铂铈重整催化剂的表面性质研究

采用高、低温TPD(程序升温脱附)等方法研究了铂铈重整催化剂的表面性质。高、低温TPD的实验结果表明,体能增加Pt/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的活化吸附中心,减少非活化吸附中心,而总的吸附中心基本上不变。提出了铂和铈分布在γ-Al_2O_3载体上的主要模式。     

Pt-Ce/KL和Pt/CeKL沸石重整催化剂的研究

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＰｔ┐Ｃｅ／ＫＬＡＮＤＰｔ／ＣｅＫＬＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＲＥＦＯＲＭＩＮＧＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＳＬｕＷｅｉｑｉ，ＬｉＦｅｎｇｙｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＮａｎｃｈａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｃｈａｎｇ３３０...     

x-射线荧光光谱法测定重整催化剂中铂、铕、铈

使用X 射线荧光光谱仪 ,采用人工合成标样 ,粉末直接压片和经验系数校正基体效应的方法 ,建立了重整催化剂中铂、铕、铈含量的测定方法。测定铂、铕、铈的相对标准偏差依次为 :0 .5 9%、0 .72 %、0 .75 %。     

钬对铂重整催化剂改性作用的研究

采用脉冲微反应技术研究了一系列Pt-Ho催化剂催化甲基环戊烷及环己烷的重整反应,应用Faraday磁天平研究了催化剂的磁性,用氢氧滴定法测定了催化剂上铂的分散度与平均粒径.结果表明,钬能改善活性组分铂的分散度,降低铂的平均粒径,从而增加铂催化剂的活性中心数,提高了铂重整催化剂的活性,进而增强了铂催化剂的抗硫稳定性.Pt-Ho催化剂的活性与磁性有对应关系.     

担载型铂催化剂上甲烷活化的TPSR研究

用程序升温表面反应手段，系统地考察了甲烷在Ｐｔ催化剂上的吸附活化特征及甲烷分解后产生的表面碳物种。结果表明，ＣＨ４确能在ＳｉＯ２担载型Ｐｔ催化剂表面发生解离吸附，生成复杂的碳物种。这些碳物种间可发生相互转化。     

铂/L分子筛重整催化剂烷烃芳构化反应机理

铂/L分子筛新型重整催化剂具有碱性、单功能与独特的孔结构。与双功能催化剂对比,它对n-C_6～n-C_8直链烷烃有极高的芳构化活性和选择性,其芳构化机理可能与双功能催化剂不同。本文应用正己烷(n-C_8)、正庚烷(n-C_7)、正辛烷(n-C_8),2-甲基己烷(2MHx)、甲基环戊烷(MCP)等探针分子,在脉冲微反装置上考察了它们在Pt/BaL催化剂上的芳构化性能和产物分布。提出烷烃分子(≥C_6)主链的1,6位碳原子经与     

锆对铂重整催化剂性能的影响规律

以正庚烷的转化为探针反应 ,研究了添加元素锆对铂重整催化剂性能的影响规律。结果表明 ,在 4 50℃和连续流动条件下 ,Pt/γ -Al2 O3催化剂中引入锆不仅能够提高铂催化剂的稳定性和芳构化产率、抑制氢解和异构化 ,而且能使铂催化剂保持初活性。锆含量在 0 .56%左右 ,其调变作用最为显著。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定重整铂催化剂中氯

建立重整铂催化剂中氯的X射线荧光光谱测定方法。通过研磨机将铂催化剂研磨至粒径小于75 μm的颗粒,采用仪器压片制样,通过测量不同氯含量样品的计数率,建立铂催化剂中氯含量与计数率的线性关系。氯的质量分数在0.85%~1.04%范围内与计数率成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995,检出限为0.0076%。样品加标回收率为96.2%~104.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=6)。该法测定结果与电位滴定法相吻合。该方法精密度高,分析速度快,满足重整装置生产调整的要求。     

直接内重整熔融碳酸盐燃料电池中甲烷蒸汽重整催化剂探索性研究

选择甲烷蒸汽重整催化剂用于直接内重整熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(DIR-MCFC)中,并考察了DIR-MCFC的性能,讨论了电池放电量、气体压力、燃料气进料水/碳比(S/C)等因素对该催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,重整催化剂能够满足电池放电需求;放电量大小影响电池内的H2含量,但对CH4含量影响不大;当气体压力为0.36MPa时...     

