各向异性铁磁体的共振频率

利用旋转坐标系的方法,计算了各向异性铁磁体的磁化强度和共振频率。求得了共振频率和交换作用张量之间的关系,由这些关系式利用共振数据可以确定交换主轴的方向和交换作用主值。     

Exchange interactions and Tc in rhenium-doped silicon: DFT, DFT + U and Monte Carlo calculations

Interactions between rhenium impurities in silicon are investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT) and the DFT + U scheme. All couplings between impurities are ferromagnetic except the Re-Re dimers which in the DFT method are nonmagnetic, due to the formation of the chemical bond supported by substantial relaxation of the geometry. The critical temperature is calculated by means of classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. The uniform ferromagnetic phase is obtained with the DFT exchange interactions at room temperature for the impurities concentration of 7%. With the DFT + U exchange interactions, the ferromagnetic clusters form above room temperature in MC samples containing only 3% Re.     

Chiral symmetry and nucleon-nucleon scattering

The contributions of the minimal chiral two-pion exchange nucleon-nucleon potential for some selected observables are studied by means of the variable phase method. We conclude that chiral symmetry is responsible for important cancellations, which are related to those occurring in pion-nucleon scattering.     

离子注入结合离子交换技术制备KTiOPO4光波导特性研究

用离子注入结合离子交换技术形成了 KTiOPO₄ 平面光波导,研究了离子注入对离子交换波导结构的影响.使用棱镜耦合法测量了波导特性,结果显示形成了表面折射率升高的多模波导,通过背散射技术研究了离子交换后的 Rb 离子分布.实验表明,注入离子导致样品晶格损伤,在 2.8 μm处对离子交换形成了阻挡层,阻止了交换向KTP晶体的更深处进行.     

运动强度相关耦合J-C模型中的熵交换和纠缠

考虑一个运动的二能级原子与单模热光场强度相关耦合,采用量子约化熵研究原子和场的约化熵变化规律、原子与场的熵交换,用共生纠缠度研究原子与场的纠缠。并借助于数值计算方法,详细分析了在强度相关耦合J-C模型中,原子初态、热光场的平均光子数以及场模结构参数对熵交换和纠缠的影响。结果表明原子与光场的熵交换和纠缠均周期性地演化。选择适当的原子初态,可以使得原子的约化熵和光场的约化熵完全交换,这意味着原子与光场反相关。此外,场模结构参数增加导致熵交换的幅度减小,周期缩短。原子与热光场的纠缠随平均光子数的增加而减弱。     

黎曼面的单值化与刘维场论

讨论了带puncture黎曼面上刘维场的monodromy,计算得到了与Fuchsian单值化紧密相联的刘维场经典交换代数和4n²×4n²阶的交换矩阵,讨论了它与SL(2n,R)的联系及其它性质。 关键词：     

Exchange bias in nanopatterned Co antidots prepared by self-assembling polystyrene nanospheres

The exchange bias properties of nanopatterned thin films of Co, on top of which a native Co-oxide layer develops spontaneously, are studied by means of magnetic and magneto-resistance measurements. Both continuous and patterned films are investigated, the latter in the form of antidot arrays prepared with the self-assembling polystyrene nanospheres technique. The obtained antidot arrays are in the hexagonal close-packed configuration and cover a surface area of several square millimetres. Nanopatterned samples turn out to have a very good repeatability of their magnetic and magneto-resistive properties. The presence of a native oxide is responsible for the development of an exchange bias effect at temperatures below ~150 K, which has been reported both on hysteresis loops and on magneto-resistance curves; these consist of a superposition of an anisotropic magneto resistance (AMR) effect and a giant magneto-resistance (GMR)-like effect. The determination of the bias field by means of the two different sets of data is consistent and gives a complete picture of the phenomenology in this kind of nanopatterned magnetic systems.     

Transient relativistic thermodynamics of a system of particles with variable masses

This paper is devoted to the study in general relativity of the transient thermodynamical properties of a self-graviting gas, the particles of which may exchange mass during collisions. Such a work is carried out by means of the relativistic version of the kinetic Grad method which Israel and Stewart proposed. The transfer phenomena are investigated and the propagating velocities obtained.     

