活性炭的zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响3.活性炭对阴离子染料洋红的…

测定了在不同ｐｈ下活性炭吸附阴离子染料洋红的变化规律，发现活性炭表面的电位（ξ）对洋红吸附量的影响起着重要作用。当溶液ＰＧＨ小于活性炭的零电位ＰＨ（ＰＨｚｐｃ＝６．２）时，活性炭表面带正电，这绎洋红阴离子具有静电引力，而当ＰＨ增大时活性炭的ξ电位下降，静电引力减弱，使得吸附量下降；另一方面由于洋红变色（ＰＨ３．５橙色，－ＰＨ６．８玫瑰红后），洋红我溶解度增大，所以导致吸附量很快下降并趋于零， 通过     

酪氨酸在活性炭/水界面上的吸附

研究了不同pH值介质中酪氨酸在活性炭上的吸附行为.结果表明,pH值4.2～6.1时吸附量较大,在酪氨酸的等电点时吸附量最大;酪氨酸被吸附的主要形式是兼性离子;酪氨酸离子靠VanderWaals力吸附在活性炭/水界面上.用介质pH值对酪氨酸溶解度的影响和活性炭的表面性质解释了实验结果     

活性炭对乙酸乙酯的吸附和再生

研究了活性炭的孔结构和表面化学性质及水蒸气存在对活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的影响. 结果表明,活性炭的微孔(＜1.70 nm)结构特征是活性炭吸附乙酸乙酯的主要因素,其表面性质对乙酸乙酯的吸附没有明显影响. 40 ℃下,具有丰富微孔的椰壳活性炭AC和Y2在乙酸乙酯入口体积分数为0.30%时,对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量分别为0.31和0.28 g/g. 在相对湿度低于40%时,活性炭对乙酸乙酯的饱和吸附量仍可达干燥条件下相应值的90%. 在180 ℃加热时可将吸附在活性炭上的乙酸乙酯有效地回收. 活性炭的吸附性能不受再生气体中所含少量O2的影响. 活性炭经6次再生循环使用,未发现其对乙酸乙酯的吸附性能发生变化.     

活性炭纤维对氙的动态吸附性能研究

采用动态吸附实验装置，研究了吸附温度、原料气浓度和原料气流量对活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能的影响。结果表明：在低温条件下（≤273K)，随着温度的升高，活性炭纤维对氙的平衡吸附量明显下降／同时，活性炭纤维对氙的平衡吸附量分别随着原料气浓度及原料气流量的增大而增大。     

共热解法制备葵花籽壳活性炭及对四环素的吸附性能

采用热解法,以磷酸为活化剂,以葵花籽壳为碳源,制备了葵花籽壳活性炭,利用扫描电镜表征了其表面形貌,采用平衡吸附法研究了葵花籽壳活性炭对溶液中四环素的吸附性能和对养殖废水中四环素的去除能力。结果表明,在20°C时,葵花籽壳活性炭对四环素的最大吸附量为244.1 mg·g~(-1);吸附平衡时间为30 min;当pH值处于4-8时,pH值对葵花籽壳活性炭吸附四环素的容量没有显著性影响;葵花籽壳活性炭吸附四环素的容量随着温度的升高而增大,表明四环素吸附是一个吸热过程;利用葵花籽壳活性炭去除含有四环素的养殖废水时,四环素的去除率达到96.2%。等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;四环素的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学模型。     

流动注射分光光度法研究离子强度对活性炭吸附阴离子染料的影响

利用流动注射分光光度法技术，考察了不同离子强度（NaCl)下，在水溶液中表面带负电的活性炭分别吸附3种阴离子染料的动力学行为．利用固-液相互作用方程，求取了活性炭-染料相互作用能．比较了无机盐中阳离子的种类对吸附影响的差异．结果表明：对于3种阴离子染料，离子强度的增大都起到加速吸附的作用：表现吸附速率常数、活性炭-染料相互作用能与离子强度三者之间存在密切的内在联系：在相同离子强度下，二价阳离子对吸附的加速作用要比一价阳离子的显著，但在同价阳离子之间这种作用的差别较小．     

活性炭表面含氧基团对苯酚吸附平衡及动力学的影响

煤基活性炭分别用烧失处理和HNO3氧化处理后得到不同表面性质的活性炭,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N2吸附、酸碱滴定及零电荷点(pHPZC)对活性炭表面性质及孔结构进行表征,研究了活性炭表面性质对苯酚吸附平衡和吸附动力学影响.经HNO3氧化后,活性炭表面含氧基团显著增加,烧失处理后,表面含氧基团尤其是羧基显著减少.苯酚最大平衡吸附量随活性炭表面含氧基团的增多而减少,吸附速率常数与碳表面含氧基团的量呈正相关,而吸附活化能与活性炭在一定吸附条件下表面所带电荷多少相关.随着活性炭表面含氧基团增多,吸附活化熵增大(负值减小),苯酚在活性炭表面排列的有序性减小.静态吸附与动态吸附实验结果都表明:在含氧基团较少而碱性更强的活性炭上,发生化学吸附的程度更大.     

