On unbounded subnormal operators

A minimal normal extension of unbounded subnormal operators is established and characterized and spectral inclusion theorem is proved. An inverse Cayley transform is constructed to obtain a closed unbounded subnormal operator from a bounded one. Two classes of unbounded subnormals viz analytic Toeplitz operators and Bergman operators are exhibited.     

On subnormal operators

LetS be a pure subnormal operator such thatC*(S), theC*-algebra generated byS, is generated by a unilateral shiftU of multiplicity 1. We obtain conditions under which 5 is unitarily equivalent toα + βU, α andβ being scalars orS hasC*-spectral inclusion property. It is also proved that if in addition,S hasC*-spectral inclusion property, then so does its dualT andC*(T) is generated by a unilateral shift of multiplicity 1. Finally, a characterization of quasinormal operators among pure subnormal operators is obtained.     

Essentially subnormal operators

An operator is essentially subnormal if its image in the Calkin algebra is subnormal. We shall characterize the essentially subnormal operators as those operators with an essentially normal extension. In fact, it is shown that an essentially subnormal operator has an extension of the form ``normal plus compact'.

The essential normal spectrum is defined and is used to characterize the essential isometries. It is shown that every essentially subnormal operator may be decomposed as the direct sum of a subnormal operator and some irreducible essentially subnormal operators. An essential version of Putnam's Inequality is proven for these operators. Also, it is shown that essential normality is a similarity invariant within the class of essentially subnormal operators. The class of essentially hyponormal operators is also briefly discussed and several examples of essentially subnormal operators are given.

     

Dense invariant sets of common cyclic vectors for Jordan operators

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that various collections of cyclic Jordan operators have dense invariant sets of common cyclic vectors.     

Hyperinvariant subspaces for some subnormal operators

In this article we employ a technique originated by Enflo in 1998 and later modified by the authors to study the hyperinvariant subspace problem for subnormal operators. We show that every ``normalized'subnormal operator such that either does not converge in the SOT to the identity operator or does not converge in the SOT to zero has a nontrivial hyperinvariant subspace.

     

A note on supercyclic vectors of Hilbert space operators

Let H be an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space and T be a bounded linear operator on H. We show that if there exists $x\in H$ such that the closure of $\{\alpha T^{n}x:\alpha \in \mathbb{C},n?0\}$ is H, then there is a subsequence ${(n_k)}_{k=1}^{\infty }$ such that the closed linear span of $\{T^{n_k}x:k?1\}$ is not the whole space H.     

Tensor products of subnormal operators

We shall use a -algebra approach to study operators of the form where is subnormal and is normal. We shall determine the spectral properties for these operators, and find the minimal normal extension and the dual operator. We also give a necessary condition for to contain a compact operator and a sufficient condition for the algebraic equivalence of and .

We also consider the existence of a homomorphism satisfying . We shall characterize the operators such that exists for every operator .

The problem of when is unitarily equivalent to is considered. Complete results are given when and are positive operators with finite multiplicity functions and has compact self-commutator. Some examples are also given.

     

On quasi-similarity of subnormal operators

For a compact subset K in the complex plane, let Rat(K) denote the set of the rational functions with poles off K. Given a finite positive measure with support contained in K, let R2(K,v) denote the closure of Rat(K) in L2(v) and let Sv denote the operator of multiplication by the independent variable z on R2(K, v), that is, Svf = zf for every f∈R2(K, v). SupposeΩis a bounded open subset in the complex plane whose complement has finitely many components and suppose Rat(Ω) is dense in the Hardy space H2(Ω). Letσdenote a harmonic measure forΩ. In this work, we characterize all subnormal operators quasi-similar to Sσ, the operators of the multiplication by z on R2(Ω,σ). We show that for a given v supported onΩ, Sv is quasi-similar to Sσif and only if v/■Ω■σ and log(dv/dσ)∈L1(σ). Our result extends a well-known result of Clary on the unit disk.     

Unbounded operators having self-adjoint,subnormal, or hyponormal powers

We show that if a densely defined closable operator A is such that the resolvent set of A² is nonempty, then A is necessarily closed. This result is then extended to the case of a polynomial $p(A)$. We also generalize a recent result by Sebestyén–Tarcsay concerning the converse of a result by J. von Neumann. Other interesting consequences are also given. One of them is a proof that if T is a quasinormal (unbounded) operator such that $T^n$ is normal for some $n\ge 2$, then T is normal. Hence a closed subnormal operator T such that $T^n$ is normal is itself normal. We also show that if a hyponormal (nonnecessarily bounded) operator A is such that $A^p$ and $A^q$ are self-adjoint for some coprime numbers p and q, then A must be self-adjoint.     

Separating classes of composition operators via subnormal condition

Several classes have been considered to study the weak subnormalities of Hilbert space operators. One of them is -hypnormality, which comes from the Bram-Halmos criterion for subnormal operators. In this note we consider -hyponormality, which is the parallel version corresponding to the Embry characterization for subnormal operators. We characterize -hyponormality of composition operators via -th Radon-Nikodym derivatives and present some examples to distinguish the classes.