Nonlinear energy exchange among harmonic modes and its applications to nonlinear imaging

Nonlinear energy exchange and redistribution among the harmonic modes have been investigated. A problem with the pre-bias boundary condition, which means that in addition to the fundamental harmonic, nonzero higher harmonics with adjustable amplitudes and phases are also applied to the input simultaneously, has been considered. The results show that the pre-bias technique that is proposed in this paper may offer a better means for detecting the nonlinear properties of the medium. The feasibility of the approach was validated by computer simulation and experimental results.     

Shape-induced oscillation of exchange bias in the Co nanopillar with lateral oxidation

A modified Monte Carlo Metropolis method is performed to simulate the hysteresis loops of a laterally oxidized Co nanopillar with an excised arc or an inclined circular plane. At low temperature after field cooling, an oscillatory exchange bias is observed with excised length or angle of inclination. However, the behaviors of coercivity exhibit a monotonous decrease with excision but an oscillation with tilt. The phenomena are intriguing and corroborated by means of the microscopic spin configurations and the magnetization reversal mechanisms. The occurrence of oscillatory exchange bias in such a Co/CoO composite nanopillar with direct exchange couplings is mainly because of the shape inducement in the nanopillar, which results in the energy fluctuations of interfacial coupling and the nonuniformity of domain distribution.     

Connecting Spin and Statistics in Quantum Mechanics

The spin-statistics connection is derived in a simple manner under the postulates that the original and the exchange wave functions are simply added, and that the azimuthal phase angle, which defines the orientation of the spin part of each single-particle spin-component eigenfunction in the plane normal to the spin-quantization axis, is exchanged along with the other parameters. The spin factor (?1)^2s belongs to the exchange wave function when this function is constructed so as to get the spinor ambiguity under control. This is achieved by effecting the exchange of the azimuthal angle by means of rotations and admitting only rotations in one sense. The procedure works in Galilean as well as in Lorentz-invariant quantum mechanics. Relativistic quantum field theory is not required.     

Study of Σ~*-Δ Interactions

We study the Σ~*-Δ interaction in the chiral SU(3) quark model and in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model.In these two models,the short-range interaction mechanism are totally different,one is from the one-gluon exchange and another is from the vector meson exchange.The possible reasons of forming strangeness-1 bound states are given.Comparisons between the cases with and without quark exchange effect are made.The results show the quark exchange effect does give attractions to (Σ~*Δ)_(ST)=0 5/2 and (Σ~*Δ)_(ST)=3 1/2 systems,which means the special symmetry is important.Also,we make some analysis on chiral field effect,our results show that the σ exchange dominantly provides the attractive interaction for these two states.     

Chemical exchange magnetic resonance imaging (CHEMI)

Systems investigated with NMR spectroscopy are sometimes heterogeneous with respect to chemical composition, rates of chemical exchange, and other properties influencing magnetic resonance parameters. A method was developed to spatially encode reaction kinetic information and produce NMR images sensitive to chemical exchange. A modified spin-echo pulse sequence was used to allow chemical shift-selective imaging and chemical exchange encoding. 1H and 31P images with microscopic resolution were obtained which yielded chemical exchange as a function of position. Chemical exchange images of the base-catalyzed proton exchange of acetylacetone and of the enzyme-catalyzed 31P transfer between PCr and ATP were obtained at 8.4 T in phantoms at 360 and 146 MHz, respectively. These images demonstrate a means of investigating kinetic heterogeneity and compartmentalization of reactions that are important in the study of both living and non-living systems.     

Theory of tracer-diffusion in the wurtzite-structure with applications to hexagonal ice

A theory for the tracer self-diffusion by a vacancy mechanism in the wurtzitelattice is developed into which the effects of Bardeen-Herring correlation are included in a rigorous way. The isotope effect parameter is calculated for the limiting case in which the jump process may be treated as the jump of an individual particle and by means of classical statistics.As an interesting example self-diffusion in hexagonal ice is considered which occurs by exchange of entire water molecules with molecular vacancies.     