孔结构对活性炭吸附水溶液中铅离子的影响

选取三种表面化学性质相近的活性炭(AC),通过等温吸附实验考察活性炭对水溶液中铅离子的吸附性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察活性炭的表面微观形貌,通过低温(77 K)液氮吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容,并分别以密度泛函理论(DFT)和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)法计算微孔和中孔的孔径分布.结果表明:选用的三种活性炭AC1、AC2、AC3在比表面积和总孔容上呈依次下降的趋势,但表面开放孔均匀分布的AC2,具有最高的饱和吸附量,孔结构类似颗粒堆积孔的AC3,具有与表面开放孔分布集中的AC1相近的饱和吸附量;通过对孔结构与吸附量的关联分析可知,在活性炭吸附铅离子的过程中, 0.4-0.6 nm的孔是有效吸附孔, 10.5-20.6 nm、20.6-55.6 nm、5.2-10.5 nm三个区间的孔则会对吸附产生阻碍作用.     

萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维上的吸附

研究了水溶液中萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维(VACF)吸附剂上的等温吸附.用多种吸附方程(Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubinin-Radushkevitch(D-R)、Dubinin-Astalov(D-A)、Langmuir-Freundlich(L-F)、Redlich-Peterson(R-P))对吸附实验数据进行拟合,考察了温度、pH和负载铜离子对萘吸附的影响.方程拟合结果表明微孔吸附容积填充理论对VACF吸附萘有较好的适用性,优于单层吸附理论.在20-40℃之间,萘的吸附是自发进行的,30℃以上时,萘的吸附量显著降低.提出了新的机理来解释pH较低时吸附量显著上升的实验现象.负载铜离子后VACF对萘吸附量降低.     

氢氧化镁改性活性炭对酸性品红的吸附

为提高活性炭(GAC)的吸附性能,采用氢氧化镁对活性炭进行改性,制得经济高效的改性活性炭材料。利用扫描电镜、XRD对改性活性炭进行表征;通过实验确定改性活性炭的最佳制备条件:氯化镁浓度为1.0 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浓度为0.5 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浸泡活性炭的温度20℃;吸附酸性品红吸附时间为150 min时,改性活性炭对酸性品红的吸附量为6.16 mg·g~(-1),而原活性炭吸附量为4.12 mg·g~(-1);热力学吉布斯自由能ΔH~00和焓变ΔH~00,说明该吸附过程是吸热和自发进行的,同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。     

活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附达旦黄规律的影响

The effect of pH on the adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon from aqueous solution has been studied. It has been found that the Zeta potential of the activated carbon has a great effect on adsorption capacity of Titan yellow. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption as a function of pH has been evaluated. The mechanism for adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon has also been discussed.     

钼酸根阴离子印迹陶瓷膜的制备与吸附性能

以三氧化二铝陶瓷膜为载体,以钼酸根阴离子为模板离子,1-乙烯基咪唑为功能单体,1,6-二溴己烷为交联剂,采用表面印迹和接枝聚合方法制备了能选择性吸附Mo(Ⅵ)的新型印迹陶瓷膜(IIP-PVI/CM).采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、热重分析及扫描电子显微镜等方法对陶瓷膜进行结构表征.研究了pH值对吸附性能的影响,当pH值范围为2~4时,IIP-PVI/CM具有良好吸附能力;动力学和热力学结果表明,IIP-PVI/CM对Mo(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附模型;当pH=4.0和温度为30℃时,IIP-PVI/CM对Mo(Ⅵ)具有良好选择性,Mo(Ⅵ)对W(Ⅵ)的选择性系数高达7.48;动态吸附结果表明,IIP-PVI/CM对W(Ⅵ)和Mo(Ⅵ)的吸附饱和时间分别为24和47 min,饱和吸附量分别为0.163和0.672 mmol/100 g,动态吸附时IIP-PVI/CM亦具有良好选择性;经9次吸附与解吸后,IIP-PVI/CM对Mo(Ⅵ)吸附容量仍可达到初始值的92%,再生和循环使用性能良好.     

