316L������ھ�̬Һ̬��еĸ�ʴ��Ϊ�о�

利用脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱仪(LIBS)结合SEM、EDX和维氏硬度(HV)等分析手段,分析了316L不锈钢在350℃的液态锂中静态腐蚀500h后的腐蚀特性.微观形貌分析表明:样品存在较明显的晶间腐蚀,其腐蚀层厚度约为2.7μm.硬度分析表明:腐蚀后表面硬度值约HV234.72,约是腐蚀前硬度值的0.78倍.LIBS组分分析表明:经液态锂腐蚀后的样品表面Ni、Cr等元素含量相对减少;在被腐蚀区域Li元素含量随激光击打深度的增加而减少,而Ni、Cr等元素含量与之近似呈成正比递增;母材区Li元素的渗透深度约3.5μm,约是焊缝区的0.6倍.     

液态金属锂对于316L不锈钢焊接件的腐蚀行为研究

通过失重法结合SEM、金相分析等手段,研究了含焊缝的316L 不锈钢试样在350°C、0.15MPa 液态锂中500h 的静态腐蚀,并采用LIBS 结合台阶仪表征液态锂的渗入深度。结果表明,锂对含焊缝的316L 不锈钢样式的平均腐蚀速率为99.8mg·m^-2·h^-1;腐蚀深度为6.4μm;渗入深度在316L 不锈钢焊缝处为8.6μm,在母材处为4.8μm。在焊缝处锂对材料有明显的晶间腐蚀。     

316L不锈钢在静态液态锂中的腐蚀行为研究

利用脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱仪(LIBS)结合SEM、EDX和维氏硬度(HV)等分析手段,分析了316L不锈钢在350℃的液态锂中静态腐蚀500h后的腐蚀特性。微观形貌分析表明：样品存在较明显的晶间腐蚀,其腐蚀层厚度约为2.7μm。硬度分析表明：腐蚀后表面硬度值约HV234.72,约是腐蚀前硬度值的0.78倍。LIBS组分分析表明：经液态锂腐蚀后的样品表面Ni、Cr等元素含量相对减少;在被腐蚀区域Li元素含量随激光击打深度的增加而减少,而Ni、Cr等元素含量与之近似呈成正比递增;母材区Li元素的渗透深度约3.5μm,约是焊缝区的0.6倍。     

ITER��һ��CuCrZr/316L(N)���ϰ�����������

以CuCrZr合金板为基板,316L(N)-IG不锈钢板为复板,制作了CuCrZr/316L(N)-IG爆炸复合板用于ITER第一壁热沉部件。对其进行了金相试验、硬度测试以及拉伸试验等。结果显示,复合板界面层具有明显的波状组织,平均波长和波高分别为1200μm和500μm,室温下抗拉强度达到394MPa。用复合板制作了6个第一壁小模块,进行质量认证试验,结果表明其满足ITER要求。     

ITER第一壁CuCrZr/316L(N)复合板的制作及检测

以CuCrZr合金板为基板,316L(N)-IG不锈钢板为复板,制作了CuCrZr/316L(N)-IG爆炸复合板用于ITER第一壁热沉部件。对其进行了金相试验、硬度测试以及拉伸试验等。结果显示,复合板界面层具有明显的波状组织,平均波长和波高分别为1200μm和500μm,室温下抗拉强度达到394MPa。用复合板制作了6个第一壁小模块,进行质量认证试验,结果表明其满足ITER要求。     

�۱����CLF-1 ����316L ��TIG ���ӽ�ͷ��֯�����ܳ����о�

A preliminary study of microstructure and properties of the welded joint of low activation CLF-1 steel used for fusion reactor and 316L dissimilar metal by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding using W19123L as filler material, has been performed. The welded joint forming is proved well and without defect. The welded joint consists of CLF-1 zone [base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), fusion zone (FZ)], inside layer (IL), weld zone (WZ), and 316L zone (BM, HAZ, FZ). Tensile strength of the joint is better than the base metal minimum value in room temperature. Both surfaces of welded joint are without crack and with deformation uniformity under the bending test. The distribution of impact value of the joint is concave-like and satisfies the designed values for the welded joint, the WZ’s value is the lowest, the HAZ’s of both WZ zones is the second, the BM’s was the best, and the 316L steel zone’s is slightly larger than the CLF-1 zone’s. The hardness values of the point under the 1.6mm top surface of welded joint have a larger fluctuation range, and is slightly higher than those of 1/2T and above down surface 1.6mm position. The hardness distribution of 1/2T and above the down surface 1.6mm position is roughly uniform, and has a downward trend from the CLF-1 zone to 316L zone. Welding properties generally has remained stable and satisfy the requirement of dissimilar steel welding performance matching.     

