Recent Development of Relativistic Molecular Theory

Summary. Today it is common knowledge that relativistic effects are important in the heavy-element chemistry. The continuing development of the relativistic molecular theory is opening up rows of the periodic table that are impossible to treat with the non-relativistic approach. The most straightforward way to treat relativistic effects on heavy-element systems is to use the four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock approach and its electron-correlation methods based on the Dirac-Coulomb(-Breit) Hamiltonian. The Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) or Dirac-Kohn-Sham (DKS) equation with the four-component spinors composed of the large- and small-components demands severe computational efforts to solve, and its applications to molecules including heavy elements have been limited to small- to medium-size systems. Recently, we have developed a very efficient algorithm for the four-component DHF and DKS approaches. As an alternative approach, several quasi-relativistic approximations have also been proposed instead of explicitly solving the four-component relativistic equation. We have developed the relativistic elimination of small components (RESC) and higher-order Douglas-Kroll (DK) Hamiltonians within the framework of the two-component quasi-relativistic approach. The developing four-component relativistic and approximate quasi-relativistic methods have been implemented into a program suite named REL4D.In this article, we will introduce the efficient relativistic molecular theories to treat heavy-atomic molecular systems accurately via the four-component relativistic and the two-component quasi-relativistic approaches. We will also show several chemical applications including heavy-element systems with our relativistic molecular approaches.     

Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory

Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light‐induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.     

含氮分子筛的研究进展

含氮分子筛作为一种新型的含骨架杂原子分子筛, 具有择形碱催化作用和酸碱双功能催化作用, 近年来引起了人们广泛的研究兴趣. 本文总结了微孔和介孔含氮分子筛在制备、表征和催化性能等方面的研究现状, 重点评述了氮化机理和理论计算在含氮分子筛研究中的应用, 并展望了含氮分子筛今后的研究方向.     

Molecular QTAIM Topology Is Sensitive to Relativistic Corrections

The topology of the molecular electron density of benzene dithiol gold cluster complex Au₄−S−C₆H₄−S′−Au′₄ changed when relativistic corrections were made and the structure was close to a minimum of the Born–Oppenheimer energy surface. Specifically, new bond paths between hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring and gold atoms appeared, indicating that there is a favorable interaction between these atoms at the relativistic level. This is consistent with the observation that gold becomes a better electron acceptor when relativistic corrections are applied. In addition to relativistic effects, here, we establish the sensitivity of molecular topology to basis sets and convergence thresholds for geometry optimization.     

碳酸酐酶靶向探针的研究进展

碳酸酐酶作为一类在肿瘤中高表达的酶, 参与肿瘤组织中乏氧、 微酸性等环境的调节, 已成为肿瘤诊断与治疗的一类重要靶点. 本文简要概述了碳酸酐酶的生物学功能, 并总结了目前针对碳酸酐酶所构建的不同类型的分子探针, 以及其在肿瘤成像与治疗应用中的研究进展. 最后, 对靶向碳酸酐酶探针研究所面临的挑战和未来可能的研究方向进行了展望.     

Relativistic Density Functional NMR Tensors Analyzed with Spin-free Localized Molecular Orbitals

The implementation of fast relativistic methods based on density functional theory, in conjunction with localized molecular orbital (LMO) based analysis, allows straightforward interpretations of NMR parameters in terms of contributions from core shells, lone pairs, and bonds, for compounds containing elements from across the periodic table. We present a conceptual review of a frequently used LMO analysis of NMR parameters calculated in the presence of spin-orbit interactions and other relativistic effects. An accompanying example focuses on the ¹⁵N shielding in a heavy metal complex.     

Variational Principle of Relativistic Density Functional Theory for Weakly Inhomogeneous Electron Liquid

Abstract

A variational principle is set up in the framework of relativistic density functional theory, which yields the relativistic linear-response relation between displaced charge v(x) and weak perturbing potential V(x) in an electron liquid. In particular, the kinetic energy is calculated to second-order in the displaced charge v(x).     

无机分子纳米材料的研究进展

无机分子纳米材料是至少在一个维度上为纳米尺寸的分子及以其为单元组成的材料。由于其特殊的结构和性质，这种材料可以作为未来纳米分子电子器件、小分子吸附及储存材料。本文将从合成、结构、性质、应用等方面, 结合最新进展对这一充满活力并有着应用前景的领域作一简要概述。     

分子印迹-电化学发光技术研究进展

分子印迹-电化学发光技术具有分子印迹技术的高选择性及电化学发光技术的高灵敏性,以及发光易于调控、稳定性好、便于微型化和仪器操作简单等优点,已被广泛地应用于重金属检测、免疫传感技术、基因传感技术、酶传感技术、食品安全与药物分析等领域。该文结合本实验室的研究工作介绍了分子印迹电化学发光传感器的原理和构建思路。在此基础上,着重介绍了分子印迹电化学发光技术在食品安全与药物分析中的应用,并对其今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

