《功能高分子材料》

全书共分17章，结合功能高分子材料的结构开发性能，制备方法及领域，对离子交换树脂，吸附树脂，离子交换纤维和活性碳纤维，高分子膜分离材料，高分子色谱固定相，高分子试剂。     

γ-Al2O3法制备复合多孔树脂及其调湿与甲醛吸附性能

复合多孔树脂以其调湿速度快、湿含量高等特点比传统多孔硅胶更适合作为智能调湿材料。本文利用氢氧化铝高温分解产生活性氧化铝并释放水蒸气的致孔途径制备出复合多孔树脂。通过TG、SEM、 FTIR、XRD和氮气吸附等手段表征了该树脂的形貌和结构特征,测试了复合多孔树脂分别在高湿和低湿环境的调湿性能和饱和湿含量,讨论了多孔树脂在不同温度条件的调湿性能和在25℃时对微量甲醛的吸附性能。结果表明：本文的致孔方法能有效地使树脂内部形成多孔结构。复合多孔树脂具有良好的调湿和甲醛吸附性能。在制备过程中通过控制树脂内部的孔参数,材料能将空间相对湿度在4h内调控并维持在50%-60%的范围之内,且不受温度变化的影响,甲醛吸附量为5.55ppm/g。材料可以作为智能调湿材料用于文物保护,为文物存放环境创造一个恒湿干净的空间。     

固体氧化物燃料电池关键材料及电池堆技术

本文综述了固体氧化物燃料电池的关键材料--电解质、阴极以及阳极材料,总结了目前的研究现状以及今后的发展趋势,阐明了各种材料的作用与意义.按照不同类别比较了各关键材料的优缺点,以及改进各种关键材料的方法与途径,为提高电池各个组件的性能,从而提高固体氧化物燃料电池的整体性能,即电池堆的性能提供参考.另外,本文对中科院上海硅...     

珠状硫脲缩聚螯合树脂的合成及吸银性能研究

本文采用悬浮缩聚的方法,以硫脲、甲醛及间苯二酚为基本原料,以无机盐为致孔剂一步合成了孔性珠状硫脲螯合树脂。其氧化-还原当量可达2.4mmol/ml,对Ag~+的螯合量可达3.25mmol/ml。本文研究了原料配比对树脂各种性能的影响,树脂对各种金属离子的吸附性及洗脱性能。结果表明,该树脂对Ag~+具有较高的螯合容量及选择性,洗脱率高,可反复使用。加入一定量的致孔剂可加速树脂对Ag~+的吸附速率。     

载镍炭化树脂催化剂的制备──树脂预处理及交换对炭化树脂表面性能的影响

球形炭化树脂作为催化剂载体具有许多独特的优点，为炭素材料催化剂开拓了新的前景。在诸多炭化树脂催化剂的制备方法中，离子交换－炭化法具有许多优点，是重要的制备方法之一。本文从Ｄ１５２大孔弱酸阳离子交换树脂为前驱载体，用不同的预处理方法先制成钙型Ｄ１５２树脂（Ｃａ／Ｄ１５２），然后同Ｎｉ的ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４＋水溶液、乙醇水溶液进行离子交换，再经炭化后制成了高分散度、高强度的栽体镍炭化树脂（Ｎｉ／Ｃ）催化剂。本文对各种制备条件与（Ｎｉ／Ｃ）催化剂的结构性能的关系进行了讨论。     

海藻酸钠与丙烯酰胺微波共聚制备高吸水树脂

高吸水性树脂是近年来得到迅速发展的一类新型的功能性高分子材料,由于其能吸收自身质量数百倍至数千倍的水,且具有优良的保水性能,因此被广泛应用于农业、林业、卫生用品材料、工业用脱水剂,医用材料、水凝胶材料等。反相悬浮聚合法是目前制备高吸水性树脂较先进的方法,具有制备工艺简单,树脂的物理形态和吸水性能较好等优点。海藻酸钠是从褐藻中提取得到,由于其良好的生物降解性和生物相容性,     

应用扭辫分析技术研究环氧树脂的固化行为

热固性树脂作为固体材料使用,具有优良的工程特性,如尺寸稳定性好、耐溶剂性好、强度和耐热性较高等。但是以往对材料性能有直接影响的树脂固化过程,却未能得到充分的研究。主要是由于热固性树脂的固化过程从低分     

改性强酸性阳离子交换树脂的结构和性能

本文对以多元共聚合成的改性强酸性树脂A—4的结构和性能作了较为详细的研究,并与国内外同类树脂进行了比较。实验结果表明,极性单体的加入有利共聚合反应和官能团反应的进行,使所得树脂的网状结构均匀性得到改善。A—4树脂是一种具有耐渗透冲击、耐压和抗氧化性能好的改性强酸性阳离子交换树脂。采用加入极性单体进行多元共聚是增强离子交换树脂的一种简单而有效的方法,自六十年代起就有不少专利报道,但至今未见商品生产。本文通过对以多无共聚得到的改性强酸性树脂A—4与国内外同类树脂的热分析(DSC),珠体溶胀性能,磺化速率的研究;抗氧化性能,耐压性和耐渗透冲击性能的测定;以及对卡那霉素的吸附试验,探讨了此类树脂的结构和性能关系。     

