Magnetic after-effects of hydrogen in amorphous Co75Si15B10 alloys

The magnetic after-effect spectrum of hydrogen-charged amorphous Co₇₅Si₁₅B₁₀ and its annealing behaviour was measured in the temperature range between 2.1 and 450 K. A hydrogen related relaxation peak was observed at 190 K with a mean activation energy of 0.42 eV.     

Influence of quenching rate on the structural, soft magnetic and magnetoimpedance properties of melt-spun Co69Fe7Si14B10 alloy

Melt-spun ribbons of Co₆₉Fe₇Si₁₄B₁₀ alloy have been prepared at different wheel speeds viz. 47, 34 and 17 m/s and investigated for structural and magnetic properties. Degree of amorphicity in the as-spun ribbons is found to increase with wheel speed. Amorphous phase crystallizes in two stages producing Co₂Si, Co₂B and CoSi phases on annealing. Increase in wheel speed improves soft magnetic and magnetoimpedance properties due to decrease in perpendicular anisotropy which is associated with stripe domain formation. On annealing soft magnetic properties and magnetoimpedance deteriorate due to the formation of crystalline phases.     

Magnetic annealing and crystallization kinetics of the metallic glass Fe5Co70Si15B10

Magnetic annealing and crystallization kinetics of amorphous ribbons of Fe₅Co₇₀Si₁₅B₁₀ were studied. For a toroid stress-relieved at 365°C for 2 h, the anistropy energy K_u obtained by cooling in a magnetic field from 300°C was ≈1.1 × 10³erg/cm³ at room temperature. The reorientation of induced anisotropy of this toroid followed the equation for first-order kinetics closely, yielding an activation energy ΔE = 1.9 eV and a pre-exponential frequency factor v₀ = 3.2 × 10¹³s^-1. Anisotropy reorientation in a toroid partially stress-relieved at 220°C, although was clearly reversible during 8 cycles of isothermal annealing in tranverse and in longitudinal field, exhibited significant deviations from the equation for first order kinetics. Treating the data in terms of the equation for first order kinetics, a narrow spectrum of activation energy from 1.2 to 1.8 eV, with corresponding frequency factors from 1.8 × 10⁸ s^-1 to 5.6 × 10¹² s^-1, was obtained. The difference in behavior between the two samples is discussed in the light of concepts in structural relaxation recently proposed by T. Egami. Crystallization kinetics was studied on a DSC apparatus, using Kissinger's method. At 10 K/min heating rate, the temperature of incipient crystallization was found to be 770 K. The activation energies found were in the range 4.8–4.2 eV.     

Effect of Nb addition on the structure and soft magnetic properties of melt-spun Co69Fe7Si14B10 alloy

Melt-spun ribbons of Co₆₉Fe₇Si_14−xNb_xB₁₀ alloys with x=0, 2 and 4 have been prepared and characterized for structure and soft magnetic properties. Ribbons with x=0 and x=2 are found to be completely amorphous whereas the ribbon with x=4 contains irregular shaped faulted Co₂Si orthorhombic phase with grain size of about 100 nm. Nb addition is found to decrease the degree of amorphicity and induce perpendicular anisotropy, deteriorating the soft magnetic and magnetoimpedance properties.     

Temperature dependence of magnetostriction in [Co1−x(FeNi)x]75Si15B10 amorphous alloys

Magnetostriction measurements as a function of temperature and composition are reported for [Co_1x(Fe_0.5Ni_0.5)_x]₇₅Si₁₅B₁₀ metallic glasses. Single-ion as well as two-ion contributions to λ_s are found in the composition range 0<x<0.5. For x=0.12 the magnetostriction changes sign with increasing temperature.     

Strain- and field-induced magnetic anisotropy in metallic glasses with positive or negative γs

Magnetic anisotropy in Co₇₃Mo₂Si₁₅B₁₀ (γ_s < 0) and (Co_.89Fe_.11)₇₂Mo₃Si₁₅B₁₀ (γ_s > 0) metallic glass ribbons has been induced by strain annealing and by field annealing above and below the Curie-temperature, respectively. The results support very convincingly the assumption that two different mechanisms (frozen-in strain and directional ordering) are responsible for the obtained anisotropies. We propose that a biaxial magnetic anisotropy can be ontained by proper annealing treatments.     

