ITER 低温泵外部容器的结构设计与应力分析

ITER 低温泵需要定期再生循环以去除吸附的气体,处于安全考虑氢的累计体积摩尔浓度不能超过 1.5mol⋅m⁻³,从而使得再生的容积必须不小于15m³,需要额外设计容器结构以提供足够的再生容积,同时兼顾支撑和密封的作用。介绍了ITER 低温泵外部容器的结构与功能,并运用有限元分析方法对其不同载荷状况进行了数值计算,为其结构设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

低温泵用吸附材料的研究概述

低温泵广泛应用于真空电子、半导体领域。低温泵的吸附材料对低温泵的工作性能有着重要的影响。综述了低温泵的吸附材料性能与研究现状。首先总结了吸附材料的表征方法及研究内容。然后分别叙述了分子筛、低温霜和活性炭三种低温泵主要用的吸附材料的工作性能,指出其优势和不足。最后以ITER用的低温泵为例说明低温吸附材料的应用。     

制冷机低温泵控制器设计

制冷机低温泵产品配置专用控制器,其目的是实现自动完全再生、获取运行状态信息、提供远程监控接口与操作,提高低温泵产品的自动化水平。在充分研究主流制冷机低温泵产品的基础上,针对12英寸以下口径低温泵,设计了专用控制器,介绍了器件选型、人机界面、软、硬件结构等内容。经过24个月不间断运行测试,验证了低温泵控制器设计的正确性与可靠性。     

制冷机低温泵自动再生系统的研究

制冷机低温泵应用广泛 ,但连续运转时再生必不可少。文中介绍了由单片机组成的制冷机低温泵自动再生系统 ,对再生过程进行了讨论 ,再生参数可由用户设定 ,因此具有自动化程度高 ,使用灵活方便等特点 ,可得到广泛的应用。     

利用两种方法测量空气的密度

利用“排气法”测空气的密度 设容器的净质量为m0，容积为V0，容器内的空气的质量为m，测量标准状态下充满空气时的容器质量为m1，该容器注满密度为ρ0的液体，注满液体后的质量为m2(图1)，那么     

ITER中子屏蔽结构的虚拟装配研究

国际热核实验反应堆ITER计划是一项大型国际研究合作项目。中子屏蔽结构位于真空室内、外壳之间,其作用是屏蔽中子流、降低环向磁场波纹度。中子屏蔽结构的虚拟装配需要与其设计同时进行,以便指导和改进设计。为了实现其虚拟装配,运用反装思路,通过DELMIA创建其拆卸路径来设计并仿真整个装配过程,实时分析其装配间隙,作为对模型进行优化设计的依据。所得结果满足ITER国际组对中子屏蔽结构的设计要求,并为结构的实际装配提供了参考依据。     

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简要介绍了中国承担设计和制造任务的ITER计划采购包的构成情况，分析了ITER采购包采用标准的原则和ITER中国采购包引用标准的特点，总结了ITER中国采购包标准化现状。基于当前ITER中国采购包对标准的需求以及着眼于国内磁约束核聚变长远发展需要，讨论提出了当前ITER中国采购包的标准化策略建议。     

ITER重力支撑系统的有限元模态分析

用ANSYS有限元软件建立了ITER重力支撑系统（20度最小旋转周期）3维有限元分析模型，采用分块（Block Lanczos）法对ITER重力支撑系统进行有限元模态分析。计算分析，ITER重力支撑系统的前10阶固有频率和振型。模态分析结果表明ITER再力支撑结构的韧性板刚度对模态影响较大。     

