On the Zinc–Nickel Alloy Electrodeposition Mechanism

It is shown that during the zinc–nickel alloy electrodeposition in sulfate–chloride electrolytes, the predominant zinc deposition into the alloy can be caused by the generation of a film in the cathode diffusion layer formed of highly-disperse colloid zinc compounds.     

碳氮复合材料负载镍甲醇羰基化催化剂的研究

通过碳化由偏氯乙烯和丙烯腈悬浮共聚得到的前体,制得碳氮复合材料,将其负载金属镍后即得气相甲醇羰基化反应的催化剂。分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附、XPS、电子探针(EPMA)等方法对该材料及由其制得的催化剂进行表征,证明该催化剂中的镍呈高度分散的纳米粒子状态。采用固定床反应器对该催化剂进行催化性能测试,结果表明该催化剂在较低金属镍负载量及较温和的条件下即可具有较好的催化性能。该催化剂的最佳镍负载量为1.5%左右。     

Synthesis of Nickel Sulfide Particles by Solvothermal Process

Pyrite nickel disulfide and millerite nickel monosulfide have been successfully prepared by solvothermal method based on the reaction of Ni(NO3)26H2O and H2NC(S)NH2 in benzene and ethylenediamine (EDA). The final products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the solvent, reaction temperature and time on the morphology and phase of the products have been discussed.     

A Visible Light Driven Nickel Carbonylation Catalyst: The Synthesis of Acid Chlorides from Alkyl Halides

We describe here the development of a visible light driven nickel carbonylation catalyst. The combination of the large bite-angle Xantphos ligand with nickel(0) generates a catalyst capable of activating alkyl halides toward carbonylation at ambient temperature in the presence of blue light irradiation, and the reductive elimination of high energy acid chloride products. Unlike classical carbonylations, where the coordination of carbon monoxide inhibits the reactivity of earth abundant nickel catalysts, a CO-associated nickel is found to be the active catalyst in the reaction. Coupling the build-up of acid chlorides with nucleophile addition can be used to access various amides, esters and thioesters, including those of sterically encumbered substrates or with metal-reactive functionalities.     

镍-碳化钨微粒复合电沉积机理的研究

研究了在普通镀镍溶液中导电性微粒碳化钨与基质金属镍形成复合镀层的电沉积过程，实验结果表明，导电性的ＷＣ微粒在与Ｎｉ共沉积形成Ｎｉ－ＷＣ复合镀层的过程中，也遵循Ｇｕｇｌｉｅｌｍｉ的两步吸附机理，只是在电极表面，ＷＣ微粒的弱吸附覆盖度与强吸附覆盖度的比值，较非导电性微粒的复合共沉积体系的要小得多。     

Elevated Temperature Electrochemical Studies of Preoxidized Nickel Electrodes in the Presence of Sulfide

The electrochemical response of a preoxidized nickel electrode to increasing additions of sulfide has been examined over temperature range from 25 to 70 °C. In the presence of sulfide a stripping like response was observed at all temperatures. The results detailed show that as the temperature is increased the sensitivity increases from 3.4 to 13.5 A M^?1 for the determination of sulfide.     

基于硫化镍的C-反应蛋白免疫传感器的研制

本文合成了负载金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)的NiS纳米材料,通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将其固定在玻碳电极表面作为电化学生物传感器的固定基质。将C-反应蛋白(CRP)抗体固定到修饰过的玻碳电极表面,利用二茂铁甲酸标记CRP抗体,构建夹心型CRP生物传感器。采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)检测标记物二茂铁甲酸在0.3V左右的特征峰信号,该电流与培育的CRP抗原量成正比,从而实现对CRP的定量检测。传感器检测CRP的线性范围为0.01~500ng/mL,线性相关系数为0.9939,检测限为3.3pg/mL。     

