基于Herriott型多通结构的块材料展宽与棱栅对色散补偿的啁啾脉冲放大

本文报道了基于块材料展宽与棱栅对压缩的飞秒啁啾脉冲放大(chirped-pulse amplification,CPA)系统.展宽器采用基于Herriott型多通结构的块材料作为色散元件,压缩器采用透射光栅与色散棱镜组合的棱栅对,由于它可以同时提供负的二阶和三阶色散,通过优化光栅刻线与棱镜顶角,可以实现对放大器中材料的三阶色散完全补偿,获得更窄的压缩脉冲.实验中,将展宽后的脉冲注入到环形再生腔中进行放大,放大后的脉冲由棱栅对压缩到39.6 fs,非常接近傅里叶变换极限的35.2 fs.由于采用块材料展宽器和棱栅对压缩器,整个放大系统非常紧凑,可作为后续放大以及超快现象研究的可靠光源.     

星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪分光方式的选择

从多个方面分析了棱镜和光栅色散分光的优缺点,分析结果表明棱镜更适于星载高分辨率超光谱成像仪的分光。在透过率方面,棱镜光谱仪透过率高达95.24％(VNIR),而光栅的衍射效率仅为60%~70%。在杂散光方面,棱镜光谱仪的杂散光可达10－4,而光栅的杂散光为10－2。在0.4 －2.5 范围,棱镜光谱仪相对光栅光谱仪有优越性。在色散线性方面,光栅光谱仪基本线性,棱镜光谱仪的短波非线性问题可通过复合棱镜进行补偿。可靠性方面,棱镜光谱仪较光栅光谱仪有优势;在光谱带宽和成本方面,棱镜光谱仪与光栅光谱仪基本接近。     

宽谱段共光轴线色散成像光谱仪三棱镜分光系统设计

针对棱镜型成像光谱仪结构复杂、具有严重的色散不均匀性,进行了共光轴线色散棱镜式宽谱段成像光谱仪研究。利用棱镜的色散公式建立了对称型三棱镜组合分光结构的数学模型,获得了满足直视结构的棱镜组合,并在此基础上分析影响棱镜组色散线性因素：棱镜材料的折射率和色散率对棱镜组线色散影响比较大,入射角度对其影响比较小,并提出改善色散线性的方法,获得了满足线色散要求的棱镜组合的折射率条件,从而为共光轴结构的线色散棱镜式成像光谱仪初始结构的选择提供了重要理论依据。在工作波段为400~1 000 nm、中心波长偏向角为0°、最大色散角为0.6°、光谱仪系统数值孔径NA为0.18、光谱分辨率为5 nm条件下,实现共光轴三棱镜分光系统的线色散设计,最后利用ZEMAX进行了模拟分析表明,理论计算结果与实际仿真结果基本相符。     

宽频带激光频率转换中的色散补偿

本文对宽频带钕玻璃激光频率转换中波长相位失配的色散补偿进行研究,包括晶体串接自补偿和色散元件棱镜与光栅的补偿。     

可调谐激光器腔内色散棱镜及其组合

分析了色散棱镜的特性及其顶角设计问题。讨论了色散棱镜和扩束棱镜在布鲁斯特角入射状态下，可组合使用的形式及单程角色散。提出将色散棱镜与扩束棱镜组合使用，可减少色散棱镜个数而获得更大角色散的方法。并据此设计了两个色散棱镜组，在Ｔｉ∶Ｓ激光器中得到实际使用。     

C-T型棱镜透射式中阶梯光栅光谱仪谱图还原模型

中阶梯光栅光谱仪通过交叉色散形成的二维光谱图,无法直接对入射光的波长进行光谱标定。为此,建立了C-T型棱镜透射式中阶梯光栅光谱仪的谱图还原模型,分别分析了棱镜和光栅色散方向的色散规律以及棱镜与光栅之间的相互作用关系,并且建立了波长与像面坐标的关系表达式。根据该类中阶梯光栅光谱仪的光路结构特点,以及光束在各个光学元件的传输特性,校正各光学元件引入的坐标计算误差,最终精确计算出波长所对应的像面坐标,完成谱图还原模型的建立。通过该方法建立的模型可快速准确地对该类型中阶梯光栅光谱仪二维谱图进行谱图还原及波长标定,模型的计算误差小于一个像元。     