Effect of ionic irradiation on the pre-exponential factor of thermally activated crystallization in Co66Si16B12Fe4Mo2 metallic glass

In the present paper, we report the Meyer-Neldel relation between the pre-exponential factor and activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization of Co₆₆Si₁₆B₁₂Fe₄Mo₂ metallic glass. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is employed to study the change in the above two kinetic parameters of the crystallization due to ionic irradiation at three different fluences with high-energy heavy ion; Ni¹¹⁺ of 150 MeV.     

纳米超微晶Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9合金显微结构和磁性的研究

对纳米晶Fe_73.5Cu₁Mo₃Si_13.5B₉合金的原始制备态和各退火态样品进行了室温Mossbauer谱研究,结果表明晶化态的合金存在α-Fe(Si)微晶相和晶界的非晶相。晶相和非晶相内场和面积随退火温度的变化是退火时Cu,Mo,B等成分的扩散和在各相中的再分配引起的。最佳磁性能对应非晶相中的铁量占合金铁总量的30％左右,超微晶合金的双相无规各向异性模型表明,一定量的非晶相对保持纳米晶优异的软 关键词：     

Magnetization behavior and magnetocaloric effect in bulk amorphous Fe60Co5Zr8Mo5W2B20 alloy

Microstructure by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and isothermal magnetic entropy changes in the bulk amorphous Fe₆₀Co₅Zr₈Mo₅W₂B₂₀ alloy in the as-quenched state and after annealing at 720 K for 15 min are studied. The as-cast and heat treated alloy is paramagnetic at room temperature. The quadrupole splitting distribution is unimodal after annealing indicating the more homogenous structure in comparison with that for the as-cast alloy. Curie temperature slightly increases after annealing from 265±2 K in the as-quenched state to 272±2 K and the alloy exhibits the second order magnetic phase transition. The maximum of isothermal magnetic entropy changes appears at the Curie points and is equal to 0.30 and 0.42 J/(kg·K) for the alloy in the as-quenched state and after annealing, respectively. In the paramagnetic region the material behaves as a Curie-Weiss paramagnet.     

金属玻璃(Fe1-xCox)78Si10B12的感生各向异性

本文研究了金属玻璃(Fe_1-xCO_x)₇₈Si₁₀B₁₂的磁化感生各向异性、应变感生各向异性随成分和温度的变化。磁化感生各向异性常数K_um为正值,x=0.7时为最大;不可逆的应变感生各向异性常数K_usi为正值,x=0.5时为最大;可逆的应变感生各向异性常数K_usr除了x>0.975区均为负值,在x=0.7时为最大;感生各向异性常数在温度变化时与M_s^α成正比,α在3.4和7.5之间随成分和退火工艺而变化。用短程有序模型解释了部分实验结果。 关键词：     

Coil-less fluxgate effect in (Co0.94Fe0.06)72.5Si12.5B15 amorphous wires

In this study, the coil-less fluxgate properties of the as-cast and annealed amorphous wires with the composition (Co_0.94Fe_0.06)_72.5Si_12.5B₁₅ were investigated. As its name implies, a coil-less fluxgate is a new type of magnetic-field sensor without a coil. When the wire is periodically saturated in a magnetic field in the circumferential direction with a 30 kHz, 62 mA driving current under a 16.5π rad/m torsional strain, there is a linear variation in the second harmonic of the voltage from the wire ends as a function of the applied external DC magnetic field along the length of the wire.Current-stress annealing of each sample improved the sensitivity of the coil-less fluxgate sensor. This is the first time that it has been shown that a linear change in the output of the coil-less fluxgate sensor can be obtained using torsion annealed wire without the necessity of twisting the wire during measurement. We showed that the linear operating range of the sensor can be increased by increasing the demagnetization factor in the sensing direction, so that the coil-less fluxgate sensor can be miniaturised just by reducing the wire length.     

