ITER 失真空事故下铍灰尘分布的数值研究

采用计算流体动力学方法,通过对ITER 装置的设计结构进行合理简化,建立了ITER 装置的三维计算模型,研究了失真空事故下铍灰尘在ITER 装置内的迁移进程,得到了铍灰尘在ITER 装置内的分布情况。通过分析铍灰尘在不同截面高度、不同时刻的分布特性,得到以下结论：随着高度增加,截面位置上的铍灰尘体积分数呈下降趋势;随着时间推移,截面位置上的铍灰尘体积分数呈上升趋势。     

ITER第一壁铍铜连接部件在高热负荷作用下的热性能分析

对ITER屏蔽包层第一壁板铍铜连接件在高热负荷作用下的传热性能进行了分析,模拟了第一壁铍铜连接手指部件的热应力和热应变,得到其对应的热疲劳寿命.计算结果表明,在局部4.7MW?m-2高热负荷作用和ITER水冷条件下,现有设计方案中的铍铜连接件的热性能和热疲劳性能均满足设计要求.     

ITER屏蔽包层第一壁人工缺陷模块热传导计算与分析

设计了3个外形一致的模块,其中两个在铍铜界面处预制有不同尺寸、形状和位置的缺陷,另一个是无缺陷的完整模块。通过有限元计算方法,分析了预制缺陷对温度分布的影响。通过无缺陷的完整模块的传热分析,评估有效的缺陷位置区域,计算了不同尺寸、形状、位置的缺陷的温度分布;根据对热传导基本公式中的各个量分别进行研究,并通过比较各种因素,得到了缺陷影响铍和铜合金界面温度的主要因素。     

ITER水平诊断窗口插件抗震分析与研究

ITER水平诊断窗口插件是位于ITER装置主机赤道面上的重要装置,用于容纳监测等离子体相关诊断参数的设备和仪器。作为一个系统性工程,ITER设计之初就必须考虑地震事件对整体装置的影响。文中运用三维建模软件CATIA对ITER水平诊断窗口插件进行建模,在ANSYS Workbench采用SMS谱和PALEO谱作为反应谱对窗口插件进行响应谱分析,采用根据ITER的各个不同部位在真空室中的位置,来估算出其受到地震影响时的加速度值的方法进行抗震分析,并对分析结果进行了对比。计算结果均表明,ITER水平诊断窗口插件满足其抗震设计的要求,为整个ITER的设计工作提供了工程理论依据。     

基于FW-H方程的Hartmann哨辐射声场数值研究*

该文基于声类比法,通过求解FW-H方程,对不同喷口与谐振腔位置关系的Hartmann哨的声场分布进行了分析,计算了不同位置关系的Hartmann哨的声指向性。得到了以下结论:喷口与谐振腔位置关系对Hartmann哨的发声基频几乎不产生影响。对称位置关系的Hartmann哨的声场呈对称趋势,且在垂直于喷流方向上达到最大;非对称位置关系的Hartmann哨不再呈现对称趋势。Hartmann哨的最大声压级随着偏离对称位置的距离的增加有小幅增加,最大声压级出现的方向向着谐振腔方向移动。     

基于广义等价理论的高保真共振计算方法

采用伪核素方法,建立了能够精确快速处理干涉效应的计算方法,在分析广义等价理论特点的基础上,提出了高保真的共振计算方法。该方法首先根据实际问题的几何,建立238U的非均匀共振积分表,基于此核素采用广义等价理论处理栅元间的互屏效应,获得不同位置燃料棒的背景截面,然后根据背景截面在非均匀截面表中插值建立不同燃料棒的等效栅元,在此栅元的基础上根据实际问题中燃料棒内的温度分布和核素分布进行超细群计算,从而获得燃料棒内不同位置共振核素高保真的有效共振截面。     

垂直位移事故中ITER屏蔽包层的电磁场分析

采用有限元方法计算了垂直位移事故中ITER包层系统及周围主要部件的电磁场力和力矩。通过ANSYS APDL动态模拟垂直位移事件过程中等离子体电流的形状和大小,并加载外界磁场,计算得到了包括包层在内的所有导体内部的感应电流分布。通过计算,得到了各个位置的包层模块的力和力矩,可用于评估该事故下包层系统的安全性。     

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采用有限元方法计算了垂直位移事故中ITER包层系统及周围主要部件的电磁场力和力矩。通过ANSYS APDL动态模拟垂直位移事件过程中等离子体电流的形状和大小,并加载外界磁场,计算得到了包括包层在内的所有导体内部的感应电流分布。通过计算,得到了各个位置的包层模块的力和力矩,可用于评估该事故下包层系统的安全性。     

HL-2M装置雪花减偏滤器热疲劳分析

利用SOLPS软件,采用有限元数值计算方法,模拟计算了HL-2M装置雪花减偏滤器靶板上热负载分布,分析了偏滤器温度及热应力分布,并使用ITER内部器件设计评判标准对HL-2M偏滤器结构进行热疲劳寿命的评估。结果表明,在低周循环下靶板大部分区域不会经历严重的塑性疲劳,但距离外侧抽气口4mm位置拱顶区域循环寿命约为1963次。模拟结果对HL-2M装置偏滤器设计具有一定参考意义。     

激光光切法测量不规则堆料的截面面积

在分析现有各种三维测量方法的基础上,提出了基于光切图像扫描法的三维测量方法。该方法通过扫描移动堆料,获取堆料上一系列平行截面的轮廓线,并计算出截面面积,然后根据各截面面积和扫描间距解算出物体体积。在此基础上,设计完成了实验检测装置,开发了处理与测量软件。对不同形状的物体进行了多次实验测试,验证了测量方法的可行性和重复性。     

