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1.
Kyung Hwan Kim Dae Sung Chung Chan Eon Park Dong Hoon Choi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(1):55-64
New dithienothiophene‐containing conjugated polymers, such as poly(2,6‐bis(2‐thiophenyl‐3‐dodecylthiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2‐b;2′,3′‐d]thiophene, 4 and poly(2,6‐bis (2‐thiophenyl‐4‐dodecylthiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2‐b;2′,3′‐d]thiophene, 8 have been successfully synthesized via Stille coupling reactions using dodecyl‐substituted thiophene‐based monomers, bistributyltin dithienothiophene, and bistributyltin bithiophene; these polymers have been fully characterized. The main difference between the two polymers is the substitution position of the dodecyl side chains in the repeating group. Grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GI‐XRD) gave clear evidence of edge‐on orientation of polycrystallites to the substrate. The semiconducting properties of the two polymers have been evaluated in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The two conjugated polymers 4 and 8 exhibit fairly high hole carrier mobilities as high as μave = 0.05 cm2/Vs (ION/OFF = 3.42 × 104) and μave = 0.01 cm2/Vs, (ION/OFF = 1.3 × 105), respectively, after thermal annealing process. The solvent annealed films underwent reorganization of the molecules to induce higher crystallinity. Well‐defined atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography supported a significant improvement in TFT device performance. The hole carrier mobilities of the solvent annealed films are comparable to those obtained for a thermally annealed sample, and were one‐order higher than those obtained with a pristine sample. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
2.
Poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) [F8BT], displays very different charge‐transport properties for holes versus electrons when comparing annealed and pristine thin films and transport parallel (intrachain) and perpendicular (interchain) to the polymer axes. The present theoretical contribution focuses on the electron‐transport properties of F8BT chains and compares the efficiency of intrachain versus interchain transport in the hopping regime. The theoretical results rationalize significantly lowered electron mobility in annealed F8BT thin films and the smaller mobility anisotropy (μ∥/μ⊥) measured for electrons in aligned films (i.e. 5–7 compared to 10–15 for holes). 相似文献
3.
Control of vertical distribution of thiophene‐based copolymers containing 4,7‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[C][1,2,5]thiadiazole and 3,6‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐C]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione as Side Groups for Photovoltaics
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Min‐Hee Choi Tae Ho Lee Yong Woon Han Doo Kyung Moon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(17):2746-2759
Four new D—A type copolymers with 2D‐conjugated side‐chain identified PfToBT, PbToBT, PfTDPP and PbTDPP, containing two acceptors 4,7‐dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) linked by thiophene donors, are obtained using Pd‐catalyzed Stille‐coupling reaction. These polymers show a broad visible‐near‐infrared absorption band (Eg = 1.79–1.66 eV) and possess a relatively low‐lying HOMO level at ?5.34 to ?5.12 eV. All the polymer:PC70BM blend films showed edge‐on structure and have similar dπ‐spacing values. According to the structure of conjugated side‐chain, the vertical distributions of polymer chains and PC70BM within the BHJ (bulk heterojunction) were different. When DPP used as an acceptor, conjugated side chains of the polymer coexisted with PC70BM in same position. The BHJ film prepared from PfToBT, PbToBT had a discontinuous network between polymer and PC70BM, whereas films from PfTDPP and PbTDPP formed continuous and evenly distributed network between them. This optimized vertical morphology promotes hole transport along respective pathways of polymers and fullerenes in the vertical direction, leading to high JSC. PbTDPP shows PCE up to 2.9% (Jsc of 9.4 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.68 V, and FF of 0.44). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2746–2759 相似文献
4.