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对流动的液态锂限制器回路平台的热力学及流动性进行了分析.通过ANSYS分析发现,限制器工作在350℃的温度下,通过真空室壁内侧添加的热屏蔽层及氦冷的应用,可以有效地控制真空室壁的温度在180℃以下.对注锂管法兰的温度分析发现,通过流速2.5m.s-1的水冷设计,能够控制法兰刀口位置的温度在60℃左右.根据液态锂2m3.h-1的流量设计要求,分别估算了液态锂回路中沿程阻力损失及局部阻力损失,综合回路中的锂流动盘与电磁泵之间的高度压差,计算出液态锂驱动所需的电磁泵压头为14.2m.根据流动液态锂实验回路的热力学及流动性分析,设计完成了液态锂回路并开展了流动液态锂实验.实验结果表明,系统温度控制合适,没有出现真空室或注锂法兰过热引起的泄漏.同时电磁泵能够克服阀门及管道的阻力等顺利的驱动液态锂流动形成闭合的循环回路.     

316L/RAFM钢电子束焊对接接头的微观组织与力学性能研究

在150kV/39mA的焊接参数下进行了316L/RAFM钢电子束焊工艺实验,对接头微观组织与力学性能进行了测试分析。在存在磁偏转的情况下,有效焊接深度达到了18mm,且焊接接头性能良好。     

Ƶ�ʵ��ƶ�ICRH �����迹ƥ���Ӱ���о�

采用三支节液态调配器使离子回旋加热(ICRH)天线系统达到阻抗匹配,在阻抗匹配的条件下结合频率调制技术来减小由天线输入阻抗变化所引起的反射功率。数值模拟了频率调制前后天线负载与反射系数的变化关系,用来验证频率调制对ICRH天线中阻抗匹配装置的影响。模拟结果表明:三支节液态调配器结合频率调制方法,能更好地降低天线传输系统的反射系数,使得发射机的功率通过天线辐射更加有效地耦合到等离子体中去。     

Electrophoretic deposition of PVA coated hydroxyapatite on 316L stainless steel

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated hydroxyapatite was deposited onto a 316L stainless steel substrate by electrophoretic deposition. Deposition was carried out in a methanol suspension at pH 5.5 using a graphite rod as an anode. Parameters such as PVA concentration, deposition voltage and time were optimized to achieve a homogeneous, crack-free adhesive coating. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the phase composition of the coated materials and the stability of hydroxyapatite in the presence of PVA.     

Effect of surface nanocrystallization induced by fast multiple rotation rolling on hardness and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel

A nanostructured layer was fabricated by using fast multiple rotation rolling (FMRR) on the surface of 316L stainless steel. The microstructure in the surface was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of FMRR on the microhardness, surface roughness and corrosion behavior of the stainless steel were investigated by microhardness measurements, surface roughness measurements, potentiodynamic polarization curves and pitting corrosion tests. The surface morphologies of pitting corrosion specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that FMRR can cause surface nanocrystallization with the grain size ranges from 6 to 24 nm in the top surface layer of the sample. The microhardness of FMRR specimen in the top surface layer remarkably increases from 190 to 530 HV. However, the surface roughness slightly rises after FMRR treatment. The potentiodynamic polarization curves and pitting corrosion tests indicated that the FMRR treated 316L stainless steel with a surface nanocrystallized layer reduced the corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution and enhanced the pitting corrosion rate in a FeCl₃ solution. Possible reasons leading to the decrease in corrosion resistance were discussed.     