价键理论新进展

概要介绍了现代价键理论的几个主要方法,并讨论了它们各自的特点及其发展现状,并重点介绍了键表方法的基本理论、计算程序及一些应用。     

比较分子场分析方法研究的最新进展*

比较分子场分析方法(CoM FA ) 是目前在三维定量构效关系(3D2Q SAR) 中应用最为广泛的方法之一。但传统的比较分子场分析方法在具体的实现过程中还存在着一些缺陷和不足, 包括分子场势能函数的选择, 活性构象的确定, 分子的叠合以及分子场变量的选取等等。本文结合我们科研组的工作, 就近几年CoM FA 方法的最新进展做了较为详细的阐述, 同时对CoM FA 的发展前景及其在药物设计中的应用进行了展望。     

动脉粥样硬化分子影像研究进展

急性心脑血管疾病目前位居全球死亡原因首位，其关键病理基础是动脉粥样硬化并导致急性心肌梗死、中风等。由于动脉粥样硬化病情进展隐匿突发，目前的诊断方式不足以筛查出早期高风险病变。如何在急性心脑血管事件发生前准确地识别出斑块破裂风险高的患者并对患者进行有效干预，已成为目前迫切需要解决的问题，同时这也是降低急性心血管事件发生率的关键。近年来，迅速发展的分子影像及纳米医学技术为实现动脉粥样硬化斑块早期诊疗带来了新契机。     

Molecular Theory of Liquid Adsorption Chromatography

Abstract

A statistical-mechanical theory, based on a lattice model, has been developed to address the molecular mechanism of retention and selectivity in both normal-phase and reversedphase liquid adsorption chromatography. The model is a natural “competitive-equilibrium” one, where possible contributions from solvent-solvent and solute-solvent interactions, and, hence, from solution nonideality, are not neglected. Homogeneous and heterogeneous adsorbent surfaces, single-solvent and binary mixed-solvent mobile phases, and solute molecules of different size and shape are treated. Practical applications of the theory are presented to demonstrate its utility and significance.

For homogeneous adsorbents and neat solvents, the molecular energetics of retention and selectivity are examined, with special emphasis on the effects of solute size and shape, and, relatedly, the modes of solute adsorption. Separations of geometrical isomers and homologous series in real and simulated chromatographic processes are investigated, confirming predictions of the theory and the important role of solvent-solvent and solute-solvent interactions in reversed-phase systems. The implications of a more general retention equation for microscopically heterogeneous adsorbents are discussed. The dependence of capacity ratio on mobile-phase composition for binary solvents is analyzed in some detail. An often important contribution arising from solution nonideality is predicted theoretically. This is shown to be consistent with experimental results on normal-phase and reversed-phase systems.     

绿色化学的进展

绿色化学是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学,近年来这方面的研究主要是围绕化学反应,原料,催化剂,溶剂和产品的绿色化开展的。根据这条主线,评述了绿色化学的一些主要研究进展。最后介绍了我国绿色化学的活动。     

化学发光分析新进展

对近３年来化学发光分析法的最新进展作了评述。内容包括化学发光在无机、有机及生物活性物质分析中的应用,化学发光与其它分析技术的联用等,含参考文献１１３篇。     

水性聚氨酯研究进展

本文较系统地介绍和评价了国内外水性聚氨酯的制备、性能、应用及其发展。     

化学计量—取样学最近的进展

文章评述了取样学在理论和应用上的进展，涉及样品制备、取样分类、取样理论以及在多种领域的应用。     

分子烙印传感器的研究进展

分子烙印技术是制备具有选择性分子识别能力的聚合物的新兴技术,其应用之一是将分子烙印聚合物用作分析化学中化学传感器的识别元件。本文综述了分子烙印技术的原理方法及其在传感器方面的应用,评述了分子烙印传感器的发展方向,展望了其在有机磷化合物检测中的应用前景。     

Recent Advances in Recursive Solution of Large Molecular Eigenproblems

In studying highly excited ro-vibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules, the traditional direct diagonalization approach becomes impractical because of the formidable computational resources needed I will in this talk discuss some recent advances in solving large dimensional molecular eigenproblems using sparse matrix techniques. In particular, I will talk about the Lanczos algorithm and the Chebyshev-based filter-diagonalization method. These techniques are based on matrix-vector multiplication and thus amenable to larger problems. Applications to highly excited (ro-)vibrational spectra of tri- and tetratomic systems such as SO₂ and HOOH will be presented.