles in cheese and butter,and comparisons with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin,polychlorinated dibenzofuran and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are candidates for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. PCNs are structurally and toxicologically similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and its analogues. Intake in food is considered to be an important human exposure pathway for PCNs. In this preliminary study, cheese and butter samples were analysed for PCNs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using an isotope dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PCN concentrations in the cheese and butter samples and to compare them with the PCDD, PCDF and PCB concentrations. The PCN concentrations were 5.6–103 pg g^?1 of wet weight in the seven cheese samples tested and 5.0–199 pg g^?1 of wet weight in the seven butter samples tested. The mass concentrations of lower chlorinated congeners were greater than those of the higher chlorinated congeners. Congeners of CN45/36, CN27/30 and CN33/34/37 were much more abundant than other congeners found in tetrachlorinated PCNs. Congeners of CN51, CN66/67 and CN73 were determined to be the predominant congeners in penta-, hexa- and heptachlorinated homologs, respectively. The PCNs contributed around 5% of the total PCN, PCDD, PCDF and PCB toxic equivalence (TEQ) values. CN73 was found to be the dominant PCN congener and contributed more than 40% to the PCN TEQ value. Congeners CN66/67, CN69 and CN63 were also found at relatively high levels. The PCB congener CB118 was the predominant congener (by mass-based concentration) of the 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs). The PCBs contributed 53.8% of the total TEQ, and congener CB126 contributed more than any other compound that was analysed to the total TEQ. The PCDDs and PCDFs contributed 11.6% and 29.7% of the total TEQ values, respectively.     

Characteristics of major dioxin/furan congeners in melted slag of ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in slag of fly ash from three municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators were analyzed to observe any changes in characteristics and distribution of their congeners by melting process. Actual concentration and Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) concentration profiles of 17 major congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs for gas, fly ash and melted slag were compared. The distributions of PCDDs/PCDFs in different streams macroscopically showed similarities with the generally known profiles for emission gas from a municipal waste incinerator. The total concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs in off-gas and fly ash have been known to be a function of incineration conditions and of air pollution control device utilization; however, their normalized distributions were independent of such conditions. The concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs in the melted slag of fly ash were not related to the concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs congeners in fly ash but were rather a function of the melting furnace type and operation. The total amount of PCDDs/PCDFs in the melted slag of fly ash contained almost 150–27,000 times less dioxin than that in fly ash, however, the TEQ of dioxin in the slag was reduced by 435–43,500 times, which could enable them to be utilized as recycled construction materials. In normalized TEQ concentration profiles of 17 congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs, the ratio of PCDFs to PCDDs changed from 1.32 to 2.19 by melting, which showed relatively higher portion of furans left in melted slag than those in fly ash. By comparing reduction ratios of different congeners, PCDDs (dioxins) were relatively easier to destruct than PCDFs (furans) during melting process. The most difficult congener to destruct could be octa-chlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) among major congeners. For slag cooling methods, dioxin concentration in TEQ of slow cooled slag by air was four times higher than that of fast cooled slag by water. Thus cooling by water is more appropriate with the added beneficial effect of producing granules/particles, which can be utilized as roadbed materials.