高分辨率中阶梯光栅-棱镜交叉色散光路设计

以宽光谱范围、 高分辨率的中阶梯光栅光谱仪为研制目标,介绍了中阶梯光栅的色散特性,阐述了基于它的交叉色散原理,提出了分辨率优先的中阶梯光栅-棱镜交叉色散光路设计方法,包括高分辨率的主色散光路设计、 分辨叠级的辅助色散光路设计,及主-辅色散光路联合校验三个递进的环节,并结合商用光谱仪进行了实例设计,仿真和实验表明,当光谱范围为400~900 nm时,该分光系统在Hg灯546 nm处的分辨率可达51 000,在Na光589 nm处的分辨率为44 000。     

电子式多狭缝组合编码高光谱成像系统

编码孔径光谱成像系统利用空间光调制器对目标信息进行编码,将信号映射到二维探测器面阵上,形成空间和光谱混叠信息,通过重构算法恢复出光谱数据立方体。由于该系统的色散仅仅发生在水平方向上,为了提高编码的效率,提出只在一个方向上具有编码效果的多狭缝组合编码。与目前采用的二维随机编码比较,在取得相同重构结果的前提下,多狭缝组合编码形式简化了数学模型的建立和分析,降低了编码复杂度。在此基础上,利用液晶光阀的开关特性实现实际系统编码,结合PGP(棱镜-透射光栅-棱镜)分光组件搭建光谱成像系统,进行了不同采样率下的实验,得到了高精度的恢复结果,验证了系统编码的可行性,为编码光谱成像系统领域提供了新思路。     

变束棱镜的色散理论

本文从理论上系统地论述了变束棱镜的色散问题,给出了这类棱镜、棱镜系统的角色散理论公式,表明这类特殊棱镜存在一种角色散的放大作用,其放大倍率可达10~2以上,比普通的色散分光棱镜及其系统具有大得多的角色散.     

组合式数显直读光栅光谱仪

常用光谱仪分为棱镜光谱仪、光栅光谱仪和傅立叶光谱仪。棱镜光谱仪自由光谱范围广,但角色散不大且非线性;傅氏光谱仪利用面光源,集光本领强,但完成傅氏变换需大量计算。光栅光谱为正弦光谱,谱线细,分辨本领高;配以滤波片,可扩大自由光谱范围,避免不同级次谱线重叠;改用闪耀光栅可提高光强利用率。目前教学科研多采用光栅作色散元件,但这些光谱仪结构复杂,均需通过繁琐计算或标准谱内插等方法读数。     

Dispersion theory of multiple-prism beam expanders for pulsed dye lasers

The single pass dispersion of multiple-prism beam expanders of interest for practical pulsed dye laser cavities is calculated. The theory is extended to enable evaluation of the overall (outward and return pass) dispersion of multiple-prism-grating combinations. It is found that although the contribution to overall dispersion from the prisms can be minimized (though not eliminated for practical expanders) by arrangement of the prisms in compensating pairs, it is in any case small (≈2%) compared to the contribution to dispersion from the grating in practical cavities. Formulae for dispersion of multiple-prism-grating combinations including up to four prisms arranged in additive or compensating configurations are given; the dispersion of an arbitrary number of prisms arranged in conjunction with a grating can also be calculated. The implications for output linewidth of pulsed dye lasers incorporating prism beam expanders are discussed.     

Polarization and Color Separator Using Binary Phase Grating with Subwavelength Period

A data projector using three liquid crystal display panels has a complex optical system. The illuminating optics separate the beam from a light source into three primary colors and separate those into opposite polarizations using multi-layer films and prisms. A reflection grating with the period of subwavelength has high diffraction efficiency for p polarized light and high regularly reflectance for s polarized light. The diffraction angle of a grating largely depends on the wavelength, because a diffractive optical element (DOE) has large chromatic dispersion. The grating with the period of subwavelength can separate the unpolarized light into polarization components effectively using its polarization dependency and can separate white light into color components using its chromatic dispersion simultaneously. The grating makes the optical system simpler and smaller than those with conventional devices. In this paper the efficiency of polarization separation for the grating is calculated by a rigorous analytical method. Next, the condition for color separation is calculated by Snell#x0027;s law, and an optical system using a grating that performs polarization and color separation is proposed. Experimental results of the DOE fabricated are well matched with those of this simulation.     

