基于多重分形谱的光纤周界振动信号识别

为了有效识别光纤周界系统的振动信号,提出一种多重分形谱参数和改进概率神经网络相结合的光纤振动信号识别方法.该方法能够避免特征提取过程中需要选择经验阈值和模式识别过程中需要确定平滑因子的不足.首先,检验分析光纤振动信号多重分形的存在性和有效性.然后,计算和提取光纤振动信号的多重分形谱参数,构成能够准确描述信号非线性和复杂性特性的特征向量.最后,采用改进的概率神经网络算法进行自适应地学习和分类,实现对不同光纤振动信号的识别.采用现场实验采集的四种振动信号对该方法进行验证,结果表明,平均识别率达到96.25%,识别时间为1.63s.该方法在正确识别率方面优于传统的概率神经网络算法.     

一种新型智能化远距光纤预警的算法研究

提出一种新型智能化长距离光纤预警系统,研究了该系统在真实工作环境下的预测准确性。该预警系统主要分为分布式传感和信号识别两个部分,其中相位敏感光时域反射(Φ-OTDR)技术用于系统的分布式传感部分,而神经网络技术用于信号识别部分,以对入侵事件进行识别和分类。在信号识别部分创新地提出了一种改进型神经网络结构,并使用基于小波包分解的神经网络和具有三个隐藏层的神经网络等其他两种方法进行效果对比。最后,通过三次不同的实验,探究了系统的识别准确性。结果表明,基于改进型神经网络的光纤预警系统在入侵事件识别方面具有优良的分类效果,平均识别率达到95%以上。     

基于局部均值分解和串行特征融合的光纤周界振动信号识别

提出了一种基于局部均值分解(LMD)和串行特征融合(SFF)的光纤周界振动信号识别方法。该方法先去除噪声,提取振动信号的相关信息,再进行SFF以得到具有准确描述能力的特征向量,最后采用概率神经网络(PNN)算法进行学习和分类。利用不同单一振动信号和风雨天气干扰下的不同振动信号对该方法进行验证。结果表明,该方法在上述两种情况下的平均正确识别率分别达到96.0%和96.7%,识别时间分别为0.87 s和0.91 s,在敏感信息识别和特征提取方面明显优于传统的LMD算法和SFF-PNN算法。     

基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤周界入侵模式识别

针对干涉型分布式光纤传感系统,在通过Mel倒谱系数方法提取扰动信号频域特征进行模式识别的研究基础上,提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤入侵模式识别方法。利用还原信号的分级阈值判断并提取入侵信号,有效减少了分帧方法导致的计算时间;构建了基于入侵信号傅里叶变换后的频域信息的一维卷积神经网络,自适应地提取扰动的信号频域特征。搭建了基于直线型Sagnac干涉结构的入侵检测系统,利用大量实验采集的样本数据集对网络进行训练,得到了较好的分类识别结果,测试集的平均识别率达到了96.5%,并对训练后网络的卷积核以及经过卷积核后的入侵信号进行了分析。zscore标准化后,一维卷积神经网络能够识别信号频域中的部分特征,对频率成分复杂的树枝拍打信号识别效果提升较大。     

基于总体平均经验模态分解的光纤周界预警系统模式识别方法

针对光纤周界预警系统输出信号的非平稳特性,提出了一种基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的模式识别方法。预警系统基于Mach-Zehnder干涉原理,利用4条单模光纤构成分布式扰动传感器,实时监测周界入侵事件。该方法引用具有自适应性的EEMD算法将振动信号分解成多个本征模态函数(IMF)。根据不同振动信号能量各异的特点,提出EEMD能量熵的方法排除非入侵的干扰。最后建立双重支持向量机对入侵信号进行识别。实验结果表明:该方法可以有效排除非人为入侵的干扰,准确识别攀爬、敲击和其他虚警信号,平均正确识别率优于92%,提高了系统的报警识别率,降低了误报率。     