Adsorption of tricarboxylic acid biosurfactant derived from spiculisporic acid on titanium dioxide surface

In the present study, adsorption isotherms of a polycarboxylic-acid-type biosurfantant, the sodium salt of (2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-decyl maleic anhydride) (DCMA-3Na), on TiO₂, zeta potential, and changes in particle aggregate size as a function of biosurfactant concentration, solid-liquid ratio and pH were systematically investigated. The adsorption of DCMA-3Na on the surface of TiO₂ shows a relatively weak dependence on pH, unlike the adsorption behavior of chemically-synthesized surfactants. Adsorption of DCMA-3Na still occurs at pH above the isoelectric points of TiO₂ due to the buffering capacity, which is due to three carboxylate functional groups in the hydrophilic moiety of DCMA-3Na. Since DCMA-3Na has three anionic head groups, the zeta potential of TiO₂ at pH 3 decreases very steeply from positive to negative values as the surface charges are neutralized by the adsorption of biosurfactants. Trends in zeta potentials as a function of equilibrium DCMA-3Na concentration are quite closely related to the changes in flocculation of individual TiO₂ particles.     

A Modular Approach To Study Protein Adsorption on Surface Modified Hydroxyapatite

Biocompatible inorganic nano‐ and microcarriers can be suitable candidates for protein delivery. This study demonstrates facile methods of functionalization by using nanoscale linker molecules to change the protein adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. The adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin as a model protein has been studied with respect to the surface modifications. The selected linker molecules (lysine, arginine, and phosphoserine) can influence the adsorption capacity by changing the electrostatic nature of the HA surface. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of linker‐molecule interactions with the HA surface have been performed by using NMR spectroscopy, zeta‐potential measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Additionally, correlations to theoretical isotherm models have been calculated with respect to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Lysine and arginine increased the protein adsorption, whereas phosphoserine reduced the protein adsorption. The results show that the adsorption capacity can be controlled with different functionalization, depending on the protein–carrier selections under consideration. The scientific knowledge acquired from this study can be applied in various biotechnological applications that involve biomolecule–inorganic material interfaces.     

碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附行为

碳纳米管有较大的比表面,有利于用作吸附剂。当前研究主要集中在对气体,尤其是对H2气的吸附。近年来,也有人将碳纳米管应用于环境保护领域,Long等使用碳纳米管除去二恶英,Li等用碳纳米管吸附溶液中的Cd^2 都取得了满意的效果。苯胺类化合物是国家严格控制的一类污染物,使用碳纳米管对苯胺的吸附研究尚未见报道。     

Dispersion stability of a ceramic glaze achieved through ionic surfactant adsorption

The adsorption of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) onto a ceramic glaze mixture composed of limestone, feldspar, quartz, and kaolin has been investigated. Both adsorption isotherms and the average particle zeta potential have been studied in order to understand the suspension stability as a function of pH, ionic strength, and surfactant concentration. The adsorption of small amounts of cationic CPC onto the primarily negatively charged surfaces of the particles at pH 7 and 9 results in strong attraction and flocculation due to hydrophobic interactions. At higher surfactant concentrations a zeta potential of more than +60 mV results from the bilayered adsorbed surfactant, providing stability at salt concentrations < or = 0.01 M. At 0.1 M salt poor stability results despite substantial zeta potential values. Three mechanisms for SDBS adsorption have been identified. When anionic SDBS monomers either adsorb by electrostatic interactions with the few positive surface sites at high pH or adsorb onto like charged negative surface sites due to dispersion or hydrophobic interactions, the magnitude of the negative zeta potential increases slightly. At pH 9 this increase is enough to promote stability with an average zeta potential of more than -55 mV, whereas at pH 7 the zeta potential is lower at about -45 mV. The stability of suspensions at pH 7 is additionally due to steric repulsion caused by the adsorption of thick layers of neutrally charged Ca(DBS)2 complexes created when the surfactant interacts with dissolved calcium ions from the calcium carbonate component.     