Pei‐Tzu Wu Guoqiang Ren Felix S. Kim Chaoxu Li Raffaele Mezzenga Samson A. Jenekhe 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(3):614-626
We report the synthesis, characterization, microphase separation, field‐effect charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(3‐cyclohexylthiophene) (P3HT‐b‐P3cHT). Two compositions of P3HT‐b‐P3cHT (HcH63 and HcH77) were synthesized with weight‐average molecular weights of 155,500 and 210,800 and polydispersity indices of 1.45 and 1.57, respectively. Solvent‐casted HcH77 was found to self‐assemble into nanowires with a width of 12.5 ± 0.9 nm and aspect ratios of 50–120, as observed by TEM imaging. HcH77 and HcH63 annealed 280 °C were observed by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) to be microphase‐separated with characteristic length scales of 17.0–21.7 nm. The microphase‐separated domains were shown to be crystalline with interlayer backbone (100) d‐spacings of 1.69 and 1.40 nm, which correspond to the P3HT and P3cHT blocks, respectively. Field‐effect transistors fabricated from P3HT‐b‐P3cHT thin films showed a mobility of holes (0.0019 cm2/Vs) which is independent of thermal annealing. Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on HcH77/fullerene (PC71BM) blend thin films had a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.45% under 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 solar illumination in air. These results demonstrate that all‐conjugated block copolymers are suitable semiconductors for applications in field‐effect transistors and bulk heterojunction solar cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 614–626, 2010 相似文献
5.
Regular conjugated terpolymers comprising two different acceptors and bithiophene donor in repeating group: Effect of strong and weak acceptors on semiconducting properties
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Duc Nghia Nguyen Trinh Tung Ngo Dae Hee Lee Min Ju Cho Dong Hoon Choi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(10):1339-1347
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based terpolymers—P(DPP‐TPyT) and P(DPP‐T3MTT)—bearing bithiophene donating groups and weak accepting units such as pyridine (Py) or methyl thiophene‐3‐carboxylate (3MT), in the polymer backbone, were successfully synthesized. Although the two polymers had similar physical and electrochemical properties, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction patterns of P(DPP‐TPyT) and P(DPP‐T3MTT) showed mixed and edge‐on orientations, respectively, in thermally annealed films. Accordingly, the P(DPP‐T3MTT) showed twice the hole mobility of P(DPP‐TPyT) in a thin‐film transistor, and a blended film of P(DPP‐T3MTT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) showed better power conversion efficiency in a polymer solar cell. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1339‐1347 相似文献
6.
Synthesis,characterization, and thin‐film properties of 6‐oxoverdazyl polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
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Joseph A. Paquette Sabastine Ezugwu Vishal Yadav Giovanni Fanchini Joe B. Gilroy 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(12):1803-1813
Redox‐active 6‐oxoverdazyl polymers were synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and their solution, bulk, and thin‐film properties investigated. Detailed studies of the ROMP method employed confirmed that stable radical polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð < 1.2) were produced. Thermal gravimetric analysis of a representative example of the title polymers demonstrated stability up to 190 °C, while differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed a glass transition temperature of 152 °C. Comparison of the spectra of 6‐oxoverdazyl monomer 12 and polymer 13 , including FT‐IR, UV‐vis absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to confirm the tolerance of the ROMP mechanism for the 6‐oxoverdazyl radical both qualitatively and quantitatively. Cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrated the ambipolar redox properties of polymer 13 (E1/2,ox = 0.25 and E1/2,red = ?1.35 V relative to ferrocene/ferrocenium), which were consistent with those of monomer 12 . The charge transport properties of thin films of polymer 13 were studied before and after a potential of 5 V was applied, revealing a drastic drop in the resistivity from 106?1010 Ω m or more to 1.7 × 104 Ω m and suggesting the potential usefulness of polymer 13 in bistable electronics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1803–1813 相似文献
7.
Maria Kanidi Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos Athanasios Skandalis Maria Kandyla Stergios Pispas 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2019,57(11):670-679
We developed thin films of blends of polystyrene (PS) with the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) (PS/PNIPAM) and its diblock copolymer polystyrene‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM) in different blend ratios, and we study their surface morphology and thermoresponsive wetting behavior. The blends of PS/PNIPAM and PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM are spin‐casted on flat silicon surfaces with various drying conditions. The surface morphology of the films depends on the blend ratio and the drying conditions. The PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM films do not show an increase in their water contact angles with temperature, as it is expected by the presence of the PNIPAM block. All PS/PNIPAM films show an increase in the water contact angle above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, which depends on the ratio of PNIPAM in the blend and is insensitive to the drying conditions of the films. The difference between the wetting behavior of PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM and PS/PNIPAM films is due to the arrangement of the PNIPAM chains in the film. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 670–679 相似文献
8.