甲烷重整制合成气镍催化剂积炭研究

本文综述了甲烷转化制合成气镍催化剂积炭的研究进展,论述了积炭热力学和动力学、积炭类型、积炭机理和影响积炭的因素,详细分析了催化剂的镍粒子尺寸、镍-载体相互作用、载体碱性强度、载体氧化-还原性质和添加助剂对镍催化剂的积炭速率和积炭量的影响,并总结了重整反应工艺参数和反应器形式对镍催化剂积炭的影响。最后指出,采用现代表征手段阐明镍催化剂的积炭机理、种类和数量,明确积炭的规律,可为设计开发抗积炭性能强的镍催化剂提供理论依据;可通过增强金属与载体的相互作用、减小镍粒子的尺寸(镍粒子尺寸小于20 nm)和选择适宜的载体来制备抗积炭性能强的催化剂;可通过采用流化床反应器且优化工艺参数来减少重整过程积炭量;可通过寻求行之有效的积炭催化剂再生方法来解决镍催化剂积炭问题。     

层级多孔碳载铂催化剂的制备及可达性

层级多孔碳作为氧还原铂基催化剂载体的选择之一, 简单的旋转圆盘电极(RDE)验证此类催化剂具有较高的氧还原活性, 但几乎都缺少膜电极(MEA)性能验证, 实用性无法保证. 本文设计制备了基于聚苯胺的层级多孔碳（NHPC）载铂催化剂（Pt/NHPC850）, 研究了其氧还原活性、 MEA质子传输和氧传输特性. RDE测试研究表明, Pt/NHPC850催化剂在低I/C（离聚物与碳载体质量比）时的面积活性低于实心碳载铂催化剂（Pt/XC-72）, 但当I/C增大到与膜电极中一致时, 由于Nafion树脂对Pt催化剂的毒化作用增强, 其面积活性反而优于 Pt/XC-72. Pt/NHPC850催化剂的高Pt分散性及其优异的抗Nafion毒化性能, 使其在I/C为0.8时的质量活性为Pt/XC-72催化剂的1.34倍. MEA质子传输研究表明, 即使在高加湿条件下, Pt/NHPC850质子电阻率仍高达72.6 mΩ·cm², 为Pt/XC-72的3倍. Pt/NHPC850制备的膜电极极化曲线在500 mA/cm²电流密度下性能迅速下降, Pt/NHPC850的氧增益电压达到144.4 mV, 比Pt/XC-72高56.7 mV. 表明Pt/NHPC850膜电极的质子传输和氧传输性能较差. 对比Pt/NHPC850催化剂的RDE和MEA的测试结果, 说明以层级多孔碳为载体的铂碳催化剂虽然耐Nafion毒化能力提高, 但是质子和氧气的氧传输性较差, 此类层级多孔碳还需进一步优化其结构, 才有可能满足低铂质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的应用需求.     

Direct Olefination of Alcohols with Sulfones by Using Heterogeneous Platinum Catalysts

Carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) were found to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the direct Julia olefination of alcohols in the presence of sulfones and KOtBu under oxidant‐free conditions. Primary alcohols, including aryl, aliphatic, allyl, and heterocyclic alcohols, underwent olefination with dimethyl sulfone and aryl alkyl sulfones to give terminal and internal olefins, respectively. Secondary alcohols underwent methylenation with dimethyl sulfone. Under 2.5 bar H_2, the same reaction system was effective for the transformation of alcohol OH groups to alkyl groups. Structural and mechanistic studies of the terminal olefination system suggested that Pt⁰ sites on the Pt metal particles are responsible for the rate‐limiting dehydrogenation of alcohols and that KOtBu may deprotonate the sulfone reagent. The Pt/C catalyst was reusable after the olefination, and this method showed a higher turnover number (TON) and a wider substrate scope than previously reported methods, which demonstrates the high catalytic efficiency of the present method.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定Al2O3基催化剂中的铂

采用火试金预富集Al_2O_3基催化剂中的铂,硝酸-盐酸溶解贵金属,并利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定Al_2O_3基催化剂中的铂。实验研究了配料方案、灰吹条件,并讨论了测定过程中存在的元素干扰,用于测定实际样品中铂,其加标回收率在97.7%~102%,相对标准偏差0.97%~2.7%。方法操作简单,准确实用,适用于实际样品分析。     

User‐Friendly Platinum Catalysts for the Highly Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes and Alkenes

With a view to addressing the shortcomings of traditional catalysts, a new generation of outstanding N‐ heterocyclic carbene platinum(0) complexes for the hydrosilylation of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds is reported. Their discovery and application to the stereoselective addition of various silanes to silylated alkynes, terminal acetylenes, and olefins is presented. Insights into the catalytic cycle and the origin of the stereoselectivity are also discussed.     

