光电经纬仪异面交会测量及组网布站优化设计

提出了一种基于空间两异面光轴公垂线估计目标真实位置及组网布站站址几何的优化设计方法.通过光电经纬仪观测目标方位角、俯仰角和基线长度,计算两光轴在待估目标上的两交点,得到目标位置的公垂线.依据两台光电经纬仪的测角准确度作为权系数,估计目标真实位置.通过误差仿真及定位准确度分析,研究了组网测量中交会角、方位角、高低角和基线长度对定位准确度的影响.     

温度和电场作用下保偏光纤对方位传递的影响

针对基于保偏光纤的非通视方位传递系统中温度与电场引起的方位传递误差,从非通视方位传递系统的工作原理出发,分别推导了基于温度、电场作用保偏光纤的方位角解算模型,并仿真分析了保偏光纤长度、热膨胀系数及电场振幅等因素对方位传递精度的影响.实验结果表明,当温度为20℃时,方位角解算误差对温度不敏感;当温度高于20℃时,方位角解算误差容易受温度、保偏光纤长度的影响,可通过调整保偏光纤的热膨胀系数、泊松比控制方位传递误差.电场大小和电场作用长度共同影响方位角解算误差,当作用角度为45°时,电场振幅不会产生方位角解算误差.该研究结果对保偏光纤非通视方位传递系统的环境适应性研究及系统测量精度的提高具有一定的指导意义.     

一种基于长基线交汇的超短基线定位系统精度评价方法

超短基线定位系统的定位精度和准确度是评价系统性能的重要指标, 通常采用固定点的定位重复度来评价定位精度, 采用其他解算方法作为真值参考评价定位准确度. 本文首先分析了以误差椭圆理论为基础的超短基线精度评价方法, 给出了理论推导公式, 证明了观测数据和理论误差椭圆的关系. 本文提出了一种基于长基线交汇的超短基线定位系统精度评价方法, 通过长基线交汇模型求解目标的真实位置评价系统的准确度. 根据该方法解算得到的待定目标位置作为真值参考, 能够反应系统误差的修正情况. 最后采用该方法进行海试数据处理, 处理结果表明该方法能够较好的反应定位精度, 进一步修正了系统偏差, 修正系统偏差后和修正前相比定位精度提高了0.2%, 具有良好的工程应用价值.     

长基线声学定位系统跟踪解算优化方法

针对现有长基线定位解算算法忽略阵型标定误差的问题,本文提出了一种结合声信标的标定误差和测距误差的待定目标解算方法。该方法利用观测数据的先验误差将观测数据连同带求解量一并构建平差解算模型,可以对待定目标位置解算进行优化求解。采用该方法对现有测量船只的跟踪定位实验进行数据处理,得到的跟踪定位轨迹平滑连续,和传统方法相比更接近于GPS输出结果,在深水环境下效果提升明显。理论分析和实验结果表明采用该方法能够获得更优化的位置估计结果及全局误差,能够应用于高精度长基线定位系统中。      

高准确度多频调制激光测距算法研究

针对传统的激光测距仪测量准确度低、实时性差等问题,结合正交相位检测和坐标旋转数字式计算机角度解算方法,设计了一种多频激光测距系统.系统中采用改进的正交算法对噪音环境下的测距相位差的正切值进行计算,再通过坐标旋转数字式计算机角度解算方法计算出测距相位差,该方法有效地提高了测距准确度并大大降低了系统的运算量.在采样频率500 MHz、计算字长16位、回波信噪比14 dB时,测量范围为150 m,相位测量误差为0.026 4°,距离测量准确度达到0.11 mm.     

高准确度多频调制激光测距算法研究

针对传统的激光测距仪测量准确度低、实时性差等问题,结合正交相位检测和坐标旋转数字式计算机角度解算方法,设计了一种多频激光测距系统.系统中采用改进的正交算法对噪音环境下的测距相位差的正切值进行计算,再通过坐标旋转数字式计算机角度解算方法计算出测距相位差,该方法有效地提高了测距准确度并大大降低了系统的运算量.在采样频率50...     

基于相位标靶的光学坐标测量方法

提出一种基于相位标靶的光学坐标测量方法,与有3个以上的标记点的辅助测量棒(传统标靶)相比较,由于相位标靶特征点数量的大量增多以及基于相位计算的精确的特征点的提取,使得用这种标靶进行测量时,其测最结果更为准确和可靠.在计算机屏幕上产生二维正弦条纹,并以此作为校准靶进行摄像机标定.设计制作的相位标靶由小型特征图象屏和测棒组成,采用相位测量技术及条纹处理方法计算特征图象屏各点的相位和面内坐标,进而计算测棒上测点的三维坐标.将该相位标靶用于光学坐标测量,提出了标靶移动时坐标变换的计算公式和移动距离的计算方法,分析了测量误差的成因.实验得到了准确的光学坐标测量结果,证明了该方法的有效性.     

双护盾硬岩隧道掘进机位姿测量系统

针对隧道施工中双护盾硬岩隧道掘进机位姿的精密测量需求,设计了一种组合式位姿测量系统。系统把单目视觉和激光标靶相结合,在利用激光标靶和全站仪完成掘进机后盾体位姿测量基础上,通过所设计的光学特征点空间分布模型,实现特征点的准确识别,根据特征点之间已知的几何约束关系和摄像机的透视投影模型,进行实时的图像处理和位姿解算,实现掘进机前盾体相对后盾体位姿的非接触式测量。系统建立了光学特征点、智能视觉传感器、激光标靶和全站仪之间的坐标转换关系,搭建了模拟双护盾硬岩隧道掘进机位姿变化的实验平台,并利用全站仪进行精度验证,最终完成掘进机全方位的实时位姿测量。实验结果表明:在30 m×3 m测量范围内,系统测量精度优于5 mm。测量系统具有精度高、抗噪声能力强和实时性好等优点,可满足隧道施工中双护盾硬岩隧道掘进机位姿的精密自动测量要求。     

基于手持相位标靶技术的光学三维坐标测量

将相位技术及条纹分析技术引入到光学三维坐标测量中,制作了手持相位标靶。采用这种标靶,利用视觉测量技术可以对待测物体上的任意一个可接触点进行直接测量。利用相位技术及条纹分析技术的全场分析方法,计算出了测头在标靶坐标系下的坐标,提出了标靶特征点到测头距离的计算公式;采用手持相位标靶进行测量时,提出了对测量点的三维坐标获取的计算公式;并对测量点的三维坐标值以及对测量点偏移的距离进行了误差分析。实验得到了比较准确的测量结果,证明了分析方法的正确性。     

基于小尺度测量的双目立体视觉系统误差分析（英文）

将小型双目立体视觉系统应用于小尺度测量,分析了CCD像素的不连续性对测量准确度的影响,探讨了系统结构参量基线距、焦距以及物距与测量误差之间的关系.当考虑像素不连续性时,视差值与测量距离之间呈阶梯状曲线关系,测量误差随基线距以及焦距的增大而减小,随物距的增大而增大.此外在实际测量中系统测量准确度达98.89%.该研究可为双目立体视觉小型系统的设计及搭建提供参考和指导.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.