硝酸酯分子几何构型的量子化学研究

运用MINDO / 3、MNDO 和AM1 三种半经验分子轨道(MO)方法, 通过SCF计算, 首次系统地获得了32个硝酸酯化合物分子的全优化几何构型。三种方法的计算结果与已报道的四个化合物(硝酸甲酯、吉纳、硝化甘油和太安)的实验结果相比, AM1法较好。所有硝酸酯的酯基(-ONO~2)具有近似不变的几何参数。直链烷基硝酸酯的键长和键角极为相近, 全部重原子均共平面。二元直链和四元硝酸酯具有对称的分子构型。     

硝酸酯几何构型,生成热和电子结构的PM3研究

用ＰＭ３ ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ方法，通过能量梯度全优化计算，得到３９个硝酸酯化合物的分子几何构型、生成热和电子结构。与实验结果和ＡＭ１计算结果进行了比较和评估。     

硝酸酯几何构型、生成热和电子结构的PM3 研究

用PM3 SCF-MO方法,通过能量梯度全优化计算,得到39个硝酸酯化合物的分子几何构型、生成热和电子结构。与实验结果和AM₁计算结果进行了比较和评估。     

硝酸甲与硝酸乙酯的结构、振动频率和热力学性质的密度函数 理论(DFT)研究

用密度函数理论(DFT)的BLYP和B3LYP方法,取6-31G,6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*六种基组,对硝酸甲酯和硝酸乙酯的几何构型和红外振动频率进行了计算研究.结果表明,B3LYP方法在采用极化基组(6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*)时计算得到的结果均较好,适用于硝酸酯类化合物的研究.而BLYP方法无论采用何种基组均不适用;运用校正后的B3LYP/6-31G^*频率(校正因子0.975)计算得到的热力学性质(C^o~p,H^o和S^o)与实验结果较吻合。     

硝酸甲与硝酸乙酯的结构、振动频率和热力学性质的密度函数 理论(DFT)研究

用密度函数理论(DFT)的BLYP和B3LYP方法,取6-31G,6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*六种基组,对硝酸甲酯和硝酸乙酯的几何构型和红外振动频率进行了计算研究.结果表明,B3LYP方法在采用极化基组(6-31G^*,6-31G^*^*,6-311G^*和6-311G^*^*)时计算得到的结果均较好,适用于硝酸酯类化合物的研究.而BLYP方法无论采用何种基组均不适用;运用校正后的B3LYP/6-31G^*频率(校正因子0.975)计算得到的热力学性质(C^o~p,H^o和S^o)与实验结果较吻合。     

硝酸酯化合物生成热的分子轨道研究

用MINDO/3, MNDO和AM1三种SCF-MO方法, 在全优化分子几何构型的基础上, 系统地计算研究了32个硝酸酯化合物的生成热, 与实验值相比, MNDO计算结果偏大很多; MINDO/3计算值与凝聚相实验值符合较好, 由于克服了MNDO法过高地估算原子之间Van der Waals核排斥能的缺点, AM1法给出了较满意的结果: 与七个气态实验值之间存在良好的线性关系(相关系数为0.992), 其间的平均绝对差值和平均差值分别只有10.28和-1.01kJ/mol。     

硝酸酯的热分解性能

分别在B3LYP/6-31G*和MP2/6-31G*的理论水平下,计算得到硝酸正丙酯、硝酸异丙酯、硝酸异辛酯和二缩三乙二醇二硝酸酯4种硝酸酯的O-NO2键离解能(BDE)。 采用常压DSC和高压DSC实验方法,研究了4种硝酸酯的热分解过程,获得热分解反应动力学参数。 常压下4种物质的热分解反应发生在气相区,当压力增大至2 MPa时,4种物质直接发生液相分解反应。 4种硝酸酯的O-NO2键离解能在很大程度上符合由实验分析得到的活化能,表明4种硝酸酯的热分解反应只是单分子O-NO2键的均裂反应。     

儿茶素结构和振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论方法B3LYP在6-311 G(d,p)水平上研究了儿茶素及其异构体表儿茶素分子的几何构型,计算结果与实验所得结构参数一致.计算了儿茶素分子平衡构型下的力常数,使用Wilson的GF矩阵方法计算了振动基频以及相应的势能分布,据此结合理论计算的光谱强度,对儿茶素分子的振动基频进行了完善合理的理论归属.     