铂抗癌药物研究进展

综述了铂抗癌药物作用机理及合成进展状况，并对该类药物的发展趋势进行了展望，参考文献31篇。     

铁氮掺杂对石墨烯担载铂催化剂氧还原反应活性的影响

高氧还原活性担载铂催化剂的研发是加快质子交换膜燃料电池商业化进程的主要手段之一。以石墨烯为碳源,1,10-菲啰啉为氮源,FeCl3为铁源,用浸渍法制备铁氮掺杂石墨烯(Fe/N-G)载体,并通过乙二醇还原法获得PtFe/N-G催化剂,探究铁氮原子的引入对石墨烯担载铂催化剂氧还原反应催化活性的影响。采用X射线衍射、比表面积和孔径分布测试、X射线光电子能谱等表征手段对载体及催化剂结构进行表征,使用电化学方法对载体和催化剂的氧还原反应活性进行测试。结果表明,PtFe/N-G催化剂的氧还原反应起始电位及半波电位分别为0.96 V、0.83 V,优于相同Pt担载量的商业20%Pt/C催化剂。铁氮掺杂后,石墨烯载体具有较大的孔径更有利于氧还原反应过程中生成物与反应物的传递,PtFe/N-G催化剂中存在吡啶氮和Fe-N型氮与铂纳米颗粒的协同催化,以及铂纳米颗粒与铁氮掺杂石墨烯载体间的相互作用,是PtFe/N-G催化剂具有优异的氧还原催化活性的可能原因。     

Exploring Opportunities for Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Porous Liquids as Hydrogenation Catalysts

The unusual combination of characteristics observed for porous liquids, which are typically associated with either porous solids or liquids, has led to considerable interest in this new class of materials. However, these porous liquids have so far only been investigated for their ability to separate and store gases. Herein, the catalytic capability of Pt nanoparticles encapsulated within a Type I porous liquid (Pt@HS-SiO₂ PL) is explored for the hydrogenation of several alkenes and nitroarenes under mild conditions (T=40 °C, P_H2=1 atm). The different intermediates in the porous liquid synthesis (i.e., the initial Pt@HS-SiO₂, the organosilane-functionalized intermediate, and the final porous liquid) are employed as catalysts in order to understand the effect of each component of the porous liquid on the catalysis. For the hydrogenation of 1-decene, the Pt@HS-SiO₂ PL catalyst in ethanol has the fastest reaction rate if normalized with respect to the concentration of Pt. The reaction rate slows if the reaction is completed in a “neat” porous liquid system, probably because of the high viscosity of the system. These systems may find application in cascade reactions, in particular, for those with mutually incompatible catalysts.     

Polyaniline/Platinum Composite Cathode Catalysts Towards Durable Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Polymer stabilization proved to be a promising approach to increase the catalytic performance of common platinum/carbon based cathode catalysts (Pt/C) used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Platinum and polyaniline composite catalysts (Pt/C/PANI) were prepared by combining chemical polymerization reactions with anion exchange reactions. Electrochemical ex-situ characterizations of the decorated Pt/C/PANI catalysts show high catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and, more importantly, a significant enhanced durability compared to the undecorated Pt/C catalyst. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal structural benefits of Pt/C/PANI for ORR catalysis. All studies confirm high potential of Pt/C/PANI for practical fuel cell application.     

甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢Cu/Zn/Ce/Al催化剂的XPS研究

利用XPS技术，研究了在甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢过程中，添加稀土元素Ce对Cu/Zn/Al催化剂表面结构的影响。发现，催化剂表面存在Cu^2 和Cu^ 物种；CeO2的加入促进表面Cu^ 物种的生成，提高了表面Cu^ 物种的浓度。Cu60/Zn30/Al5/Ce5催化剂表面具有较高的Cu^ 浓度，是催化剂长时间保持高活性的重要原因之一。     

液相废催化剂中铂的硫脲萃取回收工艺及应用

用酸性硫脲溶液萃取乙炔氢氯化失活催化剂中的铂离子,得到最佳回收的工艺参数,当萃取相比（A/O）为1,硫脲浓度为0.2 mol/L,盐酸浓度为0.5~0.6 mol/L时,萃取率达到98%以上;萃取后的有机相性质无改变,可重复使用,一次萃取后合成催化剂可使乙炔转化率达70%以上。