     

Cyclic vectors of diagonal operators on the space of entire functions

The purpose of this paper is to study cyclic vectors and invariant subspaces of operators on the space of entire functions having as eigenvectors the monomials zⁿ.     

Hyponormality and subnormality for powers of commuting pairs of subnormal operators

Let H₀ (respectively H_∞) denote the class of commuting pairs of subnormal operators on Hilbert space (respectively subnormal pairs), and for an integer k?1 let Hk denote the class of k-hyponormal pairs in H₀. We study the hyponormality and subnormality of powers of pairs in Hk. We first show that if (T₁,T₂)∈H₁, the pair may fail to be in H₁. Conversely, we find a pair (T₁,T₂)∈H₀ such that but (T₁,T₂)∉H₁. Next, we show that there exists a pair (T₁,T₂)∈H₁ such that is subnormal (for all m,n?1), but (T₁,T₂) is not in H_∞; this further stretches the gap between the classes H₁ and H_∞. Finally, we prove that there exists a large class of 2-variable weighted shifts (T₁,T₂) (namely those pairs in H₀ whose cores are of tensor form (cf. Definition 3.4)), for which the subnormality of and does imply the subnormality of (T₁,T₂).     

Jointly hyponormal pairs of commuting subnormal operators need not be jointly subnormal

We construct three different families of commuting pairs of subnormal operators, jointly hyponormal but not admitting commuting normal extensions. Each such family can be used to answer in the negative a 1988 conjecture of R. Curto, P. Muhly and J. Xia. We also obtain a sufficient condition under which joint hyponormality does imply joint subnormality.

     

On the commuting extensions of subnormal operators

We give some results concerning the following problem: Given a linear bounded operatorA which is subnormal on a Hilbert spaceH, andB its minimal normal extension on a Hilbert spaceK ～H, when can a quasi-normal operatorT commuting withA be extended to an operatorT ^e onK such thatT ^e commutes withB andT ^e is quasi-normal onK?     

Hyponormal operators with rank-two self-commutators

In this paper it is shown that if T∈L(H) satisfies

(i)

T is a pure hyponormal operator;

(ii)

[T^∗,T] is of rank two; and

(iii)

ker[T^∗,T] is invariant for T,

then T is either a subnormal operator or the Putinar's matricial model of rank two. More precisely, if T_|ker[T^∗,T] has a rank-one self-commutator then T is subnormal and if instead T_|ker[T^∗,T] has a rank-two self-commutator then T is either a subnormal operator or the kth minimal partially normal extension, , of a (k+1)-hyponormal operator Tk which has a rank-two self-commutator for any k∈Z₊. Hence, in particular, every weakly subnormal (or 2-hyponormal) operator with a rank-two self-commutator is either a subnormal operator or a finite rank perturbation of a k-hyponormal operator for any k∈Z₊.     

Dual disjoint hypercyclic operators

Let E be a separable Fréchet space. The operators T₁,…,Tm are disjoint hypercyclic if there exists x∈E such that the orbit of (x,…,x) under (T₁,…,Tm) is dense in E×?×E. We show that every separable Banach space E admits an m-tuple of bounded linear operators which are disjoint hypercyclic. If, in addition, its dual E^∗ is separable, then they can be constructed such that are also disjoint hypercyclic.     

Generalized Cauchy–Hankel matrices and their applications to subnormal operators

It is well‐known that for a general operator T on Hilbert space, if T is subnormal, then is subnormal for all natural numbers . It is also well‐known that if T is hyponormal, then T ² need not be hyponormal. However, for a unilateral weighted shift , the hyponormality of (detected by the condition for all ) does imply the hyponormality of every power . Conversely, we easily see that for a weighted shift is not hyponormal, therefore not subnormal, but is subnormal for all . Hence, it is interesting to note when for some , the subnormality of implies the subnormality of T . In this article, we construct a non trivial large class of weighted shifts such that for some , the subnormality of guarantees the subnormality of . We also prove that there are weighted shifts with non‐constant tail such that hyponormality of a power or powers does not guarantee hyponormality of the original one. Our results have a partial connection to the following two long‐open problems in Operator Theory: (i) characterize the subnormal operators having a square root; (ii) classify all subnormal operators whose square roots are also subnormal. Our results partially depend on new formulas for the determinant of generalized Cauchy–Hankel matrices and on criteria for their positive semi‐definiteness.     

关于某些次正规算子的表示

设T是完全非正规的次正规算子。给出了T＝N＋K的充要条件，其中N是正规算子，K是拟正规算子，且NK＝KN。     

Universal elements for non-linear operators and their applications

We prove that under certain topological conditions on the set of universal elements of a continuous map T acting on a topological space X, that the direct sum T⊕Mg is universal, where Mg is multiplication by a generating element of a compact topological group. We use this result to characterize R₊-supercyclic operators and to show that whenever T is a supercyclic operator and z₁,…,zn are pairwise different non-zero complex numbers, then the operator z₁T⊕?⊕znT is cyclic. The latter answers affirmatively a question of Bayart and Matheron.     

Seminormality of operators from their tensor product

The question of seminormality of tensor products of nonzero
bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces is investigated. It is shown that is subnormal if and only if so are and .