水热微乳液法制备低维硫化镍纳米晶

以W/O型微乳液CTAB/正戊醇/正己烷/水为反应介质,以CS₂为硫源,在130℃水热条件下成功地合成了硫化镍二维纳米薄层片和一维纳米针(管).TEM结果表明,水热初期(5h)得到的是二维纳米薄层片,随着水热时间的延长(15h),层片结构消失,出现一维的空心纳米针结构.XRD谱表明,纳米薄层片主要为六方相NiS_1.03,纳米针则为NiS_1.03与少量针镍矿相NiS的混合物.所得的纳米层片很薄,其厚度小于10nm;纳米针的直径为30～150nm,长度超过1000nm.空心的纳米针及中间态结构表明,一维纳米针是由二维纳米薄层片卷曲而得到的.二维薄层片结构的形成可归功于微乳液互不相溶的二相环境下低的S₂-释放速率以及较高温度和压强下球形微乳液向层状相结构转变而得的二维软模板的导向作用.     

Anodic Dissolution of Nickel Sulfide in Acidic Cu(II) Electrolytes

The effect of ligands on the anodic dissolution of NiS in copper-containing acidic electrolyteswas studied.     

Recovery of Nickel Ions from Dilute Solutions by Electrodialysis Combined with Ion Exchange

The possibility of using inorganic ion exchangers based on zirconium hydrophosphate and a weakly cross-linked cation-exchange resin for continuous purification of dilute nickel-containing solution by a combined method of electrodialysis and ion exchange was studied.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 3, 2005, pp. 418–424.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Dzyaz’ko, Rozhdestvenskaya, Pal’chik.     

海胆状硫化镍空心球的制备及电化学性能研究

以乙二醇为溶剂,硫代乙酰胺为硫源,采取简单的溶剂热法成功合成了由纳米棒组成的海胆状硫化镍空心球,扫描电镜图片清楚地揭示了海胆状空心结构,XRD测试结果表明产品中存在α和β两种相结构,但主要组分为β-NiS. 跟踪产物随时间的变化,研究了海胆状空心球的形成过程. 先形成实心的海胆状结构,进一步熟化导致空心结构的形成. 作为锂离子电池的阴极材料,测定了海胆状硫化镍空心球的电化学性能,首次放电容量超过900mAh g-1,高于文献报道的理论容量,循环五十次后,稳定在约200 mAh g-1.     

Acetyl-cobalamin from Photoinduced Carbonylation of Methyl-cobalamin

Irradiation with visible light of a deoxygenated aqueous solution of methyl-cobalamin ( 1 ) under an atmosphere of CO and at ambient temperature converts 1 into acetyl-cobalamin ( 2 ). This carbonylation has potential relevance with respect to bacterial acetate biosynthesis from CO₂.     

螯合型羰基铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应的机理研究

报道了螯合型正方平面羰基铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应的机理研究. 通过含有两种与铑具有不同配位能力的授体的配体, 与四羰基二氯二铑形成螯合型正方平面阳离子配合物. 研究证明, 该类配合物在催化甲醇羰基化反应过程中, 其活性物种区别于文献报道的[Rh(CO)2I2]－阴离子. 配合物中铑与吡啶环上共轭N形成的N→Rh配键, 在羰基化反应过程中并非通常认为的断裂而是形成新的活性物种, 即配体与铑作为整体参与了CH3I的氧化加成及CH3COI的生成过程. 通过对相应的聚合物配体铑催化剂的研究, 进一步证实了这个反应机理. 这一结果, 对该类催化剂分子设计, 以及克服其工业使用中的催化剂沉淀失活等现象均有重要意义.     

Zinc Recovery from Wulagen Sulfide Flotation Plant Tail by Applying Ether Amine Organic Collectors

Separating oxidized zinc minerals from flotation tailings is always a challenge. In this study, a flotation tailing from Wulagen zinc mine in China (Zn grade < 1%) was processed using froth flotation with combinations of amines (OPA 10, OPA 1214, OPA 13, DDA) and Na₂S to study the effects of these amines on the zinc recovery as well as their interactions with other reagents, aiming to screen out a proper reagent scheme to improve zinc separation from extremely low-grade zinc flotation tailings. The results show that different amines led to different flotation performance, and the collectors were ranked as OPA 1214, OPA 13, OPA 10 and DDA in a decreasing order based on flotation collectivity and selectivity. An increase in the concentration of each collector increased the zinc recovery but reduced the concentrate zinc grade. Interactions were also observed between different amines and Na₂S and Na₂SiO₃, and OPA 1214 outdid the others in saving the usage of both the Na₂S and Na₂SiO₃. The measured adsorption of collector onto smithsonite was found to correlate well with flotation test results. It was concluded that hydrocarbon chains can be held accountable for the difference in the flotation performance with different amines. The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the stronger the hydrophobic association ability of amine, which is conducive to the selective amine adsorption onto sulfurized smithsonite particles and hence the smithsonite flotation.     