基于时/频域综合特征提取的分布式光纤入侵监测系统事件识别方法

针对分布式光纤入侵监测系统在室外复杂环境下误报率过高的问题,提出了一种基于时/频域综合特征提取的入侵事件识别方法。使用自适应幅值门限信号切分算法找出有效振动信号片段,在此基础上提取平均片段间隔特征。选取最大能量片段作为主要研究对象,提取片段长度和峰均比特征,并对其进行小波包分解,生成频域能量分布特征,组成时/频域复合特征向量,使用高性能的支持向量机多分类算法进行模式识别。实验结果表明:该方法对行人脚踩、自行车轧过、拍击围栏和剪切光缆这4种典型入侵事件的平均识别正确率达到了98.33%,相比于仅提取时域或频域特征方法的识别正确率均有显著提高。该方法对光路光功率变化不敏感,能有效提升系统的实用性。     

一种用于光纤链路振动信号模式识别的规整化复合特征提取方法

相位光时域反射链路监测系统是一种利用光纤作为传感介质的传感系统, 能够监测、定位、识别入侵信号.模式识别模块是其重要组成部分, 实时智能区分安全扰动和危险入侵.本文提出一种用于光纤链路振动信号模式识别的复合特征提取方法.利用改进的双门限方法确定有效信号段的起止位置, 结合最大能量与最高信噪比挑选出采样周期内主要入侵扰动的特征段.综合利用特征段时域持续时间和小波包能量谱提取复合特征向量, 使用支持向量机进行模式识别.实验表明, 基于本文提出的规整化特征提取方法的模式识别准确率有了显著提高.     

基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调仪研究

介绍了一种基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调系统.采用氰化氢（HCN）气体吸收池作为波长参考基准,采用三次多项式拟合的方法来确定光纤F- P可调谐滤波器的波长与驱动电压的对应关系,可调谐滤波器扫描过程中对扫描电压、多路光谱信号进行同步采样,实时标定.实验结果表明,该解调系统在1 510 nm到1 590 nm波长范围内对FBG反射峰值波长的分辨率为1.4 pm,长期波长重复性达到3.2 pm.利用该系统实现了对FBG反射峰值波长和光纤EFPI传感器腔长的高准确度解调.     

分布式光纤中的稳健时间延迟估计方法

在分布式光纤传感系统定位中,传统时延估计算法常由于噪声相关性较强而失效。采用一种削弱相关噪声的改进型广义相关法,并针对系统特点,为进一步改善分布式光纤传感定位的准确度与稳定度,提出了一种先对数据按事件信号进行分帧,再采用卡尔曼滤波器对分帧时延估计结果进行跟踪的时延估计方案。系统仿真实验与实际数据测试结果均表明:提出的时延估计方案能够有效抑制强相关性的噪声,提高时延估计的准确度与稳定度。经大量现场测试,本文的方案能够有效地将时延估计误差稳定地控制在0.2个采样间隔以内,能够满足系统实际定位精度要求。     

考虑垂直距离分级的光纤防外破识别算法研究

为进一步加强光缆的运行保护措施,提出了一种基于分布式光纤振动系统的光缆外破事件器械识别与垂直距离判断的双指标方案。通过实时采集光纤振动信号,分析时频域信号的多重特征,提取受影响光纤段、频率能量占比、频率峰值及分布等关键性特征,送入训练好的宏流形学习模型下,同时识别光缆外破事件的器械类型及垂直距离,并对垂直距离进行分级预警,高效开启对应的及时响应措施。案例结果表明,本方案在应用中的识别率高达90%,实现外破类型和垂直距离分级的双识别,大大提高了光缆外破事件的防御举措。     

Dynamic strain monitoring by wavelength locking between two fiber Bragg gratings fiber sensing system

We demonstrated a fiber sensing system using the method of wavelength locking of two identical fibers Bragg gratings (FBG) to interrogate the wavelength shift by directly measuring the intensity of the reflection from the sensing Bragg grating. The light source of the fiber sensing system is an EDFA fiber ring laser pumped by a 980 nm laser diode and a narrow bandwidth fiber Bragg grating for the filter of the ring laser resonator. The wavelength shift is converted to the intensity deviation of the reflection from the sensing FBG under strain variation, and is able to achieve real-time sensing of the dynamic strain sensing in civil engineering. The characteristics and key factors to maintain stability of the dynamic strain sensing system are discussed.     

Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tunable Fiber Gratings

In this paper, recent progress in the investigation of photosensitivities of polymer optical fibers and the development of polymer optical fiber grating is reported. Photosensitivities in various polymer fibers, including doped and undoped, multimode and single-mode polymer fibers, have been experimentally characterized and evaluated for fiber grating application. In particular, the wavelength dependence of material absorption and photosensitivity has been found essential to the fabrication of polymer optical fiber grating. Based on the results of photosensitivity research, polymer optical fiber gratings have been successfully fabricated. More importantly, polymer optical fiber grating has been demonstrated highly tunable, with a tuning range more than 70 nm. The unique feature of high tunability in polymer optical fiber grating has great potential in various applications including optical fiber WDM systems and fiber sensor systems. Several important issues that remain to be investigated will also be discussed.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Ytterbium-doped Y2O3 nanoparticle silica optical fibers for high power fiber lasers with suppressed photodarkening

We report efficient laser demonstration and spectroscopic characteristics of a Yb-doped Y₂O₃ (or Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticle silica fiber developed by conventional fiber fabrication technique. The spectroscopy study evidences modification in the environment of Yb ions by the Y₂O₃ nanoparticles. As a result, photodarkening induced loss is reduced by 20 times relative to Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers. The fiber is suitable for power scaling with good laser slope efficiency of 79%.     

Analysis of Longitudinal Mode Suppression in a Fiber Ring Laser Containing Two Optical Filters

We report the results from the characterization and optimization of a stable erbium-doped fiber ring laser that uses two optical filters. The observed laser performance and the measured longitudinal mode patterns are presented. The influence of the combination of the two optical filters on the mode suppression is evaluated. We obtained the matched condition for operation of the optical filters that most improved the laser performance. An estimate of the relative intensity noise due to the introduction of the laser in a communication system is also presented. As a consequence of the mode suppression, a sharp laser linewidth narrowing is con firmed.     

Effects of band mixing on the radiative properties of a quantum well

The effect of band mixing and non-parabolicity on quantum well gain and spontaneous emission is studied using k.p theory. Spectra of gain and spontaneous emission are strongly modified but the relation of maximum gain versus nominal current density is not strongly affected.     

Characterization of Fibers in an Existing Network for High Speed System (10Gb/s or Greater) Compatibility

With OC-192 communications systems being commercially available and higher bit rate systems in development, prudent telecommunications network administrators are testing their installed fibers to determine if they can be successfully used at 10 Gb/s and higher. Together with New Brunswick Telephone (NBTel), the Fiber Optics Group at UNB have tested various installed fibers and cables in the NBTel network for their losses at wavelengths of 1244, 1310, 1550, and 1625 nm, as well as for strain and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Weather conditions, age, place of installation, and cable types have also been considered. Aging does not seem to affect the performance of the fibers. Although most fibers are high-speed system compatible when looking at attenuation measurements, about 40% of the fibers tested would not meet the 10 Gb/s OC-192 system manufacturer's design guidelines concerning PMD.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验

克服死区是闭环光纤陀螺设计中需要考虑的重要问题.实验表明本文采用的方法可以方便地克服死区.这是国内报道的首例克服闭环光纤陀螺输出信号中死区的实验.     

Advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in china

The advance of optoelectronic devices for long wavelength optical fiber communication in China is reviewed. The main features of the long wavelength semiconductor lasers and photodetectors are presented.