Direct arylation polymerization toward ultra‐low bandgap poly(thienoisoindigo‐alt‐diketopyrrolepyrrole) conjugated polymers: The effect of β‐protection on the polymerization and properties of the polymers
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Kai Wang Jing Huang Jieun Ko Wei Lin Leong Mingfeng Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(19):3205-3213
Direct arylation polymerization between derivatives of dibromodiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thienoisoindigo (TIIG) resulted in two π‐conjugated copolymers with average molecular weights up to 24.0 kDa and bandgaps as low as 0.8 eV. The structural analysis of the obtained two polymers revealed well‐defined alternating conjugation backbones without obvious structural defects. The introduction of hexyl‐group in the β‐position of thiophene rings in the DPP units not only reduces the bandgap of conjugated polymer compared to a similar polymer containing bare‐thiophene flanked DPP but also affects polymer morphology in thin films. P‐type charge‐transport characteristics were observed for two polymers in organic field‐effect transistors with comparable hole mobilities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3205–3213 相似文献
9.
Joo Bin Lee Kyung Hwan Kim Chang Seop Hong Dong Hoon Choi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(14):2809-2818
New diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐containing amorphous conjugated polymers, such as poly(3‐(5‐((9,10‐bis((4‐hexylphenyl)ethynyl)‐6‐(prop‐1‐ynyl)anthracen‐2‐yl)ethynyl) thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐2‐(2‐octyldodecyl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) ( 4 ), and poly(3‐(5‐((2,6‐bis((4‐hexylphenyl)ethynyl)‐10‐(prop‐1‐ynyl)anthracen‐9‐yl)ethynyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐6‐(thio phen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) ( 7 ), were successfully synthesized via Sonogashira coupling reactions under microwave conditions. Copolymer 7 , incorporating a DPP moiety at the 9,10‐position of the anthracene ring through a triple bond, showed a much lower bandgap energy (Eg = 1.81 eV) than copolymer 4 (Eg = 2.13 eV). Tuning of the molecular frontier orbital energies was achieved by only changing the anchoring position of dithiophenyl‐DPP from the 2,6‐ to the 9,10‐position in the anthracene ring. Because of the donor–acceptor (D–A) interaction and the two‐dimensional planar structure of the X‐shaped donor monomer, the resulting polymers showed good interchain π?π stacking in the thin‐film state, despite being amorphous polymers. When the newly synthesized polymer 7 was used as a semiconductor material in an organic thin‐film transistor, the best mobility of up to 0.12 cm2 V?1 s?1 (Ion/off = ~ 4.4 × 106) was observed, which is one of the highest values recorded for amorphous polymer films reported to date. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
10.
Jean‐Marc Schumers Charles‐André Fustin Jean‐François Gohy 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(3):599-608
The light‐responsive behavior in solution and in thin films of block copolymers bearing 2‐nitrobenzyl photocleavable esters as side groups is discussed in this article. The polymers were synthesized by grafting 2‐nitrobenzyl moieties onto poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) precursor polymers, leading to poly(2‐nitrobenzyl acrylate‐random‐acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (P(NBA‐r‐AA)‐b‐PS) block copolymers. The UV irradiation of the block copolymers in a selective solvent for PS led to the formation of micelles that were used to trap hydrophilic molecules inside their core (light‐induced encapsulation). In addition, thin films consisting of light‐responsive P(NBA‐r‐AA) cylinders surrounded by a PS matrix were achieved by the self‐assembly of P(NBA‐r‐AA)‐b‐PS copolymers onto silicon substrates. Exposing these films to UV irradiation generates nanostructured materials containing carboxylic acids inside the cylindrical nanodomains. The availability of these chemical functions was demonstrated by reacting them with a functional fluorescent dye. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
11.
Jörgen Metsik Kristjan Saal Uno Mäeorg Rünno Lõhmus Silver Leinberg Hugo Mändar Margus Kodu Martin Timusk 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2014,52(8):561-571
Transparent [90% transmittance at 550 nm at a sheet resistance (Rs) of 279 Ω sq?1] poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films with electrical conductivities up to 1354 S cm?1 are prepared using base‐inhibited vapor phase polymerization at atmospheric pressure. The influence of reaction conditions, such as temperature and growth time, on the film formation is investigated. A simple and convenient two‐electrode method is used for the in situ measurement of resistance, enabling to investigate the growth mechanism of polymer films and the influence of different parameters (relative humidity and the amount of oxidant) on the film growth. Low humidity exerts a detrimental effect on film growth and conductivity. In situ Rs measurements suggest that a large structural change occurs upon washing the PEDOT‐oxidant film. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 561–571 相似文献
12.