Formation of Nickel Sulfide Nanoframes from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Pseudocapacitive and Electrocatalytic Properties

Nanoframe‐like hollow structures with unique three‐dimensional (3D) open architecture hold great promise for various applications. Current research efforts mainly focus on frame‐like noble metals and metal oxides. However, metal sulfides with frame‐like nanostructures have been rarely reported. Starting from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we demonstrate a novel structure‐induced anisotropic chemical etching/anion exchange method to transform Ni‐Co Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes into NiS nanoframes with tunable size. The reaction between Ni‐Co PBA nanocube templates and Na₂S in solution leads to the formation of well‐defined NiS nanoframes. The different reactivity between the edges and the plane surface of the Ni‐Co PBA nanocubes is found to be the key factor for the formation of NiS nanoframes. Benefitting from their structural merits including 3D open structure, small size of primary nanoparticles, high specific surface area, and good structural robustness, the as‐derived NiS nanoframes manifest excellent electrochemical performance for electrochemical capacitors and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte.     

小锍试金铂族元素富集方法

研究了降低捕集剂镍用量的小铳试金铂族元素富集方法。通过测试,比较了重约０．５ｇ、２．５ｇ、２５ｇ试金扣的酸溶时间、铂族元素（ＰＧＥ）空白值。研究证明２．５ｇ试金扣既克服了常规试金扣和微型试金扣的缺点,又保留了它们的优点。经标准物质难证,铂族元素测定值与真值相符合。     

Ni—Pb／C催化剂用于乙醇羰化反应失活机理的研究

利用电子探针能谱（ＥＤＳ）、扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）对Ｎｉ－Ｐｂ／Ｃ催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，在２５０℃下，催化剂使用１６０ｈ仍有高的活性，未发现有积炭现象。但在３００℃时，活性下降，收率降至３０％。在高温条件下，Ｐｂ富集在催化剂表面上，使Ｎｉ＾０活性中心数量减少，导致催化剂失活。当温度回复到２５０℃时，催化剂活性又慢慢地恢复。这种失活是可逆的。     

On the Importance of Anion–π Interactions in the Mechanism of Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase

Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a flavin‐dependent enzyme that plays a physiological role in two important processes. First, it is responsible for sulfide detoxification by oxidizing sulfide ions (S^2? and HS^?) to elementary sulfur and the electrons are first transferred to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which in turn passes them to the quinone pool in the membrane. Second, in sulfidotrophic bacteria, SQRs play a key role in the sulfide‐dependent respiration and anaerobic photosynthesis, deriving energy for their growth from reduced sulfur. Two mechanisms of action for SQR have been proposed: first, nucleophilic attack of a Cys residue on the C4 of FAD, and second, an alternate anionic radical mechanism by direct electron transfer from Cys to the isoalloxazine ring of FAD. Both mechanisms involve a common anionic intermediate that it is stabilized by a relevant anion–π interaction and its previous formation (from HS^? and Cys‐S‐S‐Cys) is also facilitated by reducing the transition‐state barrier, owing to an interaction that involves the π system of FAD. By analyzing the X‐ray structures of SQRs available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and using DFT calculations, we demonstrate the relevance of the anion–π interaction in the enzymatic mechanism.     

Solubility of Carbon in Sulfide Melts of the System Fe-Ni-S

The solubility of carbon in iron-nickel sulfide melts at 1673 K was studied in the entire range of compositions of the Fe-FeS-Ni₃S₂-Ni tetragon. The boundaries of the stratification area were determined in this system upon its being saturated with carbon. Lines of carbon isosolubility are plotted in the tetragon field outside the stratification area.