ITER ELM原型线圈水压降测试

ITER ELM线圈设计用于控制等离子体边界局域模,线圈导体采用氧化镁矿物绝缘导体结构,其中铜导体采用内径33.3mm的中空铬锆铜导体。单匝ELM线圈最高运行电流为15kA,线圈运行过程中铜导体内通入去离子水冷却,设计冷却水流速为8m3/s以保证线圈达到稳定运行温度。等离子体物理研究所完成了ITER内部线圈ELM原型线圈预研及制造并搭建了线圈流动阻力实验平台,并对ELM原型线圈进行压降测试实验。文中介绍了ITER装置中ELM线圈的压降测试平台的设计,对线圈压降实验数据进行分析。对比理论值与实验值,实验结果表明理论计算与实验值基本一致,实验结果具有可信性。     

ITER输运车双密封门系统的设计与分析

介绍了ITER运输车双密封门的系统设计。针对ITER真空室三个典型窗口使用的运输车进行了结构设计,基于有限元数值方法对关键结构部件进行了分析和优化。双密封门系统的设计与分析研究工作为未来ITER运输车国内采购包的工程实现提供技术参考。     

Ionic conductivity of crystalline and glassy Mg4.5Na7(P2O7)4

In our work single crystals of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂O₇)₄ were prepared, pulverized, pressed into pellets and sintered in order to measure the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline specimens. The conductivity was also measured on glassy specimens obtained by the melting of previously prepared crystals. The electrical conductivities at 25°C with values of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for polycrystalline samples and a value of the order of 10⁻¹⁴ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for glass, show that the glassy phase of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂ because of its greater molar volume and loosely packed structure, is a better matrix for ionic motion.     

Magnetic domain walls and pulsed magnetization reversal in amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 ribbon under tension

Magnetization reversal has been studied in long ribbons of Metglas 2826 under tension. At low fields propagating head-on domain boundaries of the Sixtus-Tonks type were observed. Measurements of their lengths, of order 20 to 50 cm, together with a simple magnetostatic model of their structure, yield values of the specific domain wall surface energy γ = 3.8 × 10^-8 σ^1/2 J m^-2 for tensile stress σ Pa. A value A= 5.6 × 10^-12 J m^-1 for the exchange constant follows. The low-fi eld mobility of these domain walls shows no evidence of relaxation damping at speeds below 1.2 m s^-1. The threshold field at which reverse domains nucleate is found to be proportional to the square root of the tension. At high fields (>200 A m^-1) the rough surface of the ribbon (the surface that came in contact with the quenching wheel during manufacture) reverses first and saturates at about the same time as the smooth surface begins to reverse and the volume reversal rate peaks. A simple quantitative model of the high field reversal process satisfactorily predicts both the surface and volume reversal rates. It yields a consistent value β_R = 14 kg m^-2s^-1 for the relaxation damping constant at wall speeds in excess of 13 m s^-1 and estimates the number of reversal nuclei in accord with Yagi and Anayama.     

数字显微全息中记录参数对颗粒测量影响的数值模拟

数字显微全息技术由于具有三维、非接触和实时测量微小空间内流场的能力, 已引起了国内外学者的广泛关注. 利用数字显微全息方法测量微通道流场时, 记录距离、颗粒尺寸、颗粒浓度、入射光波长、CCD分辨率等参数会对颗粒重建结果产生重要影响. 为了评估颗粒浓度和样本空间深度对重建结果的影响, 本文开展了数值模拟研究. 采用基于洛伦兹-米散射理论的程序产生不同浓度的颗粒全息图, 用小波变换重建算法对其进行重建. 结果表明: 在样本空间深度为24 μm 时, 颗粒浓度n_s在3.44×10⁵ mm^-3–13.77×10⁵ mm^-3 范围内时, 颗粒重建率E_p随着颗粒浓度n_s 的增大而迅速减小, 在13.77×10⁵ mm^-3–55.08×10⁵ mm^-3范围内时, 颗粒重建率E_p 随颗粒浓度n_s增大而缓慢减少. 在颗粒浓度n_s (13.77×10⁵ mm^-3) 保持不变时, 颗粒重建率E_p与样本空间深度满足单调递减的线性关系. 当阴影密度不变时, 重建率的变化呈现一定的规律性:当深度L较小时, 样本空间深度对颗粒重建的影响要比颗粒浓度的影响大; 当深度L较大时, 颗粒浓度对颗粒重建的影响较大. 关键词： 数字显微全息 颗粒浓度 粒径误差 位置误差     