Collagen immobilization on 316L stainless steel surface with cathodic deposition of calcium phosphate

Collagen fibril/(calcium phosphate and carbonate) composite coatings on 316L stainless steel were developed with a cathodic deposition technique. The response of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells to the collagen/calcium salt-coated 316L steel was investigated. The collagen fibrils were self-assembled on the 316L steel surface and immobilized by their partial incorporation into a calcium salt layer electrodeposited cathodically in Hanks’ solution. The amount of calcium salt depended on the applied cathodic potential. The mineralization of collagen fibrils was observed. The collagen coverage localized and the composition of calcium salts varied on the same specimen. Such non-uniform surfaces affected the cell response. The observed outlines of cell bodies and nuclei on the thin collagen coating were clearer than those on the thick collagen coating in most cases. The collagen coating did not significantly influence the mean viability of cells on the whole specimen surface. Interestingly, the alkaline phosphatase activity per cell on the collagen/calcium salt-coated specimens was higher than that on the as-received specimen. It was revealed that cathodic deposition is an effective technique to immobilize collagen fibrils on a 316L steel surface.     

Deuterium transport and isotope effects in type 316L stainless steel at high temperatures for nuclear fusion and nuclear hydrogen technology applications

We present the first complete data set for the permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of both deuterium and hydrogen in 316L stainless steel (316L SS) obtained over a wide temperature range of 350–850 °C that accommodates both nuclear fusion and nuclear hydrogen technology applications. The deuterium results were also compared with the hydrogen results to estimate the isotope effect. The isotope effect ratio for diffusivity was different from the classical prediction. Furthermore, some of our results were compared with the results previously reported for 316 SS. Results and discussion are presented with an emphasis on the deuterium permeation and isotope effects.     

Corrosion behavior of low energy,high temperature nitrogen ion-implanted AISI 304 stainless steel

This work presents the results of a low-energy nitrogen ion implantation of AISI 304 type stainless steel (SS) at a moderate temperature of about 500°C. The nitrogen ions are extracted from a Kauffman-type ion source at an energy of 30 keV, and ion current density of 100 μA cm⁻². Nitrogen ion concentration of 6 × 10¹⁷, 8 × 10¹⁷ and 10¹⁸ ions cm⁻², were selected for our study. The X-ray diffraction results show the formation of CrN polycrystalline phase after nitrogen bombardment and a change of crystallinity due to the change in nitrogen ion concentration. The secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) results show the formation of CrN phases too. Corrosion test has shown that corrosion resistance is enhanced by increasing nitrogen ion concentration.      

Corrosion monitoring of stainless steel 304L in lithium bromide aqueous solution using transmittance optical detection technique

We report a method based on the power ratio of transmittance for monitoring the corrosion rate in stainless steel 304L immersed in an aqueous solution of lithium bromide at 50 wt%, at 70 °C. The optical transmittance measured in the solution contaminated with corrosion oxides at different times of exposure is related to the physical degradation of the stainless steel samples. Lasers at 532 and 632 nm were utilized for monitoring the accumulation of corrosion oxides dissolved in the lithium bromide solution of the metallic samples for 480 h. The change in the optical power of transmittance was 13 μW/480 h measured at 532 nm and 3.6 μW/480 h at 632 nm. The variation of the power ratio for 532 nm was from 0.01 to 0.24, and for 632 nm, from 0.01×10⁻³ to 15.61×10⁻³; this is proportional to an accumulated corrosion rate of [0.0142×10⁻³–0.552×10⁻³ g/cm²] for an exposure time of 432 h.     

Assessment of surface relief and short cracks under cyclic creep in a type 316LN austenitic stainless steel

Formation of surface relief and short cracks under cyclic creep (stress-controlled fatigue) in type 316LN stainless steel was studied at temperatures ranging from ambient to 923 K using scanning electron microscopy technique. The surface topography and crack distribution behaviour under cyclic creep were found to be strong functions of testing temperature due to the difference in strain accumulation. At 823 K, surface relief mainly consisted of fine slip markings due to negligible accumulation of strain as a consequence of dynamic strain ageing (DSA) which led to an increase in the cyclic life. Persistent slip markings (PSM) with distinct extrusions containing minute cracks were seen to prevail in the temperature range 873–923 K, indicating a higher slip activity causing higher strain accumulation in the absence of DSA. Besides, a large number of secondary cracks (both transgranular and intergranular) which were partially accentuated by severe oxidation, were observed. Extensive cavitation-induced grain boundary cracking took place at 923 K, which coalesced with PSM-induced transgranular cracks resulting in failure dominated by creep that in turn led to a drastic reduction in cyclic life. Investigations on the influence of stress rate were also carried out which underlined the presence of DSA at 823 K. At 923 K, lowering the stress rate caused further strengthening of the contribution from creep damage marked by a shift in the damage mechanism from cyclic slip to diffusion.