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根据第一壁后聚变中子通量和能谱的空间分布和 ITER 可能输出的聚变功率、聚变中子产额、第一壁(产氚包层)之后的中子通量的蒙塔-卡罗中子输运(MCNP)计算,对氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)的聚变中子诊断提出概念性设计,本设计提出用固定位置微型裂变室探测器和可移动封装薄箔活化分析系统测量中子倍增器之后、固体氚增殖剂中及其后的中子通量;用可移动天然金刚石探测器的紧凑型能谱仪测量中子能谱。     

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给出了氦冷却固体增殖剂中子学和产氚包层模块(NT-TBM-HCSB)聚变中子诊断的初步设计,提出了用固定或可移动位置微型裂变室探测器和可移动封装薄箔活化分析系统测量中子倍增器之后、固体氚增殖剂中及其后的中子通量;用可移动天然金刚石探测器的紧凑型能谱仪测量中子能谱。此诊断系统可用于中子倍增器的倍增效率,氚增殖层的增殖率与热核实验聚变堆的运行参数、加热和加料方式、磁流体不稳定性、能量约束以及大破裂等离子体参数和状态之间的工程和物理相关关系的实验研究,测量倍增层、氚增殖包层及其后进入屏蔽层的中子通量和能谱,并与MCNP计算相比较,优化和改进中子倍增器、氚增殖包层以及屏蔽层设计,提高氚增殖率。     

High Heat Flux Tests of Small-scale Be/Cu Mock-ups for ITER

High temperature HIP joining technology of Be/CuCrZr alloy or DS-Cu has been applied by Europe and Japan for the frabrication of ITER first wall. At the first stage of our research, high temperature HIP joining of Be/CuCrZr alloy was investigated by referencing their successful experience and Ti was selected as interlayer. Since the first wall will receive high heat flux during ITER operation, the heat load resistance capabilities, in particular thermal fatigue property is a crucial criterion of FW mock-ups. In order to test the heat load resistance capabilities of Be/CuCrZr joints, an electron beam heat load facility with beryllium handling capability has been constructed and heat removal performances and thermal cycling tests of Be/CuCrZr joints were carried out.     

Hydrogen interaction with Al2O3-coated tungsten under plasma irradiation

The effect of amorphous films of Al₂O₃ on deuterium trapping in polycrystalline tungsten under plasma irradiation (150 eV/D) and high fluence (up to 4 × 10²⁴ D/m²) was studied by the methods of nuclear reaction product spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. It was determined that the hydrogen permeation blocking properties of aluminium oxide lead to a great increase in deuterium trapped in tungsten. With the complete erosion of the film, this effect continues but with a lower amplitude. Extrapolation of this property to beryllium oxide implies that the presence of beryllium oxide on the surface of the tungsten tiles of the ITER leads to a considerable increase in the tritium inventories accumulated in them.     

Simulation of Dust Particle Trajectories in an Electrostatic Probe with the Purpose of Increasing Its Efficiency

Formation of dust particles and clusters is observed in almost all modern fusion devices. Accumulation of dust in next-generation thermonuclear installations can significantly affect plasma parameters and lead to accumulation of unacceptably large amounts of tritium. The use of a specially developed electrostatic probe is planned in the international thermonuclear experimental reactor ITER to collect dust for further analysis. The article describes a numerical model of movement of dust particles in an electrostatic probe. Dust particle trajectories inside the probe are analyzed. Several electrostatic probe design modifications are proposed on the basis of the analysis in order to increase the efficiency of dust collection.     

Small Mass Ratio Limit of Boltzmann Equations in the Context of the Study of Evolution of Dust Particles in a Rarefied Atmosphere

We propose a model based on the coupling of two Boltzmann-like equations for the study of the evolution of dust particles in a rarefied atmosphere, such as it can be found in the context of safety studies for the ITER project of nuclear fusion. When the typical size of a dust speck becomes too large, the numerical simulation of the system under study becomes too expensive, and one needs to introduce an asymptotic model in which the mass ratio between molecules and dust specks tends to 0. This model is constituted of a coupling (by a drag force term) between a Boltzmann equation and a Vlasov equation.     

Efficiency of Tungsten Dust Collection of Different Types of Dust Particles by Electrostatic Probe

Formation of dust particles and clusters is observed in almost every modern thermonuclear facility. Accumulation of dust in the next generation thermonuclear installations can dramatically affect the plasma parameters and lead to the accumulation of unacceptably large amounts of tritium. Experiments on collection of dust particles by a model of electrostatic probe developed for collection of metallic dust at ITER are described in the article. Experiments on the generation of tungsten dust consisting of flakes formed during the destruction of tungsten layers formed on the walls of the plasma chamber sputtered from the surface of the tungsten target by plasma ions were conducted. The nature of dust degassing at elevated temperatures and the behavior of dust in an electric field were studied. The results obtained are compared with the results of the experiments with dust consisting of crystal particles of simple geometric shapes. The effectiveness of collection of both types of dust using the model of an electrostatic probe is determined.     

Experimental and theoretical investigations of absorbance spectra for edge-plasma monitoring in fusion reactors

This present paper deals with the spectral characterization of dusty plasmas such as those produced during ITER fusion experiments. Such plasma formed in a small radio frequency plasma reactor with acetylene was characterized using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and laser scattering, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The plasma absorbance spectra thus obtained in the visible and infrared wavelengths exhibit special features associated with the dust particle growth which absorbs and scatters IR light. This experimental absorbance behavior is reproduced using a dedicated radiation modeling based on the Mie theory and the Monte Carlo simulation. The bimodal distribution assumed for particle sizes brings the model-determined optical properties closer to the experimental dust absorbance than the normal and uniform distributions. Dust formation mechanism is further discussed comparing the experimental and simulated absorbance.