Influence of inter-dot Coulomb repulsion and exchange interactions on conductance through double quantum dot

Conductance and other physical quantities are calculated in double quantum dots (DQD) connected in series in the limit of coherent tunnelling using a Green's function technique. The inter-dot Coulomb repulsion and the exchange interaction are studied by means of the Kotliar and Ruckenstein slave-boson mean-field approach. The crossover from the atomic to the molecular limit is analyzed in order to show how the conductance in the model depends on the competition between the level broadening (dot-lead coupling) and the dot-dot transmission. The double Kondo effect was found in the gate voltage characteristics of the conductance in the atomic limit. In the case, when each dot accommodates one electron, the Kondo resonant states are formed between dots and their adjacent leads and transport is dominated by hopping between these two resonances. In the molecular limit the conductance vanishes for sufficiently low gate voltages, which means the Kondo effect disappeared. For small dot-lead coupling the transport characteristics are very sensitive on the influence of the inter-dot Coulomb repulsion and the position of the local energy level. The resonance region is widened with increase of the inter-dot Coulomb interactions while the exchange interaction has opposite influence.     

Lightweight hydrogen-storage material Mg(0.65)Sc(0.35)D2 studied with 2H and 2H-{45Sc} MAS NMR exchange spectroscopy

Using double-quantum (2)H MAS NMR with (45)Sc recoupling and Bloch-Siegert compensated (2)H-{(45)Sc} TRAPDOR we have identified the overlapping NMR signals of deuterium with and without scandium neighbors in Mg(0.65)Sc(0.35)D(2), a candidate lightweight material for hydrogen storage. At room temperature we also observe a third type of mobile deuterium. Deuterium mobility among the three NMR-distinct sites has been investigated by means of one-and two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (Exsy). Complete deuterium exchange within 0.1s is observed, which indicates that the three NMR-distinct sites are close together in the crystal lattice. The weak temperature- and MAS-rate dependences observed in Exsy are indicative for a combination of chemical exchange and spin diffusion.     

Calculation of the E.S.R. spectrum shape of the dynamic biradical system

The E.S.R. spectrum shape of a dynamic biradical system is calculated by means of the density spin-matrix formalism. The biradical is treated as a system which has two conformations characterized by the different values of the exchange integrals J=J ₁ and J=J ₂ and the lifetimes τ₁ and τ₂ respectively. The influence of both the rate and the strength of exchange interactions on the shape of the spectrum is discussed. Criteria to distinguish the spectra of the cases of both slow and fast exchange are discussed.     

Chemical exchange in KHSeO4 and NH4HSeO4 studied by two-dimensional NMR

The microscopic mechanism of proton transport in partially deuterated potassium hydrogen selenate (KHSe) and in partially deuterated ammonium hydrogen selenate (AHSe) were studied by means of one-dimensional Fourier transform²H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), two-dimensional²H NMR and dielectric measurements over a wide temperature range. In both systems, KHSe and AHSe, the slow chemical exchange processes of deuterons between different hydrogen bridges occur. It was established that the rates of exchange between deuteron sites, which are involved in infinite chains of hydrogen bonds, are approximately the same for both crystals. The rates of exchange between these positions and the deuterons in the dimer groups of KHSe are approximately hundred times more slowly. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the models of the microscopic mechanism of hydrogen transport for both substances.     

动态区域禁忌匹配策略提高新生换热单元竞争力

在优化换热网络过程中, 有分流节点非结构模型的换热单元会打破初始均匀分布状态向流股上游区域集中, 使得冷热流股入口区域无法生成新的换热单元, 造成结构变异能力下降。本文探究该现象成因及其对进化的影响, 并提出动态区域禁忌匹配策略: 上游区域空节点时允许自由匹配; 当上游区域节点非空时进行上游区间的清空操作, 即将生成节点等效向下游区域进行转移, 从而保障换热单元在上游区域的匹配活力, 增强新生成换热单元在结构进化过程中的竞争力, 促进换热网络结构进化。通过在算例15sp和20sp的应用, 发现该策略能够提升网络结构变异能力。     

Homonuclear zero-quantum recoupling in fast magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance

Solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR pulse sequences which implement zero-quantum homonuclear dipolar recoupling are designed with the assistance of symmetry theory. The pulse sequences are compensated on a short time scale by the use of composite pulses and on a longer time scale by the use of supercycles. (13)C dipolar recoupling is demonstrated in powdered organic solids at high spinning frequencies. The new sequences are compared to existing pulse sequences by means of numerical simulations. Experimental two-dimensional magnetization exchange spectra are shown for [U-(13)C]-L-tyrosine.