可溶性聚酰亚胺共聚物的制备及其性能

通过共缩聚及改变单体加料顺序和方法,得到了两系列共聚型聚酰亚胺,并应用Fr-IR、UV、X射线衍射、TGA、机械性能测试等方法,对所得聚酰亚胺树脂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,所得共聚型聚酰亚胺树脂成膜性能良好,能够得到坚韧且具有弹性的薄膜材料,其在400～450nm区域的透过性能良好,在有机溶剂中的溶解性能显著增强,并保持了聚酰亚胺特有的良好机械性能及耐热性能。     

ABS树脂研究进展

聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)三元共聚物即ABS树脂具有优异的机械性能、热稳定性能、耐化学性能、美学性能和加工性能等因而被广泛应用。本文综述了国内外ABS树脂的生产工艺和制备方法,指出了连续本体聚合法具有优势,但仍要与乳液聚合法长期竞争、共存,并重点阐述了ABS树脂的增韧改性用橡胶品种及其增韧机理,最后讨论了仪器化冲击试验机在高分子材料尤其是在ABS领域中的应用状况及前景,指出将显微技术与仪器化冲击手段结合可深层次地评价树脂材料的动态断裂过程与机理。     

Separation of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylates in dental composite after derivatisation to ionisable amines by capillary zone electrophoresis

Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylates (Bis-EMA) are transformed into ionisable amines by derivatisation in order to make the analytes applicable to capillary electrophoresis. For this goal, piperidine was added onto the C=C double bond of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ester group forming a tertiary amine with pKa values between 9 and 10. Formation of the derivatives was confirmed by electrospray ionisation MS. Commercial Bis-EMA is a mixture of homologues with different number of ethoxy groups; it is characterised by the average number of the ethoxy groups in the chains. These homologues were resolved by capillary zone electrophoresis at pH 4. It is shown for the product with an average of four ethoxy groups per Bis-EMA molecule that about seven homologues can be baseline separated when differing by only one ethoxy group. For Bis-EMA with 30 ethoxy groups in average, about 23 homologues could be differentiated. The high resolution power of capillary zone electrophoresis enables characterisation of commercial dental composite material concerning the Bis-EMA constituents.     

Raney Ni催化二亚糠基丙酮加氢制取长链烷烃前驱体的特性研究

采用Raney Ni为催化剂,考察了反应温度、压力、时间和溶剂对二亚糠基丙酮加氢制取长链烷烃前驱体催化性能的影响。结果表明,Raney Ni对二亚糠基丙酮具有很好的低温加氢性能,升高反应温度和压力均有利于加氢反应的进行,但过高的温度反而不利于加氢反应。在50℃和2.5 MPa下反应2 h,二亚糠基丙酮转化率达99.5%以上,饱和加氢产物的总选择性达到80.8%。此外,加氢中间产物的变化结果表明,二亚糠基丙酮的双键加氢容易程度为,烯键>呋喃环双键>C=O双键。Raney Ni 在甲醇溶剂中的加氢性能明显高于在四氢呋喃、环己烷或水溶剂中的加氢性能。     

Preparation of Silica Aerogel/Resin Composites and Their Application in Dental Restorative Materials

As the most advanced aerogel material, silica aerogel has had transformative industrial impacts. However, the use of silica aerogel is currently limited to the field of thermal insulation materials, so it is urgent to expand its application into other fields. In this work, silica aerogel/resin composites were successfully prepared by combining silica aerogel with a resin matrix for dental restoration. The applications of this material in the field of dental restoration, as well as its performance, are discussed in depth. It was demonstrated that, when the ratio of the resin matrix Bis-GMA to TEGDMA was 1:1, and the content of silica aerogel with 50 μm particle size was 12.5%, the composite achieved excellent mechanical properties. The flexural strength of the silica aerogel/resin composite reached 62.9546 MPa, which was more than five times that of the pure resin. Due to the presence of the silica aerogel, the composite also demonstrated outstanding antibacterial capabilities, meeting the demand for antimicrobial properties in dental materials. This work successfully investigated the prospect of using commercially available silica aerogels in dental restorative materials; we provide an easy method for using silica aerogels as dental restorative materials, as well as a reference for their application in the field of biomedical materials.     