Pranabesh Dutta Hanok Park Minjae Oh Sushil Bagde In Nam Kang Soo‐Hyoung Lee 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(13):2948-2958
A set of three donor‐acceptor conjugated (D‐A) copolymers were designed and synthesized via Stille cross‐coupling reactions with the aim of modulating the optical and electronic properties of a newly emerged naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene donor unit for polymer solar cell (PSCs) applications. The PTNDTT‐BT , PTNDTT‐BTz , and PTNDTT‐DPP polymers incorporated naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene ( NDT ) as the donor and 2,2′‐bithiazole ( BTz ), benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole ( BT ), and pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione ( DPP ), as the acceptor units. A number of experimental techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy were used to determine the thermal, optical, electrochemical, and morphological properties of the copolymers. By introducing acceptors of varying electron withdrawing strengths, the optical band gaps of these copolymers were effectively tuned between 1.58 and 1.9 eV and their HOMO and LUMO energy levels were varied between ?5.14 to ?5.26 eV and ?3.13 to ?3.5 eV, respectively. The spin‐coated polymer thin film exhibited p‐channel field‐effect transistor properties with hole mobilities of 2.73 × 10?3 to 7.9 × 10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1. Initial bulk‐heterojunction PSCs fabricated using the copolymers as electron donor materials and [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor resulted in power conversion efficiencies in the range of 0.67–1.67%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2948–2958 相似文献
13.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Lithium Titanate Thin Films and Monoliths as an Anode Material for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
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Dr. Fadime Mert Balcı Ömer Ulaş Kudu Prof. Eda Yılmaz Prof. Ömer Dag 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(52):18873-18880
Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin film is an important anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Mesoporous films could be prepared by self‐assembly processes. A molten‐salt‐assisted self‐assembly (MASA) process is used to prepare mesoporous thin films of LTOs. Clear solutions of CTAB, P123, LiNO3, HNO3, and Ti(OC4H9)4 in ethanol form gel‐like meso‐ordered films upon either spin or spray coating. In the assembly process, the CTAB/P123 molar ratio of 14 is required to accommodate enough salt species in the mesophase, in which the LiI/P123 ratio can be varied between molar ratios of 28 and 72. Calcination of the meso‐ordered films produces transparent mesoporous spinel LTO films that are abbreviated as Cxx‐yyy‐zzz or CAxx‐yyy‐zzz (C=calcined, CA=calcined–annealed, xx=LiI/P123 molar ratio, and yyy=calcination and zzz=annealing temperatures in Celsius) herein. All samples were characterized by using XRD, TEM, N2‐sorption, and Raman techniques and it was found that, at all compositions, the LTO spinel phase formed with or without an anatase phase as an impurity. Electrochemical characterization of the films shows excellent performance at different current rates. The CA40‐350‐450 sample performs best among all samples tested, yielding an average discharge capacity of (176±1) mA h g?1 at C/2 and (139±4) mA h g?1 at 50 C and keeping 92 % of its initial discharge capacity upon 50 cycles at C/2. 相似文献
14.
Thierry Thami Gihane Nasr Hanan Bestal Arie Van Der Lee Bruno Bresson 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(11):3546-3562
Thin films of crosslinked polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) have been grafted on silica using the sol–gel process allowing further functionalization by effective quantitative hydrosilylation of SiH groups by olefins within the network. Postfunctionalization gives the polysiloxane network with n‐alkyl side chains. The PMHS coating was prepared by room temperature polycondensation of a mixture of methyldiethoxysilane HSiMe(OEt)2 monomer and triethoxysilane HSi(OEt)3 (TH) as crosslinker. The surface‐attached films are chemically stable and covalently bonded to the silica surface. Subsequently, films were functionalized without delamination. We showed by FTIR spectroscopy how the crosslinking ratio and the molecular size of the alkenes precursors influence the extent of the hydrosilylation reaction of SiH groups in the PMHS network. We have determined that quasi‐full olefin addition catalyzed by a platinum complex occurred within soft networks of less than 5% TH with 1‐alkenes CH2?CH(CH2)n‐2CH3 of various alkyl chain lengths (n = 5, 11, 17). Powders of PMHS gel were also modified with 1‐alkenes by hydrosilylation. The SiH groups within the soft gel (5% crosslinked) were fully functionalized as shown by 29Si and 1H solid‐state NMR. The structure of functionalized polysiloxane with n‐octadecyl and n‐dodecyl side chains was studied by FTIR, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and DSC showing crystallization of the long n‐alkyl chains in the network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3546–3562, 2008 相似文献
15.