关于立方晶体Mg2NiH4结构中复合体[NiH4]的几何构型

用相对论密度泛函法研究了立方晶体Mg₂NiH₄结构中复合体[NiH₄]的几何构型.晶体的环境用一个“切断”(Cut－off)的Madelung势来模拟.计算中分别假设了一个平面四边形NiH和一个四面体NiH的构型.对于平面四边形构型,计算的Ni-H键长及力常数与实验值相符;但对四面体计算的键长太短而力常数太大.研究结果表明;立方Mg₂NiH₄结构中对复合体[NiH₄]的选择是平面四边形构型,而不是四面体.     

水杨酸酯稀土配合物硝酸还原酶功能的研究

研究了水杨酸酯与硝酸稀土之间的配位还原反应。用紫外、红外、循环伏安等方法对配位还原反应进行了验证。红外结果表明水杨酸酯与硝酸稀土进行了配位;紫外、循环伏安等结果都表明在水杨酸酯稀土配合物的作用下,硝酸根被还原成了亚硝酸根进而成了亚硝基化产物,配合物起到了类似硝酸还原酶的功能。配合物化学式含有Ln(NO3)(H2O)(NO-MS)结构单元,Ln为La,Y等稀土,MS为水杨酸甲酯。     

酰氧基甲酸酯热分解反应的量子化学研究

本文用AM1方法研究了酰氧基甲酸酯热分解反应的机理,结果表明这类化合物可消除二氧化碳得到酯,也可消除烯酮得到烷氧基甲酸,后者比前者易于进行     

Molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations and cone angles of phosphine ligands

Molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations were performed on 54 conformations of 18 phosphines (PH₃; PH_3−nR_n, where n = 1,…3, and R = Me and Et, n = 1 or 2 and R =ⁱPr, and n = 1 and R =^tBu, PMe₂Et, PMeEt₂, and PPhMe₂, and PPh₂R where R = Me, Et, ⁱPr, ^tBu and Ph). The results are compared to those previously obtained from MINDO/3 and MNDO calculations, and to experimental data. Single conformer cone angles and weighted average cone angles were calculated from MM2 optimized geometries employing Tolman's general definition, and they are compared to Tolman's values, MINDO/3 results, and T.L. Brown's E_R values. Of the cone angle definitions used, the weighted average values are suggested as the best single representation of phosphine ligand sizes. The steric parameters (cone angle and E_R values) alone, and in conjunction with electronic parameters, are correlated with experimental data.     

15-冠-5硝酸钸的晶体结构

The crystal of 15-crown-5-cerium nitrate belongs to the monoclinic system. This intensities of 2856 independent reflections were collected using the four-circle diffractometer of type PW-1100. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method. The structure parameters were refined by block-diagonal matrix least- squares calculations to R=0.073. The cerium atom is coordinated by five crown ether oxygens and six oxygens in the nitrates     

Molecular mechanics of peroxides. I. Parametrization and conformational analysis of linear compounds

A force field has been developed for use in MM2 calculations of geometric and energy data for linear peroxides R₁? O? O? R₂ and tested in some of them (R₁, R₂ = H, Me, Et, Prⁱ, Bu^t). The field obtained yield results that agree considerably better with experimental and ab initio data than those afforded by the only set of estimated parameters hitherto available.     

双冠醚配位作用的热力学性质V. 双(苯并-15-冠-5)与稀土(III)硝酸盐在无水乙腈溶液中分子内夹心配位作用

本文用分光光度滴定法测定了双(苯并-15-冠-5)(1)与轻稀土(III)硝酸盐在无水乙腈溶液中, 20.0-35.0℃时分子内夹心配位作用的稳定常数, 进而计算了配位焓和配位熵, 并与母体苯并15-冠-5(2)的实验结果作了比较。化学计量法表明, 所有稀土硝酸盐均与双(苯并-15-冠-5)形成了1 : 1的配合物。从热力学的观点, 讨论了双冠醚分子结构、尺寸效应和空间构型等配位稳定性的影响。研究结果发现, 双冠醚(1)对于Eu^3^+具有较强的配位能力和配位选择性, Nd^3^+次之。配合物的稳定性主要来自于熵的贡献。     

