基于大视场人工复眼定位技术

针对大视场目标探测提出了一种基于人工复眼大视场定位方法.通过分析子眼视场角与总视场角之间的关系,并结合多目视觉定位对子眼排布方式的要求,研究了包含多个子眼的人工复眼结构设计方法.通过分析子眼图像与三维空间映射关系,对二维图像进行裁剪并映射于三维立体空间,实现了二维子眼图像在三维空间的大视场拼接.利用子眼图像坐标、空间三维坐标及系统参数间的关系,建立了空间点多目定位数学模型,并编制目标定位算法.制备了包含19个子眼可实现120°大视场角的样机,通过张正友标定法获得系统参数,并进行目标定位实验.实验结果表明,使用设计的人工复眼大视场成像系统对5.35m处目标进行探测,定位误差为0.19%.     

视场拼接复眼成像系统结构及装调方法EI北大核心CSCD

提出了以高分辨率、小视场的子眼镜头为中心,曲面阵列化排布多个分辨率较低、视场大的边缘阵列子眼镜头的人工仿生复眼的结构形式.基于物方视场空间应该保证无缝拼接并尽量缩小重合区域的原则,分析并得到子眼镜头在X方向和Y方向上视场角与复眼系统总体视场角的数学关系式,推导出了边缘阵列子眼镜头的周期阵列数n的数学模型,确定了子眼镜头在曲面上的阵列排布方式.依据曲面阵列排布形式设计了子眼镜头曲面固定本体,提出了利用自带光源的自准直经纬仪及计算机图像处理技术的装调方法.在实际装配和调整过程中,完成了中心子眼镜头和边缘第一阵列子眼镜头的安装,利用该系统采集图像数据,结果表明:物方视场空间的实际重合区域与理论设计一致.     

视场拼接复眼成像系统结构及装调方法

提出了以高分辨率、小视场的子眼镜头为中心,曲面阵列化排布多个分辨率较低、视场大的边缘阵列子眼镜头的人工仿生复眼的结构形式.基于物方视场空间应该保证无缝拼接并尽量缩小重合区域的原则,分析并得到子眼镜头在X方向和Y方向上视场角与复眼系统总体视场角的数学关系式,推导出了边缘阵列子眼镜头的周期阵列数n的数学模型,确定了子眼镜头在曲面上的阵列排布方式.依据曲面阵列排布形式设计了子眼镜头曲面固定本体,提出了利用自带光源的自准直经纬仪及计算机图像处理技术的装调方法.在实际装配和调整过程中,完成了中心子眼镜头和边缘第一阵列子眼镜头的安装,利用该系统采集图像数据,结果表明:物方视场空间的实际重合区域与理论设计一致.     

多相机式仿生曲面复眼的标定与目标定位

根据仿生曲面复眼具有众多子眼、多通道成像的特性,对多相机式仿生曲面复眼标定与目标定位方法展开研究,结合非平行双目视角下三角测量与相机坐标系映射的方法,提出一种仿生曲面复眼目标定位方法。根据复眼定位对子眼间具有较大重叠视场的要求,用Unity3D仿真软件设计了总视场角超过180°的17眼仿生曲面复眼,并制备了实物样机。通过张正友标定法,完成复眼系统中17个子眼的单目标定和38对相邻子眼间的标定,在此基础上,根据复眼相邻子眼间有较大重叠视场的性质,提出了一种不相邻子眼的外参标定方法,实现复眼坐标系的统一。搭建实验平台,结合RANSAC优化后的ORB特征匹配方法,用复眼样机对处于不同位置无人机模型进行三维定位实验,并对定位结果展开误差分析。实验结果表明,该复眼标定及目标定位方法应用于所制作的样机,能实现较高精度大视场目标定位。     

小型无人机载大视场复眼相机光学系统设计

针对小型无人机载大视场光学成像观测需求,设计了一款仿生复眼大视场微小型相机.该相机光学系统总焦距为4mm,F数为4,视场角可达106°,在500m的飞行高度分辨率可达0.5m.所设计系统由曲面排布的微透镜阵列、光学像面变换子系统、图像接收和数据采集处理单元三部分组成.仿生复眼中的子透镜采用双胶合透镜组合以减小系统像差,相邻子透镜在满足视场一定重叠率的前提下,可允许相邻多达7个子透镜同时对地面目标进行成像,达到目标定位和测速的目的.仿真结果表明无人机载大视场复眼相机系统在给定的公差范围内像质满足要求,每个通道的光学畸变可控制在1.2%以下.     

