基于特征自适应选择的金字塔均值漂移跟踪方法

针对均值漂移跟踪算法框架不足以对目标帧间运动过大及快速尺度变化进行有效地处理,且单个图像特征对环境适应性较差.提出了一种特征自适应选择方法,通过分析目标与背景的特征区分度来选择出最有效的特征.将金字塔自适应分解和均值漂移跟踪结合,提出了金字塔均值漂移跟踪方法.采用背景加权直方图描述目标模板模型,核函数加权直方图描述候选...     

自适应窗口选取的Mean-Shift目标跟踪

当目标尺度发生变化时,传统Mean-Shift跟踪算法因跟踪窗口尺寸不变容易导致跟踪目标丢失,为解决此问题,本文提出一种带宽自适应算法对目标尺度变化进行检测,从而实现模板更新.该算法分别将模板图像与当前帧目标图像分割成等间隔半径的若干同心圆,通过计算模板图像与当前帧图像不同环层之间相似性度量,根据相应环层之间相似性度量关系确定当前帧模板带宽更新参量,最后利用kalman滤波完成模板尺度更新,从而实现目标稳定跟踪.实验证明,当目标尺度发生变化时,目标模板自动更新,能够实现目标稳定跟踪;相对传统Mean-Shift跟踪算法,目标跟踪可靠性能得到了提高.     

一种无线视频传感器节点协作跟踪方法

由于网络通信带宽以及节点能量等因素限制,信息的有效获取与能耗的平衡优化是无线视频传感器网络近期研究的热点,面向目标跟踪的无线视频传感器网络实现节能的关键在于节点的高效协作;文章目的在于研究一种无线视频传感器节点协作跟踪方法,通过综合考虑目标跟踪效果和节点能耗等因素,采用自适应混合高斯算法进行背景建模,分布式均值漂移算法进行目标跟踪,并构建一种基于效能函数的最优节点选择方法;实验结果显示该方法能在真实场景下高效地进行目标跟踪。     

一种基于算法融合的红外目标跟踪方法

视频目标跟踪的难点在于快速、准确地在帧与帧之间匹配目标.由于红外图像目标与背景的反差低,图像的边缘模糊并且灰度级动态范围小,使红外目标跟踪难度比可见光更大.本文提出一种针对红外日标跟踪的融合算法,该方法融合直方图和不变矩的特点.首先利用目标的直方图计算简单快速的特点,由均值平移算法快速找到局部最优解,但由于该局部最优解仪为直方图匹配的最优解,缺少目标形状特征,与实际目标位置存在一定的偏差;其次,利用边缘小变矩作为修正特征修正误差,避免跟踪误差逐渐累计而最终导致跟踪失败,以提高跟踪的稳定性和精度.实验结果表明,该算法能够消除跟踪过程中的漂移现象,提高跟踪精度.     

融合两类跟踪框架优点的红外目标跟踪算法

基于粒子滤波的算法模型框架,针对红外的目标成像与背景对比度低、背景复杂等问题,进行提取目标灰度特征,通过对系统概率的密度函数的采样集进行了预测和更新,来逼近系统的后验密度概率,初步确定目标位置,再融合均值漂移算法进行小区域精确搜索,确定目标位置。同时,通过调整均值漂移的算法和函数的带宽,对于红外目标有阻挡情况下的识别能够得到有效处理。通过仿真得到该模型具有算法高效、去除粒子的退化,并且对于有遮挡的红外目标能够进行实时稳定地跟踪。     

一种基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法

提出了一种基于LBP（Local Binary Pattern)纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法,将LBP纹理特征集成到了核跟踪方法中.根据目标各区域对背景的区分能力不同,提出了目标各区域置信度的评价方法,用基于区域置信度及空间距离核加权的LBP特征概率密度函数,构造了目标及候选目标的特征模型.通过相似性度量,利用均值漂移方法实现了基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪.实验结果验证了该算法在红外成像目标跟踪中较基于灰度的均值漂移跟踪算法更为鲁棒.     

基于多特征的双模板自适应更新跟踪算法

针对均值漂移算法中采用单一颜色特征以及缺乏必要模板更新方法的缺陷,提出一种基于多特征的双模板自适应更新目标跟踪算法。引入像素点邻域灰度均值差和分层空间信息加强目标特征的鉴别性,再通过对目标与背景区域双模板相似度系数的综合分析,准确地判断跟踪干扰因素的来源,并以当前帧目标区域的相似度系数为权值对目标模板进行加权更新,使得模板更新速度与其目标特征变化相适应的同时抑制模板过更新,较好地解决了模板更新时机和更新速度等问题。仿真结果表明,所提算法在不同跟踪场景下均具有较强的鲁棒性。     

复杂红外地面环境下的稳定目标跟踪方法

针对红外目标相关滤波跟踪过程中由于背景杂波干扰、目标遮挡和目标形变等情况导致的鲁棒性差甚至跟踪目标丢失的问题,提出一种融合跟踪-学习-检测方法和相关滤波理论的红外目标跟踪算法.该算法在传统相关滤波框架基础上,融合目标的方向梯度直方图特征和亮度直方图特征,改善了目标轻微形变导致的模型漂移问题.针对背景杂波和遮挡导致的多峰值响应问题,对目标背景区域的相关响应进行惩罚,建立目标和背景响应的多模态检测机制,实现目标由粗到精的定位,并采用自适应的学习率优化跟踪模型的漂移问题;针对目标被严重遮挡或脱离视野的问题,通过全局目标再检测,实现目标的重捕.实验结果表明,在复杂红外地面环境下,该算法有效地解决了相似目标干扰和目标被严重遮挡导致的目标丢失问题.基于OTB-2015视频基准序列和红外视频序列测试,对比多个主流的相关滤波跟踪算法,该算法在跟踪精度和成功率方面较长时相关滤波跟踪算法分别提升了5.6%和4.1%;在目标遮挡指标测试中,该算法在跟踪精度和成功率方面相较长时相关滤波跟踪算法分别提升了4.6%和6.1%.     

复杂背景下基于自适应模板更新的目标跟踪算法

为了提高复杂背景下目标跟踪的稳定性,在模板匹配失败时引入目标分割过程,根据新目标区域与模板的相似度分析得出导致匹配失败的具体原因,提出了一种新的自适应模板更新算法.根据模板图像各像素到模板中心的距离构造加权函数,对传统归一化相关算法进行改进,使新算法具有一定的抗遮挡能力.实验结果表明,该算法与固定模板跟踪算法和逐帧模板更新算法相比,在目标尺寸变化和被物体局部遮挡时,跟踪的连续性和稳定性更好.     

一种结合ORB特征匹配的均值漂移目标跟踪算法

针对传统的mean-shift跟踪算法基于单一颜色特征空间,在复杂背景下难以对目标进行准确跟踪这问题,提出了一种结合ORB特征匹配的mean-shift目标跟踪算法。该算法在mean-shift算法的基础上利用改进的ORB特征匹配算法修正目标跟踪窗口并实时更新目标特征模板,通过计算前后两帧图像中目标中心的欧式距离与色彩模板的巴氏距离来判定跟踪是否失败,当目标跟踪失败时,不改变目标模板,继续搜索下一帧图像中的目标。实验结果表明,与均值漂移算法和基于其他同类特征的改进算法相比,该算法提高了在复杂背景下目标跟踪的精度,并能满足实时性要求。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.