The microscopic features of (Li0.5La0.5)TiO3

In ionic conducting materials, the crystal structure is closely related to the ionic conductivity. In this research we studied the microscopic features of Li_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ which exhibited a lithium ionic conductivity as high as 1×10⁻³ Scm⁻¹ at room temperature by XRD, TEM and SIMS. It was found that the superstructure was caused by the ordering of La⁺³ and vacancy, producing the 2a_p×2a_p×2a_p unit cell. This ordering was found to be regular in microscopic region, but became irregular in macroscopic region. Li⁺ showed a random distribution which meet the needs for the fast ionic conduction. The second phase was found to be Li₂TiO₃ which existed in the grain boundary junctions.     

Thermal-expansion anomalies and spontaneous magnetostriction of Lu2Fe17−xSix intermetallic compounds

The thermal expansion of Lu₂Fe_17−xSi_x solid solutions has been measured by X-ray powder diffraction. The magnetic ordering in all compounds within the homogeneity range (x3.4) is accompanied by a large spontaneous volume magnetostriction, distributed anisotropically over the principal axes of the hexagonal crystal structure. The volume effect ω_s in the ground state reaches 14.7×10⁻³ in Lu₂Fe₁₇ and decreases monotonously to 8.9×10⁻³ for x=3.4, following the reduction of magnetic moment. Despite a still large ω_s, the Invar behavior observed in Lu₂Fe₁₇ changes to a positive thermal expansion for x>1 due to an increasing Curie temperature.     

Optical properties and local structure of Eu-doped synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite

The synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite has been hydrothermally synthesized and used as a host in the preparation of a new photoluminescent material. The inclusion of Eu³⁺ in the pores of the sitinakite doubles the unit cell volume and changes the symmetry of the initial sodium phase. The Eu³⁺-doped material displays a stable room temperature emission ascribed to the Eu³⁺ intra-4f^{6 5}D₀→⁷F₀₋₄ transitions, with a maximum external quantum yield of 6%. The observation of two components for the non-degenerated ⁵D₀→⁷F₀ transition, the local field splitting of the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁₋₂ transitions, and the ⁵D₀ emission decay curves point out the presence of two optically active Eu³⁺ sites. Possible structural distribution of the detected Eu³⁺ cations is discussed.     

Differential cohomology of C (a)

Let be a finite dimensional real Lie algebra and ^* its dual. ^* is a Poisson manifold. Thus the space C^∞( ^*) of C^∞ functions on ^* has an associative and a Lie algebra structure. The problem of formal deformations of such a structure needs the determination of some cohomology groups of C^∞( ^*), considered as a module on itself for left multiplication or adjoint representation. We determine here these groups. The result is very similar to the case of C^∞(W), where W is a symplectic manifold except for the Lie algebras h_r × ^m, direct products of Heisenberg and abelian Lie algebras.     

Electroproduction of π from C leading to low-lying residual states in B

Energy distributions of π⁺ produced from ¹²C by electrons of total energy 195 MeV were measured at various angles. The results show large contributions from transitions leaving the residual nucleus in the ground (1⁺), first (2⁺) excited state and states at around 4.5 MeV. The angular distributions of ¹²C(γ, π⁺)¹²B leading to these residual states are deduced from the energy distributions by the unfolding method with the virtual photon theory. Theoretical results with the Helm model and the shell model are compared with the experimental results. Their relative shapes are in good agreement. A better agreement in the absolute value is found for the theoretical results which include the final-state interaction estimated with a pion optical potential. The surface production model shows better agreement with the experimental (γ, π⁺) cross sections than the volume production model.