针铁矿对焦磷酸根的吸附特征及吸附机制

为深入了解自然水体中焦磷酸盐的迁移转化行为,以表生环境中广泛存在的稳定矿物-针铁矿为研究对象,系统研究了其对焦磷酸根的吸附过程,探索了不同实验条件下(pH值、电解质、时间、温度)针铁矿对焦磷酸根吸附的影响。 结果表明,溶液pH值从6.27升至10.99时,总磷吸附量从3.00 mg/g降低至0.75 mg/g;电解质浓度越低越有利于针铁矿对焦磷酸根的吸附;吸附剂对焦磷酸根的吸附量在最初1 h内增长较快,随后渐渐达到吸附平衡;溶液温度的升高对吸附量提高具有增强作用。 用动力学和热力学模型对吸附过程进行拟合,发现准二级动力学和Langmuir模型具有更好的适用性。 结合材料吸附焦磷酸根前后的表征,推导出针铁矿对焦磷酸根的吸附机制可能是以表面配合和物理吸附为主导。     

Bifunctional Cage‐Type Cubic Mesoporous Silica SBA‐1 Nanoparticles for Selective Adsorption of Dyes

Bifunctional SBA‐1 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with carboxylic acid and amino groups (denoted as CNS‐10‐10) have been successfully synthesized, characterized, and employed as adsorbents for dye removal. Adsorbent CNS‐10‐10 shows high affinity towards cationic and anionic dyes in a wide pH range, and exhibits selective dye removal of a two‐dye mixture system of cationic methylene blue and anionic eosin Y. By changing the pH of the medium, the selectivity of the adsorption behavior can be easily modulated. For comparison purposes, the counterparts, that is, pure silica SBA‐1 MSNs (CS‐0) and those with either carboxylic acid or amino functional groups (denoted as CS‐10 and NS‐10, respectively) were also prepared to evaluate their dye‐adsorption behaviors. As revealed by the zeta‐potential measurements, the electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent surface and the dye molecule plays an important role in the adsorption mechanism. Adsorbent CNS‐10‐10 can be easily regenerated and reused, and maintains its adsorption efficiency up to 80 % after four cycles.     

Differences in Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant AOT by Calcium Oxalate: Effect of Crystal Size and Crystalline Phase

The adsorption of anionic surfactant sodium diisooctyl sulfosuccinate(AOT) onto calcium oxalate monohydrate(COM) and dihydrate(COD) with sizes of 50, 100 nm, 1, 3 and 10 μm was comparatively studied to simulate the interaction between urinary crystallites and urine components. The adsorption quantity of different concentrations of AOT onto COD and COM with different sizes was detected using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The crystalline phase transition of COM and COD before and after adsorption was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The zeta potential of the crystal surface after adsorption of different concentrations of AOT was measured using a zeta potential analyzer. The adsorption quantity of AOT on COM and COD with different sizes was ranked in the following order: 50 nm>100 nm>1 μm>3 μm>10 μm. The adsorption quantity of COM was greater than that of COD with the same size because the density of the positive charges on the COM surface was higher than that on COD surface. With the increase of AOT concentration, the adsorption curves of the large-sized COM and COD(3 and 10 μm) were S-type, whereas the adsorption curves of the small-sized COM and COD(50 nm, 100 nm and 1 μm) were linear. The adsorption capacities of small-sized COM and COD were much greater than those of the 3 and 10 μm crystals. On the basis of the above results, we proposed a molecular model to summarize the absorption of AOT onto COM and COD crystals. Small crystals exhibit a large specific surface area and high surface energy. Thus, the adsorption capacities of them are stronger than those of large crystals. Overall, this study implies that small crystals can easily absorb anionic molecules in urine and may easily adhere to a negatively charged cell surface, thereby increasing the severity of cell injury.     

钙蒙脱土吸附镧的影响因素及其应用

以钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT)为载体,研究其对镧(La)的吸附。 采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素mapping分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、BET、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)对其晶型结构、表面形态、比表面积、化学结构进行表征,考察了La的初始浓度、pH值、温度对Ca-MMT吸附镧性能的影响,考察了载镧钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT@La)的除磷效果。 结果表明:Ca-MMT投入量为10 g/L时,Ca-MMT的平衡吸附量随镧的初始浓度增加而增大,最大吸附量为49.62 mg/g;随着pH值增大,吸附能力增强,pH=6时为最佳pH吸附镧条件,吸附量为38.36 mg/g;随温度的升高,其吸附量先下降再上升,20 ℃吸附能力最大,吸附量为41.23 mg/g。 Langmuir等温吸附方程推断其吸附属于单分子层吸附。 Ca-MMT不具有吸附磷效果,而Ca-MMT@La对磷酸根有很强的吸附能力,吸附量为7.24 mg/g,除磷率为72.41%,其除磷率随含镧量增大而增大。