强激光辐照下金属材料表面热力学效应

导出格林乃森参量随温度的变化规律以及热压强的表示式,建立了强激光辐照下金属材料表面附近的温度和应力所满足的数学方程,以Cu例,对激光辐照下材料表面的热力学效应作以分析.     

激光辐照环境对金属材料反射特性的影响

利用积分球绝对测量法,对在20 Pa真空缺氧、1 000 Pa空气,105 Pa空气及1 000 Pa氧气环境下,1 064 nm波长连续激光辐照30CrMnSiA碳钢材料过程中的反射光信号进行了测量,得到了30CrMnSiA碳钢在4种辐照环境下的反射率和温度变化曲线。结果表明：在空气组分辐照环境的低压到105 Pa范围内,材料初始反射率随压力增大而增大;在缺氧和富氧环境的激光辐照过程中,缺氧环境下材料反射率变化缓慢,且变化拐点温度高于富氧环境,富氧环境下材料被加热后的快速氧化反应有利于材料对激光能量的吸收;不同辐照环境（缺氧和富氧）相同材料温度条件下,材料反射率并不相同。     

激光辐照环境对金属材料反射特性的影响

 利用积分球绝对测量法,对在20 Pa真空缺氧、1 000 Pa空气,10⁵ Pa空气及1 000 Pa氧气环境下,1 064 nm波长连续激光辐照30CrMnSiA碳钢材料过程中的反射光信号进行了测量,得到了30CrMnSiA碳钢在4种辐照环境下的反射率和温度变化曲线。结果表明：在空气组分辐照环境的低压到10⁵ Pa范围内,材料初始反射率随压力增大而增大;在缺氧和富氧环境的激光辐照过程中,缺氧环境下材料反射率变化缓慢,且变化拐点温度高于富氧环境,富氧环境下材料被加热后的快速氧化反应有利于材料对激光能量的吸收;不同辐照环境（缺氧和富氧）相同材料温度条件下,材料反射率并不相同。     

重复频率激光辐照涂层金属材料的温升

测量了重复频率YAG激光辐照涂层金属材料(30CrMnSiA钢和LF6M铝金壳体)的前后表面温度, 分析了不同频率激光辐照涂层壳体材料的温升特性。实验结果表明:在相同平均功率的条件下, 激光脉冲频率越高, 对材料的加热效率越明显, 重复频率激光对材料的加热优于连续激光。     

重复频率激光辐照涂层金属材料的温升

 测量了重复频率YAG激光辐照涂层金属材料(30CrMnSiA钢和LF6M铝金壳体)的前后表面温度, 分析了不同频率激光辐照涂层壳体材料的温升特性。实验结果表明:在相同平均功率的条件下, 激光脉冲频率越高, 对材料的加热效率越明显, 重复频率激光对材料的加热优于连续激光。     

连续激光辐照下二氧化钒薄膜热致相变实验研究

 介绍了VO₂薄膜的相变原理,用磁控离子溅射法制备了VO₂薄膜,并进行了X射线衍射和不同温度下的光谱透过率测量。在1.319 μm 连续波激光辐照下,实时测量了VO₂薄膜的温度变化,以及由于温度变化引起相变后对激光透过率的变化。结果表明,入射到薄膜表面的平均功率为8.9 W、光斑直径2 mm时,激光出光480 ms后,VO₂的温度从室温上升到约100 ℃,薄膜发生了相变,其对1.319 μm激光的透过率从相变前的48％降为相变后的28％。     

连续激光辐照下二氧化钒薄膜热致相变实验研究

介绍了VO2薄膜的相变原理,用磁控离子溅射法制备了VO2薄膜,并进行了X射线衍射和不同温度下的光谱透过率测量。在1.319 μm 连续波激光辐照下,实时测量了VO2薄膜的温度变化,以及由于温度变化引起相变后对激光透过率的变化。结果表明,入射到薄膜表面的平均功率为8.9 W、光斑直径2 mm时,激光出光480 ms后,VO2的温度从室温上升到约100 ℃,薄膜发生了相变,其对1.319 μm激光的透过率从相变前的48％降为相变后的28％。     

激光辐照下金属靶表面汽化现象研究

用高速纹影诊断技术研究激光辐照下金属表面发生汽化的特征及蒸气发展运动过程,结合汽化模型给出了凝聚相表面温度与激光入射功率密度的关系。由实验得到了不同入射激光功率密度下汽化表面(凝聚相)温度,蒸气羽阵面速度,前驱空气冲击波速度。     

金属材料中高能重离子辐照效应的理论描述

简要介绍了高能重离子在金属材料中引起辐照效应的主要理论 ,特别是与电子能损引起的缺陷产生与演化、离子潜径迹形成、辐照相变以及各向异性塑性形变等效应相应的理论描述.Experimental results showed that, for high energy heavy ion irradiations, electronic energy loss could play a dominant role in damage process in solid materials. In order to explain the experimental phenomena and results, a series of theoretical models based on Coulomb explosion or thermal spike mechanisms have been proposed. In the present paper, more attention was paid to theoretical expressions of high energy heavy ion irradiation induced effects in metallic materials ...     

金属材料中高能重离子辐照效应的理论描述

简要介绍了高能重离子在金属材料中引起辐照效应的主要理论,特别是与电子能损引起的缺陷产生与演化、离子潜径迹形成、辐照相变以及各向异性塑性形变等效应相应的理论描述.     