James D. Mayo Sonia Behal Alex Adronov 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(2):450-458
Phase separation of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends was used as a means to segregate PS‐ or PMMA‐functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in thin films. Dilute solutions (5 wt % in THF) of 1:1 PS/PMMA blends containing the functionalized nanotubes were spin cast and annealed at 180 °C for 12 h. Two different polymer molecular weights were used (Mn = 8000 or Mn = 22,000), and were of approximately equivalent molecular weight to those attached to the surface of the nanotubes. Nanotube functionalization was accomplished using the Cu(I)‐catalyzed [3 + 2] Huisgen cycloaddition, in which alkyne‐decorated nanotubes were coupled with azide‐terminated polymers, resulting in polymer‐SWNT conjugates that were soluble in THF. Characterization of the annealed films by scanning Raman spectroscopy, which utilized the unique Raman fingerprint of carbon nanotubes, enabled accurate mapping of the functionalized SWNTs within the films relative to the two phase‐separated polymers. It was found that nanotube localization within the phase‐separated polymer films was influenced by the type of polymer attached to the nanotube surface, as well as its molecular weight. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 450–458, 2009 相似文献
16.
《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2018,56(15):1757-1767
The synthesis, characterization, and solar cell application of newly developed two semiconducting polymers containing phenanthro[1,2‐b:8,7‐b′]dithiophene (PDT) and an isoindigo (IID) unit are described. In addition, a relationship between substitution position of side chains and molecular weights of the polymers and their solar cell performance are also discussed. Because of the installation of alkyl side chains onto sterically less hindered positions, PDT‐IID copolymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 have stronger intermolecular interaction than that of the previously reported copolymer 12OD . In low‐Mn polymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 formed high‐crystalline thin film with higher face‐on ratio than that of 12OD , but their unsuitable large‐scale phase separation suppressed their efficient photocurrent generation, leading to poor PCE of 2–3%. However, the surface morphology of 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 blended films are drastically improved by increasing Mn, which leads to the enhancement of Jsc and higher PCE of up to 4.3%. However, high‐Mn polymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 formed high‐crystalline film with about 10–15% lower face‐on ratio than that of high‐Mn polymer 12OD , leading to poor hole transporting ability, and thus lower Jsc and PCE. From this result, too much strong intermolecular interaction promotes the formation of unsuitable edge‐on orientation in blended films. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1757–1767 相似文献
17.
A Compact Tetrathiafulvalene–Benzothiadiazole Dyad and Its Highly Symmetrical Charge‐Transfer Salt: Ordered Donor π‐Stacks Closely Bound to Their Acceptors
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Dr. Yan Geng Dr. Raphael Pfattner Antonio Campos Dr. Jürg Hauser Prof. Vladimir Laukhin Dr. Joaquim Puigdollers Prof. Jaume Veciana Dr. Marta Mas‐Torrent Prof. Concepció Rovira Prof. Silvio Decurtins Dr. Shi‐Xia Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(23):7136-7143
A compact and planar donor–acceptor molecule 1 comprising tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and benzothiadiazole (BTD) units has been synthesised and experimentally characterised by structural, optical, and electrochemical methods. Solution‐processed and thermally evaporated thin films of 1 have also been explored as active materials in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). For these devices, hole field‐effect mobilities of μFE=(1.3±0.5)×10?3 and (2.7±0.4)×10?3 cm2 V s?1 were determined for the solution‐processed and thermally evaporated thin films, respectively. An intense intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) transition at around 495 nm dominates the optical absorption spectrum of the neutral dyad, which also shows a weak emission from its ICT state. The iodine‐induced oxidation of 1 leads to a partially oxidised crystalline charge‐transfer (CT) salt {( 1 )2I3}, and eventually also to a fully oxidised compound { 1 I3} ? 1/2I2. Single crystals of the former CT compound, exhibiting a highly symmetrical crystal structure, reveal a fairly good room temperature electrical conductivity of the order of 2 S cm?1. The one‐dimensional spin system bears compactly bonded BTD acceptors (spatial localisation of the LUMO) along its ridge. 相似文献
18.