曲面仿生复眼测速技术研究

曲面仿生复眼相机具有大视场,对运动目标敏感等特点,在广域探测、内窥导管、精确制导等国防、医学及民用工业领域中有着广阔的应用前景,该文报道了基于曲面仿生复眼相机的高速运动目标测速技术研究。首先建立了基于曲面仿生复眼成像原理的测速模型;然后利用霍夫圆检测算法在原始复眼图像上找出每个子眼所在位置,并通过图像分割对相邻子眼之间重叠视场进行分析;最后再结合SIFT算法对相邻2个子眼的子图像进行特征点提取与图像配准,由提取出的特征点像素坐标计算出重叠区域像素数目,从而得到汽车的运动速度。设计了相关测速实验进行验证,实验中拍摄距离控制在6 m～10 m之间,对以8.33 m/s速度做匀速直线运动的汽车进行测试,测试结果表明,可将速度测试的相对误差控制在4%以内。与单孔径成像系统测速结果相比,曲面仿生复眼测速技术具有更高的准确性和重复性。     

一种大视场高分辨率的复眼光学系统设计

针对传统无人机载成像系统无法实现大视场与高分辨率共存的问题,设计了一款大视场高分辨率无人机载复眼相机系统,该相机由曲面子眼阵列、光学中继系统和图像探测器三部分组成。中继系统使用了非球面设计,减小了系统体积。单个子眼焦距为20 mm,视场角为10°,中继系统为一鱼眼透镜,焦距为7 mm,可将子眼阵列所成焦曲面像转为平面像。总系统视场达到122°×106°,F数为3,焦距为3 mm,在飞行高度1 000 m时对地分辨率为0.8 m。仿真结果显示,各个光学子通道调制传递函数（modulation transfer function, MTF）在208 lp/mm处均大于0.3,系统在给定的公差范围内像质能够满足要求。与现有无人机载复眼系统相比,该文设计的系统视场更大,分辨率更高,且体积更小。     

复眼式光学成像系统畸变测量与校正技术研究

复眼式光学成像系统在大视场侦查、图像识别、目标探测等领域较传统单孔径光学系统优势突出,但随着视场的增加,子孔径本身的成像畸变及多个子孔径的安装位置误差引起的畸变会直接影响拼接图像的质量。针对该问题,采用光电测量技术对复眼系统进行畸变测量与校正,生成多模动态电子畸变测量靶标,构建畸变测量校正模型,建立多项式拟合算法,采用最小二乘法获得畸变系数,通过双线性插值法模型对图像进行重建。实验结果表明,校正后的平均相对畸变优于0.1%,满足大视场复眼式光学成像系统的畸变校正和图像拼接的精度要求。     

基于虚拟双球面的仿生复眼系统标定

为了实现对空间目标的探测定位,对设计的仿生复眼系统的标定进行研究。介绍了复眼装置结构,根据复眼成像特点设计搭建了可以构建全视场靶标的标定平台,提出一种基于双球面虚拟靶标的标定方法。建立了复眼标定和定位过程中可以统一众多子眼坐标系的数学模型,详细描述了多通道同时标定或定位的具体步骤,其中包括系统的合理调节、靶点分布均匀性优化以及非线性映射方法选取等过程,同时通过计算机控制可以实现标定过程的自动化运行。在两个球面位置上建立了各子眼通道图像光斑点坐标和靶点角度之间的非线性映射关系。针对提出的标定方法进行了验证实验。实验结果显示,标定后的复眼系统在60°视场内目标定位相对误差优于0.5%,定位角度均方根误差为1.96mrad。提出的方法能够满足设计复眼的标定要求,且标定后的复眼能够很好地完成对空间目标的测量。     

曲面相机阵列多分辨成像方法

针对现有成像系统因数据冗余而无法兼顾大视场、高分辨、高效性的问题,结合人眼视网膜变分辨成像和并列式复眼成像原理,设计一种多分辨率成像的复合仿生成像系统.该成像系统按照球面和平面兼顾的曲面布局方式,利用11个相机镜头构建相机阵列,组成了四个等级分辨率的子眼拍摄模块.通过物距100 m的远景实验和物距10 m的近景实验发现,该系统在实现高分辨成像的同时,获得总视场达150.8°×37.8°.多分辨率成像实验结果表明,该系统获取的图像的分辨率从中心视场到边缘视场逐渐降低,并且相较于中心清晰全视场成像,四级分辨率成像的拼接图像数据量减少了17.2倍的数据冗余.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.