咪唑在银表面吸附的理论分析

本文用EHMO紧束缚方法计算了咪唑在银(1,1,1)面上吸附的四种构型和吸附态的电子结构,得到咪唑在银表面上的优化构型为直立桥位吸附.按该方式,咪唑环上吡啶型氮原子的P轨道和邻近Ag原子s轨道之间形成多中心σ键.咪唑环上各原子的电荷布居在吸附后有较大的变化,表现出电子由银表面向咪唑转移,并进而使得环上N-H键解离能从吸附前的519.4kJ·mol^-1降低到吸附后的70.34kJ·mol^-1.这与实验中观察到的咪唑N-H键在Ag表面极易断裂的事实相符.     

The first example of a nitrile hydratase model complex that reversibly binds nitriles

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an iron-containing metalloenzyme that converts nitriles to amides. The mechanism by which this biochemical reaction occurs is unknown. One mechanism that has been proposed involves nucleophilic attack of an Fe-bound nitrile by water (or hydroxide). Reported herein is a five-coordinate model compound ([Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))](+)) containing Fe(III) in an environment resembling that of NHase, which reversibly binds a variety of nitriles, alcohols, amines, and thiocyanate. XAS shows that five-coordinate [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))](+) reacts with both methanol and acetonitrile to afford a six-coordinate solvent-bound complex. Competitive binding studies demonstrate that MeCN preferentially binds over ROH, suggesting that nitriles would be capable of displacing the H(2)O coordinated to the iron site of NHase. Thermodynamic parameters were determined for acetonitrile (DeltaH = -6.2(+/-0.2) kcal/mol, DeltaS = -29.4(+/-0.8) eu), benzonitrile (-4.2(+/-0.6) kcal/mol, DeltaS = -18(+/-3) eu), and pyridine (DeltaH = -8(+/-1) kcal/mol, DeltaS = -41(+/-6) eu) binding to [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))](+) using variable-temperature electronic absorption spectroscopy. Ligand exchange kinetics were examined for acetonitrile, iso-propylnitrile, benzonitrile, and 4-tert-butylpyridine using (13)C NMR line-broadening analysis, at a variety of temperatures. Activation parameters for ligand exchange were determined to be DeltaH(+ +) = 7.1(+/-0.8) kcal/mol, DeltaS(+ +) = -10(+/-1) eu (acetonitrile), DeltaH(+ +) = 5.4(+/-0.6) kcal/mol, DeltaS(+ +) = -17(+/-2) eu (iso-propionitrile), DeltaH(+ +) = 4.9(+/-0.8) kcal/mol, DeltaS(+ +) = -20(+/-3) eu (benzonitrile), and DeltaH(+ +) = 4.7(+/-1.4) kcal/mol DeltaS(+ +) = -18(+/-2) eu (4-tert-butylpyridine). The thermodynamic parameters for pyridine binding to a related complex, [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Pr,Pr))](+) (DeltaH = -5.9(+/-0.8) kcal/mol, DeltaS = -24(+/-3) eu), are also reported, as well as kinetic parameters for 4-tert-butylpyridine exchange (DeltaH(+ +) = 3.1(+/-0.8) kcal/mol, DeltaS(+ +) = -25(+/-3) eu). These data show for the first time that, when it is contained in a ligand environment similar to that of NHase, Fe(III) is capable of forming a stable complex with nitriles. Also, the rates of ligand exchange demonstrate that low-spin Fe(III) in this ligand environment is more labile than expected. Furthermore, comparison of [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))](+) and [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Pr,Pr))](+) demonstrates how minor distortions induced by ligand constraints can dramatically alter the reactivity of a metal complex.     

Visible spectra of some chloropentakis(alkylamine)-cobalt(III) complexes

All four spin-allowed transitions in the visible spectra of the complexes [Co(RNH₂)₅Cl]²⁺, R = H, Me, Et, n-Pr, and n-Bu, have been resolved and the relevant crystal field and RACAH parameters determined with a method previously described. The results appear to be consistent within the series and agree well with those reported in the literature for structurally related systems.