Juraj Nevrela Michal Micjan Miroslav Novota Sona Kovacova Milan Pavuk Peter Juhasz Jaroslav Kovac Jr. Jan Jakabovic Martin Weis 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(16):1139-1146
The electrical and structural properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films deposited from aqueous dispersion using different concentrations of selected secondary dopants are studied in detail. An improvement of the electrical conductivity by three orders of magnitude is achieved for dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and N,N‐dimethylformamide, and the secondary dopant concentration dependence of the conductivity exhibits almost identical behavior for all investigated secondary dopants. Detailed analysis of the surface morphology and Raman spectra reveals no presence of the secondary dopant in fabricated films, and thus the dopants are truly causing the secondary doping effect. Although the ratio of benzenoid and quinoid vibrations in Raman spectra is unaffected by doping, the phase transition in PEDOT:PSS films owing to doping is confirmed. Further analysis of temperature‐dependent conductivity reveals 1D variable range hopping (VRH) charge transport for undoped PEDOT:PSS, whereas highly conductive doped PEDOT:PSS films exhibit 3D VRH charge transport. We demonstrate that the charge ‐ hopping dimensionality change should be a fundamental reason for the conductivity enhancement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1139–1146 相似文献
19.
Kaixuan Nie Hua Tan Xianping Deng Yafei Wang Qing Chen Ying Huang Yu Liu Chuncheng Yang Zhenrong Huang Meixiang Zhu Weiguo Zhu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(19):4103-4110
Two new side‐chain donor–acceptor (D‐A)‐based triphenylamine‐alt‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (TPA‐alt‐BDT) copolymers ( P1 and P2 ) with pendant benzothiadiazole (BT)/diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) in TPA unit were synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, blend film morphology and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Efficient bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) were obtained by solution process using both copolymers as donor materials and PC71BM as acceptor. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.17% with a highest open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.86V was observed in the P1 ‐based PSCs, while the maximum short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 10.77 mA cm?2 was exhibited in the P2 ‐based PSCs under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW cm?2. The alternating binary donor units and pending acceptor groups played a significant role in tuning photovoltaic properties for this class of the side‐chain D–A‐based copolymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 4103–4110 相似文献
20.
Da Seul Yang Kyung Hwan Kim Min Ju Cho Jung‐Il Jin Dong Hoon Choi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(6):1457-1467
New diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐containing conjugated polymers such as poly(2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3‐(5‐(pyren‐1‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) (P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY)) and poly(2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3‐(5‐(pyren‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione) (P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY)) were successfully synthesized via Suzuki coupling reactions under Pd(0)‐catalyzed conditions. P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY), incorporating 2,5‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DTDPP) at the 2,7‐position of a pyrene ring showed a lower band‐gap energy (E. = 1.65 eV) than the 1,6‐substituted analog, P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY) (E = 1.71 eV). The energies of the molecular frontier orbitals of the substituted polymers were successfully tuned by changing the anchoring position of DTDPP from the 1,6‐ to the 2,7‐position of the pyrene ring. An organic thin‐film transistor fabricated using the newly synthesized P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY), as a semiconductor material exhibited a maximum mobility of up to 0.23 cm2 V?1 s?1 (Ion/off ~ 106), which was much larger than that obtained using P(DTDPP‐alt‐(1,6)PY). This distinction is attributed to morphological differences in the solid state arising from differences between the geometrical configurations of DTDPP and the pyrene ring. In addition, the organic phototransistor devices made of P(DTDPP‐alt‐(2,7)PY) showed interesting photoinduced enhancement of drain current when irradiating the excitation light whose intensity is very small. Based on the photoinduced effect on IDS, photocontrolled memory could be realized under the variation of gate voltages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献