爆炸容器

爆炸容器通常是指一定的爆炸物在其中爆炸时,对周围环境不造成损坏和污染的一种密封压力容器。一般用来进行爆炸加工的车间化生产或作为爆轰及爆炸效应的试验研究之用,也可作为某种特殊要求的安全防护构件。根据使用目的和设计原则来区分,爆炸容器可以分为单次或短期使用和长期重复使用等两大类,虽然两者都要求在使用过程中保证不发生破裂和渗漏现象,但前者可以允许容器塑性变形,后者则要求在任何情形下变形都必须是弹性的。本文主要介绍爆炸加工和科学研究用的爆炸容器。对这类容器的要求是药量大、声响小、安全可靠、操作方便并能作为一项基本设备长期使用。     

瓦斯爆炸诱导沉积煤尘爆炸的数值模拟

建立了描述瓦斯爆炸卷扬沉积煤尘参与爆炸的物理和数学模型,借助流场模拟平台,对瓦斯爆炸 卷扬沉积煤尘参与爆炸的过程进行了数值模拟;并把模拟值与实验值进行了对比;对爆炸过程中的速度场和 温度场进行了深入的分析。通过比较分析爆炸压力、速度场以及温度场,认为模拟结果清楚地展现了沉积煤 尘的扬起和爆炸过程,达到了瓦斯爆炸诱导沉积煤尘爆炸数值模拟的要求。     

从爆炸力学的观点分析世贸大厦塔楼倒塌的过程

运用气体爆炸以及爆炸力学的基本理论对飞机撞击世贸大厦塔楼以及塔楼随后的倒塌过程进行了初步分析研究,并对世贸大厦北楼先撞而后倒,南楼后撞而先倒的原因也进行了分析。     

圆柱形爆炸容器的内壁爆炸载荷

爆炸容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的确定是容器动态响应特征研究、容器结构设计及安全评估的基础。对自行研制的组合式圆柱形爆炸容器开展了系列内爆加载试验,测量了容器内壁几个典型位置所受爆炸载荷,并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对容器内爆载荷的形成和传播全过程进行了数值模拟。通过对试验结果进行分析,获得了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的特征及其分布规律,并拟合出容器圆柱形壳体部分所受载荷首脉冲的峰值压力、正压作用时间和比冲量经验计算公式、容器内部准静态压力经验计算公式。通过对数值模拟结果进行分析,阐明了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷特征和分布规律的形成机理。研究结果表明,椭球端盖内壁产生的马赫反射波在端盖极点汇聚,使得极点所受载荷峰值压力及单次脉冲比冲量峰值总是所有测点中最大的,峰值压力最高可达圆柱壳所受最大压力的2.79倍,应予以足够重视。     

圆柱形爆炸容器的内壁爆炸载荷

爆炸容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的确定是容器动态响应特征研究、容器结构设计及安全评估的基础。对自行研制的组合式圆柱形爆炸容器开展了系列内爆加载试验,测量了容器内壁几个典型位置所受爆炸载荷,并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对容器内爆载荷的形成和传播全过程进行了数值模拟。通过对试验结果进行分析,获得了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷的特征及其分布规律,并拟合出容器圆柱形壳体部分所受载荷首脉冲的峰值压力、正压作用时间和比冲量经验计算公式、容器内部准静态压力经验计算公式。通过对数值模拟结果进行分析,阐明了容器内壁所受爆炸载荷特征和分布规律的形成机理。研究结果表明,椭球端盖内壁产生的马赫反射波在端盖极点汇聚,使得极点所受载荷峰值压力及单次脉冲比冲量峰值总是所有测点中最大的,峰值压力最高可达圆柱壳所受最大压力的2.79倍,应予以足够重视。     

粉尘爆炸

本文主要讨论粉尘爆炸机理及其防范。     

第九届全国爆炸力学学术会议第一轮(征稿)通知

正经中国力学学会批准,第九届全国爆炸力学学术会议计划于2012年7月底在青海省西宁市举行,本次会议由中国力学学会爆炸力学专业委员会主办,中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室承办。     

爆炸弹射器的设计与研究

本文是利用炸药爆炸所产生的高压气体为加载手段,导出了在低速的情况下,弹射器的弹丸质量、弹丸的速度、与药量以及爆炸腔的体积、加速段长度之间的近似关系,根据这一关系设计了爆炸弹射器初加载装置。并用实验结果与近似计算做了比较。     