Variable Wavelengths Fiber Bragg Gratings Written with A Phase Mask and Four Prisms

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Variable Wavelengths Fiber Bragg Gratings Written with A Phase Mask and Four Prisms

Using only one diffractive element, the Talbot interferometer provides a robust and inherently stable method for reproducing fiber Bragg gratings with variable wavelengths, and reduces the complexity of the fiber grating fabrication system. However, the usable length of the grating is limited by the practical length of the mirrors. This paper presents a phase mask with two fixed prisms and two rotational prisms to inscribe fiber Bragg gratings with variable Bragg wavelengths. In this system, the fiber Bragg grating is inscribed by UV interference stripes of 193 nm derived from two rotational prisms and two fixed prisms, where phase mask is used as a beam splitter of ±1 order diffraction light. It is noteworthy that the tunable phase mask interferometer decreases the demand of the length of prism evidently.     

A prism anamorphic system for Gaussian beam expander

Basic properties are given of the prism anamorphic expander of a Gaussian beam composed of a couple of prisms in tandem. Its shorter overall length for a given expansion, relative ease of optical adjustment, a sharp selection of polarization component, and rather small inclusive dispersion make it an excellent beam expander in a specific laser cavity. The design principle is presented of the prism system with a grating for an anastigmatic optical resonator for a dye laser of narrow linewidth and of short pulse duration.     

棱镜-光栅-棱镜分光模块整体化设计及衍射特性分析

PGP模块是超光谱成像仪中重要分光器件。为了能够在制作前有效预测PGP整个系统的衍射效率分布及其衍射特性,提出了PGP整体化设计方法。从体位相全息光栅设计角度出发,结合棱镜与光栅各项参数的制约关系,编制了计算PGP整体衍射效率的分析软件,综合考察了棱镜与光栅各项参数对PGP模块衍射特性的影响,讨论了光栅布拉格波长的漂移特性,据此设计了一种用于成像光谱仪的宽波段高衍射效率PGP分光模块。模拟结果表明：棱镜1材料的色散系数越小,PGP的光谱带宽越窄;光栅布拉格波长的漂移增大了PGP模块和光栅的光谱带宽,带宽增大使光栅的角度选择性随之增大,拓宽了棱镜1材料的选择要求;棱镜1顶角、光栅的胶层厚度和相对介电常数调制度等参数是影响PGP衍射效率分布的重要因素,制作时需要精确控制。利用此方法设计的PGP分光模块在400～1 000 nm波段范围内衍射效率不低于50%,并给出具体设计参数,这对PGP制作具有一定的参考价值。     

复合折射棱镜的色散研究

理论分析用二种不同材料组成复合色散棱镜的色散量，提出变相色散棱镜，以增大色散量。结论在实验中得到验证。     

利用一块相位掩模和两块棱镜改变光纤光栅的写入Bragg波长

一种相位掩模干涉仪被用于写入不同的Bragg波长的。在该系统中,光纤光栅是由来自两可旋转棱镜所形成的紫外干涉条纹写入的,其中,相位掩模被用作&;#61617;1级衍射光的分束器。并且,当两块顶角由相位掩模的&;#61617;1级衍射角和棱镜折射率确定的棱镜的底部相互平行放置时,该相位掩模给出了Bragg波长的参考值。当Bragg波长的移位为1 nm时,棱镜最大的旋转角为1 degree,最小的旋转角是~2.4 minute。与Talbot干涉仪中平面镜的旋转角~23 second/nm相比,该相位干涉仪中棱镜的旋转精度降低了2~3个数量级。替代了许多具有不同光栅周期的相位掩模,该可调谐相位掩模干涉仪仅用一块相位掩模和两块旋转棱镜就实现了写入具有不同Bragg波长的光栅。