Magnetic force microscopy characterization of heat and current treated Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 amorphous ribbons

The domain structure of a magnetostrictive Fe₄₀Ni₃₈Mo₄B₁₈ amorphous ribbon has been studied using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) at room temperature. First, the evolution of the magnetic domain patterns as a function of the annealing temperature has been investigated. In samples heat treated at 250 and 450 °C for 1 h, a transformation from 90° to 180° domain wall has been clearly observed, while the sample heat treated at 700 °C for 1 h showed a magnetic phase fixed by the crystalline anisotropy. Additionally, the evolution of the magnetic domain structure by applying a DC current was recorded by the MFM technique. For current annealed samples at 1 A for 1, 30 and 60 min, a transformation between different domain patterns has been observed. Finally, in samples treated by the current annealing method under simultaneous stress, an increase of the annealing time gives rise to a different magnetic structure arising from the development of transverse magnetic anisotropy.     

Magnetic domain structure in Fe78.8−xCoxCu0.6Nb2.6Si9B9 nanocrystalline alloys studied by Lorentz microscopy

The magnetic domain structures of Fe_78.8−xCo_xCu_0.6Nb_2.6Si₉B₉ (x=0, 20, 40, 60) alloys are investigated by Lorentz microscopy coupled with the focused ion beam method. The specimen prepared using the FIB method is found to have a considerably more uniform thickness compared to that prepared using the ion-milling method. In Fe_38.8Co₄₀Cu_0.6Nb_2.6Si₉B₉ and Fe_18.8Co₆₀Cu_0.6Nb_2.6Si₉B₉ alloys, 180° domain walls extending in the direction of the induced magnetic anisotropy are observed. Analysis with Lorentz microscopy reveals that the width of the magnetic domains decreases with an increase in the cobalt content or the induced magnetic anisotropy K_u, that is, the domain width d is proportional to the induced magnetic anisotropy (K_u)^−1/4. On the other hand, in the in situ Lorentz microscopy observation as a function of temperature, magnetic ripple structures are found to appear in a localized area due to the fluctuation of magnetization vectors from 423 K. It is observed that the induced magnetic anisotropy caused by the applied magnetic field at 803 K is not suppressed by the magnetic ripple structures observed at 423–443 K.     

Giant magnetoimpedance in amorphous (Co0.93Fe0.7)63Ni10Si11B16 glass-coated microwire

Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect has been measured in a glass-coated amorphous (Co_0.93Fe_0.7)₆₃Ni₁₀Si₁₁B₁₆ microwire as a function of DC magnetic field and up to the frequency of 11 MHz. The sample shows single peak GMI characteristics within the whole range of frequency. The domain structure of the above sample has been changed by applying tensile stresses up to 603 MPa and current annealing with a DC current of 50 mA for various time durations, and the corresponding effect on GMI has been studied in detail. A maximum change of 8.85% in MI of the as-quenched sample has been observed around a frequency of 5.05 MHz. Application of an external tensile stress reduces the GMI value by increasing the inner core domain, whereas heat treatment of the sample enhances the same. The square-shaped magnetic hysteresis loop of the as-quenched sample helps us understanding the MI results.     

Amorphous-crystalline dual-layer structures resulting from metastable liquid phase separation in （Fe50Co25B15Si10）80Cu20 melt-spun ribbons

（Fe50Co25B15Si10）80Cu20 ribbons are prepared by using the single-roller melt-spinning method. A dual-layer structure consisting of a （Fe, Co）-rich amorphous phase and a Cu-rich crystalline phase forms due to metastable liquid phase separation before solidification. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the as-quenched and annealed samples are measured at room temperature. It is indicated that the coercivity of the ribbon is almost zero in the as-quenched state. The crystallization leads to the increase of coercivity and decrease of saturation magnetization.     

Fe65B22Nd9Mo4 bulk nanocomposite permanent magnets produced by crystallizing amorphous precursors

The Fe₆₅B₂₂Nd₉Mo₄ nanocomposite permanent magnets in the form of a rectangular cross sectioned rod have been prepared by annealing the amorphous precursors. The thermal behavior, structure and magnetic properties of the magnets have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy and magnetometry techniques. The as-cast Fe₆₅B₂₂Nd₉Mo₄ alloy showed soft magnetic properties, which changed into magnetically hard after annealing. Results provoke that the magnetic properties of the alloy are sensitive to thermal processing conditions. The optimum hard magnetic properties with a remanence (B_r) of 0.56 T, coercivity (_iH_c) of 920.7 kA/m and maximum energy product (BH)_max of 50.15 kJ/m³ were achieved after annealing the alloy at 983 K for 10 min. The good magnetic properties of Fe₆₅B₂₂Nd₉Mo₄ magnets are ascribed to the exchange coupling between the nano-scaled soft α-Fe, Fe₃B and hard Nd₂Fe₁₄B magnetic grains.     

Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of spin reorientations in amorphous and crystalline (Co0.2Fe0.8)72.5Si12.5B15 glass coated micro-wires

Thermo-gravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry and comprehensive ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of amorphous and crystalline ferromagnetic glass coated (Co_0.2Fe_0.8)_72.5Si_12.5B₁₅ micro-wires have been recorded. The Curie temperature of the amorphous phase is T_C(amorp) ∼730 K. The analysis of the Mössbauer spectra reveals that below 623 K the easy axis of the magnetization is axial-along the wires, and that a tangential or/and radial orientation occurs at higher temperatures. At 770 K, in the first 4 hours the Mössbauer spectrum exhibits a pure paramagnetic doublet. Crystallization and decomposition to predominantly α-Fe(Si) and Fe₂B occurs either by raising the temperature above 835 K or isothermally in time at lower temperatures. Annealing for a day at 770 K, leads to crystallization. In the crystalline material the magnetic moments have a complete random orientation. After cooling back to ambient temperature, both α-Fe(Si) and Fe₂B in the glass coated wire show pure axial magnetic orientation like in the original amorphous state. The observed spin reorientations are associated with changes in the stress induced by the glass coating.     

Low temperature magnetization behavior in Co36Fe36Si3Al1Nb4B20 (at%) nanostructured alloy

The investigation addresses low temperature magnetization behavior in Co₃₆Fe₃₆Si₃Al₁Nb₄B₂₀ alloy ribbons in their as-spun as well as annealed state. Optimum heat treatment at 875 K led to nanocrystallization whereby bcc-(FeCo)SiAl nanoparticles were dispersed in an amorphous matrix as evidenced from transmission electron microscopy. Low temperature magnetization studies were carried out in the range 77-300 K. Using the method of mathematical fittings, magnetization extrapolated to 0 K was obtained. The dependence of the magnetization with respect to temperature of BT^3/2 was used to determine the Bloch coefficient “B” and spin wave stiffness constant “D”. Magnetic softening revealed by lowering in the coercivity in the optimum nanostructured state was also the cause of a drop in the stiffness constant. The range of exchange interaction given by D/T_C was higher in the nanostructured state compared to the as-spun amorphous state. The effect of nanocrystallization and the resulting ferromagnetic coupling was further evidenced by low temperature magnetization studies.     

The effect of different temperature annealing on phase relation of LaFe11.5Si1.5 and the magnetocaloric effects of La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.5−xCoxSi1.5 alloys

The phase relation of LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 alloys annealed at different high-temperature from 1223 K (5 h) to 1673 K (0.5 h) has been studied. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that large amount of 1:13 phase begins to form in the matrix alloy consisting of α-Fe and LaFeSi phases when the annealing temperature is 1423 K. In the temperature range from 1423  to 1523 K, α-Fe and LaFeSi phases rapidly decrease to form 1:13 phase, and LaFeSi phase is rarely observed in the XRD pattern of LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 alloy annealed at 1523 K. With annealing temperature increasing from 1573  to 1673 K, the LaFeSi phase is detected again in the LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 alloy, and there is La₅Si₃ phase when the annealing temperature reaches 1673 K. There almost is no change in the XRD patterns of LaFe_11.5Si_1.5 alloys annealed at 1523 K for 3-5 h. According to this result, the La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_11.5−xCo_xSi_1.5 (0≤×≤0.7) alloys are annealed at 1523 K (3 h). The analysis of XRD patterns shows that La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_11.5xCo_xSi_1.5 alloys consist of the NaZn₁₃-type main phase and α-Fe impurity phase. With the increase of Co content from x=0 to 0.7, the Curie temperature T_C increases from 180 to 266 K. Because the increase of Co content can weaken the itinerant electron metamagnetic transition, the order of the magnetic transition at T_C changes from first to second-order between x=0.3 and 0.5. Although the magnetic entropy change decreases from 34.9 to 6.8 J/kg K with increasing Co concentration at a low magnetic field of 0-2 T, the thermal and magnetic hysteresis loss reduces remarkably, which is very important for the magnetic refrigerant near room temperature.