Dielectric Analysis of Short-Term and Long-Term Curing of Novel Photo-Curing Dental Filling Materials

Highly glass powder filled photo-curing dental filling materials based on acrylic resins are used as an alternative for classical amalgam fillings for almost two decades. To improve the performance of the fillings nowadays nano-particles are introduced in these resins. However, surprisingly less is known about their curing kinetics and how it is affected by the composition of the resin and the kind of the filler. It is shown how the dielectric analysis (DEA) can be used to trace both the short-term photo-curing (Figure 1) as well as the long-term post-curing of such resins when measuring its ion viscosity. Especially if assisted by other thermo-analytical methods the DEA allows for a deeper insight in the processes occurring in the dental filling materials. Long-term measurements over several days using DEA and DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) exhibit that there are going on significant changes of the properties of the dental material which are relevant for the long-term performance (Figure 2). The DEA is an easy to handle and cost efficient method to investigate the curing kinetic either for dental composite material engineering as well as for quality insurance purposes.     

樟脑醌/乙二醇-3-吗啡啉基丙酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯引发牙科复合树脂的光聚合动力学研究

采用Photo-DSC研究了樟脑醌(CQ)/乙二醇-3-吗啡啉基丙酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯(EGMPM)可见光引发牙科复合树脂聚合的动力学过程.考察了CQ浓度、EGMPM浓度以及光强对牙科修复复合树脂光聚合动力学的影响.结果表明:增加引发体系的浓度和增加光强都可以增加反应速率和转化率;同时实验结果验证了Rp∝(I₀[CQ][EGMPM])^1/2的动力学关系.     

Gold-catalyzed approach to multisubstituted fulvenes via cycloisomerization of furan/ynes

A new approach to functionalized fulvenes with an enone or enal moiety has been developed through gold-catalyzed intramolecular cycloisomerization of furan/ynes with a two-carbon tether in between the furan and the triple bond. The reaction proceeds with complete regioselectivity via a 6-endo-cyclization and high stereoselectivity. Moreover, the E- or Z-stereochemistry of the double bond in fulvene products can be easily controlled by performing the reaction in different solvents.     

3-位环庚烷(酰)基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPP-a)为起始原料, 在对其E-环羰基进行保护的前提下, 经焦脱镁叶绿酸-d甲酯与环庚基溴化镁进行Grignard反应; 所生成新的卟吩仲醇再经脱保护、脱水和氧化等诸多反应, 将3-位仲羟基转化成碳碳双键和羰基, 其碳氧双键再行Grignard反应并脱水成烯, 完成一系列未见报道的3-位环庚基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯衍生物的合成. 其化学结构均经UV, IR, ¹H NMR及元素分析予以证实.     

一种长链叔胺pH敏感抗菌牙体修复材料的合成与抗菌性能

口腔粘结剂常被用于粘结复合树脂和牙本质或牙釉质,但由于残留细菌会导致继发龋病从而使得粘结剂修复体不能提供长期疗效,目前市场上使用的粘结剂均无法避免细菌滋生。本文采用两步法合成了一种甲基丙烯酸酯基封端的长链叔胺,通过柱层析进行纯化,其结构经¹H NMR和FT-IR表征,并对其抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：该材料可通过质子化作用提升口腔pH值抑制细菌滋生。     

Synthesis of a propyldimethylphenylsilane stationary phase using the allyl bonded phase as an intermediate

Summary A propyldimethylphenylsilane stationary phase was prepared by a hydrosilylation reaction on the double bond of an allyl bonded phase intermediate. The carbon load on the silica was between 8.8–9.0%. Evaluation of the material by FTIR indicated high conversion of the double bond by the hydrosilylation reaction. The bonded material displayed reversedphase properties as determined by the retention behavior of alkylarylketones but it was less hydrophobic than either C-8 or C-18. The stability at both low and high pH was excellent. Separations of pharmaceutical compounds, a mixture of anilines, and a mixture of dopamine and epinephrine were satisfactory.     

Fluorescent penta- and hexaene fatty acids by a Wittig-Horner/elimination strategy

Molecular fluorescent probes have revolutionized biochemical and biophysical studies in the last decades, but with regard to lipids there has been a lack of combining the slim shape of saturated acyl chains with fluorescent properties. Our strategy to pentaene and hexaene fatty acids builds upon commercially available 4-(E)-decenal, which is subjected to a Wittig-Horner reaction after chlorination in α-position. DBU-mediated β-elimination of HCl proceeding the olefination establishes a highly conjugated system to which a salt-free Wittig reaction adds a final double bond leading to a good (Z)-selectivity of 83-86%. The double bond geometry can be optionally isomerized with I(2) to furnish the all-(E)-species. The five conjugated alkene moieties result in a longest-wavelength absorption maximum of about 350 nm. A red-shift to 380 nm was realized by addition of another double bond employing a common Wittig-Horner prolongation sequence. Stokes shifts of about 7300 and 7800 cm(-1), respectively, were observed.