密闭空间煤粉的爆炸特性

利用ISO6184/1和IEC推荐的20L球型爆炸测试装置,对4种规格的煤粉进行了系统的粉尘爆炸实验,探讨了煤粉的爆炸规律。得到了样品的爆炸下限浓度、最大爆炸压力,最大爆炸压力上升速率变化规律;分析了浓度、粒径、点火能量对煤粉爆炸猛烈度的影响。结果表明,粒径越小的煤粉,爆炸下限越小,而且在指定浓度下爆炸越猛烈。随着浓度的增大,最大爆炸压力和上升速率先增后减。样品3,峰值爆炸压力对应的浓度为400～1000g/m3,爆炸压力最大值为0.54MPa;点火头能量的增大在一定程度上促使反应更充分,从而爆炸强度更强。由于煤粉组成的特点,实验数据一定程度上说明了爆炸过程中气相燃烧的重要作用。 更多还原     

强爆炸光辐射脉冲辐照特征与爆炸当量的相关性

为定量分析强爆炸光辐射辐照特征及其与爆炸当量的关系,建立了用于描述光辐射输运过程的辐射流体力学模型。在算子分裂方法运用的基础上,采用温度梯度作为指示子进行并行区域的动态划分,从而实现较高效率的并行求解。在此基础上数值计算了千吨~兆吨当量下强爆炸光辐射的发展过程,分析表明:光辐射强度随时间呈现“双脉冲”变化,强度极小和强度第2极大时刻与当量的某次方成正比。光辐射总功率变化历程与光辐射强度变化历程相似,但受辐射源半径随当量变化的影响,其极值时刻会出现差异。     

Peripheral explosion in a self-gravitating gas ball and dynamic explosion of star equilibrium

The problem of peripheral explosion in a star initially at equilibrium is solved for an exponential density distribution. Qualitatively new flow modes, such as recurrent ejection of the star shell and partial scatter of its matter in interstellar space, are obtained. The critical energies corresponding to various flow modes are determined. Calculations conducted over a wide range of the determining parameters allow certain conclusions to be drawn concerning the possibility of explaining the phenomena occurring in the interior of pulsing and variable stars. The problem of dynamic explosion of star equilibrium, followed by the formation of a detonation wave travelling through a gravitating gas at rest, is also considered. It is shown that various solutions involving detonation may be constructed by choosing the adiabatic exponent and the exponent of the power density distribution. Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 157–163, May–June, 1998.     

On the initial stage of a point explosion in a radiating gas

A study is made of the initial stage of a point explosion in a radiating gray gas whose absorption coefficient is approximated by the dependenceK=x()e ^–n ,where is the density and e is the internal energy of the gas. It is shown that for n > —1/3 the initial stage of the process differs significantly from the solution of the problem in not only the classical adiabatic case [1, 2] but also in the case of a medium with nonlinear thermal conductivity [2–4]. The supply of energy to the medium at a point leads to instantaneous heating of the complete medium. The form of this heating is found analytically. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to investigate the behavior of the solution in the neighborhood of the center. It is found that for definite conditions at the center of the perturbed region there are formed a shock wave and a region of reverse flow of the gas.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 75–82, May–June, 1980.I should like to thank V. P. Korobeinikov for interest in the work and a helpful discussion of it.     

Strong explosion in a combustible gas mixture

Assume that a planar, cylindrical, or spherical point explosion takes place in a combustible mixture of gases. As a result of the explosion a strong shock wave develops and triggers chemical reactions with the release of heat. The solution of the problem for the case in which the thickness of the heat release zone is neglected (the infinitely thin detonation wave model) was obtained in [1–3].It was emphasized in [4] that these solutions can be considered only as asymptotic solutions for time and distance scales which are large in comparison with the scales which are characteristic for the chemical reactions, and under the assumption that as the overdriven detonation wave which is formed in the explosion is weakened by the rarefaction waves it does not degenerate into an ordinary compression shock. Here the question remains open of the possibility of obtaining such asymptotic solutions with account for finite chemical-reaction rates.In conclusion the authors wish to thank E. Bishimov for carrying out most of the computations for this study.     

Wave field of a directed explosion

We consider an underwater gas explosion in a cylindrical tank which is open at the bottom. The pressure field in the water is a toroidal compression wave with gradually increasing pressure behind the wave front. In the linear approximation the pressure shock occurs only under the cylinder with the gas. Filling of the lower portion of the cylinder with water alters the compression wave profile.The results obtained may be used in marine seismological prospecting for developing sources for exciting elastic vibrations which are not hazardous to the fish population, in explosive cleaning of filters in water wells, etc.