Phase transformations in CaCO3/iron oxide composite induced by thermal treatment and laser irradiation

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)/iron oxide composites were synthesized through a simple one‐step impregnation procedure by mixing iron oxide nanoparticles (γ‐Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄) of about 6 nm in size and CaCO₃ microparticles (Φ = 2 µm–8 µm, vaterite phase). The morphology and structural properties of CaCO₃, iron oxide nanoparticles and CaCO₃/iron oxide composites were characterized as a function of low iron content (0 %w to 3.2 %w) by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. The phase transformations induced by thermal treatment and laser irradiation were investigated in situ by X‐ray thermodiffraction (XRTD) and Raman spectroscopy. We have shown that the phase transformations observed by XRTD are also observed under laser irradiation as a consequence of the absorption of the laser irradiation by iron oxide nanoparticles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phase transition on speed limit traffic with slope

Through introducing a generalized optimal speed function to consider spatial position, slope grade and variable safe headway, the effect of slope in a single-lane highway on the traffic flow is investigated with the extended optimal speed model. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the flux of the whole road with the upgrade （or downgrade） increases linearly with density, saturates at a critical density, then maintains this saturated value in a certain density range and finally decreases with density. The value of saturated flux is equal to the maximum flux of the upgrade （or downgrade） without considering the slight influence of the driver＇s sensitivity. And the fundamental diagrams also depend on sensitivity, slope grade and slope length. The spatiotemporal pattern gives the segregation of different traffic phases caused by the rarefaction wave and the shock wave under a certain initial vehicle number. A comparison between the upgrade and the downgrade indicates that the value of saturated flux of the downgrade is larger than that of the upgrade under the same condition. This result is in accordance with the real traffic.     

高功率二极管激光器相变冷却技术

根据高功率二极管激光器的散热需求,设计了一种储能式相变冷却实验系统,并开展了喷雾相变冷却器和微通道相变冷却器的设计。采用多孔微结构的换热表面,用氨做制冷剂,实现了喷雾相变冷却器表面温度37 ℃时,散热功率密度达到了511 W/cm2。采用节流汽化原理,分别设计了背冷式相变微通道冷却器和薄片型的模块式相变微通道冷却器,背冷式相变微通道冷却器采用氨做制冷剂, 散热功率密度达到了550 W/cm2,采用R124做制冷剂,散热功率密度约270 W/cm2。采用R124做制冷剂,实现了脉冲激光功率3 kW和连续激光功率100 W的相变冷却二极管激光器模块封装。     

脉冲功率3 kW二极管激光器叠阵的相变冷却

针对二极管激光器叠阵的高效散热冷却开展了研究,设计了基于R134a制冷剂的相变冷却系统和以节流式微通道相变冷却方式工作的冷却器,完成了脉冲功率3 kW叠阵的封装,并分析了制冷剂在热沉进出口的温度对叠阵出光波长的影响。实验测试结果表明:在20%的高占空比下,电流197 A时叠阵的输出功率达到3 030 W,插座效率为39%,光谱宽度小于3.8 nm,冷却器内R134a的气化率约为50%。制冷剂R134a的流量为0.60 L/min,仅为水系统的1/5,大幅减小了冷却液流量和热管理系统的体积。     

脉冲功率3 kW二极管激光器叠阵的相变冷却

针对二极管激光器叠阵的高效散热冷却开展了研究,设计了基于R134a制冷剂的相变冷却系统和以节流式微通道相变冷却方式工作的冷却器,完成了脉冲功率3 kW叠阵的封装,并分析了制冷剂在热沉进出口的温度对叠阵出光波长的影响。实验测试结果表明:在20%的高占空比下,电流197 A时叠阵的输出功率达到3 030 W,插座效率为39%,光谱宽度小于3.8 nm,冷却器内R134a的气化率约为50%。制冷剂R134a的流量为0.60 L/min,仅为水系统的1/5,大幅减小了冷却液流量和热管理系统的体积。     

金属材料的激光吸收率研究

针对菲涅耳公式计算金属材料激光吸收率所得的结果与实际测得的吸收率值存在一定的误差这一问题,在详细分析了激光热处理中金属材料吸收率影响因素的基础上,通过数值模拟,改进了金属材料激光吸收率的计算模型,并利用此激光吸收率计算模型(以铝、铜、铂、铁4种金属材料为例)进行激光吸收率的计算和分析,进而计算了3Cr13不锈钢激光吸收率的理论值,该值与用集总参数法测得的3Cr13不锈钢材料激光吸收率结果相吻合,从而验证了该改进的金属材料激光吸收率计算公式的正确性。     

Phase transition model of water flow irradiated by high-energy laser in a chamber

In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.     

纳秒激光作用下二氧化钒薄膜相变特性

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了VO2薄膜,应用X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱分析表明样品为多晶薄膜。采用泵浦-探针方法研究了二氧化钒薄膜的相变特性,实验结果表明当激光重复频率为160 Hz时,样品最小相变响应为12 ns,相变恢复时间与激光能量按照自然指数关系变化。仿真结果表明当激光能量一定时,二氧化钒薄膜相变恢复时间与衬底材料的热导率、热扩散系数有关。