首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 291 毫秒
1.
In this work, we have synthesized a polycation and a polyanion via a combination of oxyanion‐initiated polymerization and polymer reaction, and then developed a novel approach to prepare a controlled magnetic target gene carrier with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as core and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment as corona via layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly and shell‐crosslinking. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were first modified by poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) via radical polymerization. The resulting MNPs were used to compact deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through LbL assembly, involving four steps: ( 1 ) the binding of DNA to the polycation PDMAEMA on the surface of MNPs; ( 2 ) the produced particles in Step 1 with negative charge interacting with additional polycation ethoxy group end‐capped PDMAEMA (EtO‐PDMAEMA) homopolymer, leading to a positive charge surface; ( 3 ) using carboxyl group (‐COO) of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) in a diblock copolymer (MePEG2000‐b‐PMAASH) as polyanion, which has partial mercapto groups (‐SH) in PMAA segment, to interact with the particles produced in Step 2; ( 4 ) the shell of the composite nanoparticle was crosslinked by oxidizing the ‐SH groups of the MePEG2000‐b‐PMAASH to form disulfide linkage (S? S). All the processes of LbL assembly were investigated by agarose gel retardation assay and zeta potential measurements. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis proves that polyions/DNA MNPs have excellent properties and potential applications as gene carriers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

2.
Self‐emulsion polymerization (SEP), a green route developed by us for the polymerization of amphiphilic monomers, does not require any emulsifier or an organic solvent except that the water‐soluble initiators such as 2,2′‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane]dihydrochloride (VA‐044) and potassium persulfate (KPS) are only used. We report here the polymer nanoscaffolds from a number of amphiphilic monomers, which can be used for in situ encapsulation of a variety of nanoparticles. As a demonstration of the efficacy of these nanoscaffolds, the synthesis of a biocompatible hybrid nanoparticle (nanohybrid), prepared by encapsulating Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4 MNPs) in poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in water, for MRI application is presented. The nanohybrid prepared following the SEP in the form of an emulsion does not involve the use of any stabilizing agent, crosslinker, polymeric emulsifier, or surfactant. This water‐soluble, spherical, and stable nanohybrid containing Fe3O4 MNPs of average size 10 ± 2 nm has a zeta potential value of ?41.89 mV under physiological conditions. Magnetic measurement confirmed that the nanohybrid shows typical magnetic behavior having a saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 32.3 emu/g and a transverse relaxivity (r2) value of 29.97 mM?1 s?1, which signifies that it can be used as a T2 contrast agent in MRI. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019  相似文献   

3.
A novel surface modification method for titania nanoparticles is provided via the surface‐initiated photocatalytic polymerization with the aid of acrylic acid (AA) or sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS). The properties of modified titania nanoparticles are investigated with aqueous electrophoresis measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then the modified titania is used as Pickering stabilizer for further polymerization and the morphology of the resulted polymer microspheres is characterized by TEM and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. It is proven that the addition of AA or NaSS for the surface‐initiated polymerization can obviously affect the structure and morphology of the final polymer composite microspheres. The formation mechanism of several kinds of polymer particles is also proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

4.
Functionalized polymeric nanocarriers have been recognized as drug delivery platforms for delivering therapeutic concentrations of chemotherapies. Of this category, star‐shaped multiarm polymers are emerging candidates for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, due to their compact structure, narrow size distribution, large surface area, and high water solubility. In this study, we synthesized a multiarm poly(acrylic acid) star polymer via macromolecular design via the interchange (MADIX)/reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (MADIX/RAFT) polymerization and characterized it using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size exclusion chromatography. The poly(acrylic acid) star polymer demonstrated excellent water solubility and extremely low viscosity, making it highly suited for targeted drug delivery. Subsequently, we selected a hydrophilic drug, cisplatin, and a hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO)‐donating prodrug, O2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl) 1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxy)ethyl]‐3‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl]diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate, as two model compounds to evaluate the feasibility of using poly(acrylic acid) star polymers for the delivery of chemotherapeutics. After synthesizing and characterizing two poly(acrylic acid) star polymer‐based nanoconjugates, poly(acrylic acid)–cisplatin (acid–Pt) and poly(acrylic acid–NO (acid–NO) prodrug, the in vitro drug release kinetics of both the acid–Pt and the acid–NO were determined at physiological conditions. In summary, we have designed and evaluated a polymeric nanocarrier for sustained‐delivery of chemotherapies, either as a single treatment or a combination therapy regimen. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

5.
Using a real space implementation of the self‐consistent field theory, we calculated the morphology and interactions of spherical nanoparticles with radius Rp that are grafted by polymer chains of N monomers immersed in a chemically identical polymer melt of polymerization index P. The calculation shows that, for big particles (Rp ? N1/2a, with a the segment size), the interactions and density profiles of the grafted layers are that of brushes at flat interface; While for small particles (Rp ? N1/2a), the interactions and density profiles are characteristic of star polymers. In the case of intermediate grafted chain lengths, that is, RpN1/2a, we found that the grafting density of the polymers and the radius of the spherical nanoparticles are both important in determining the structure and interactions of the grafted layers. Our findings suggest possible ways to tailor the structure and interactions of the nanoparticles to benefit the fabrication of polymeric nanocomposites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2811–2820, 2006  相似文献   

6.
Magnetic iron oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) nanoparticles were encapsulated with polystyrene to give a stable water‐based magnetic polymer latex, using the miniemulsion polymerization technique. The resulting magnetic latexes were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample magnetometer measurements (VSM), and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. TEM revealed that all magnetite nanoparticles were embedded in the polymer spheres, leaving no empty polystyrene particles. The distribution of magnetite particles within the polystyrene spheres was inhomogeneous, showing an uneven polar appearance. The DLS measurements indicated a bimodal size distribution for the particles in the latexes. According to our magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy data, the encapsulated magnetite particles conserve their superparamagnetic feature when they are separated in the polymer matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4802–4808, 2004  相似文献   

7.
Micron‐sized monodisperse superparamagnetic polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) particles with functional amino groups were prepared by a process involving: (1) preparation of parent monodisperse PGMA particles by the dispersion polymerization method, (2) chemical modification of the PGMA particles with ethylenediamine (EDA) to yield amino groups, and (3) impregnation of iron ions (Fe2+ and Fe3+) inside the particles and subsequently precipitating them with ammonium hydroxide to form magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles within the polymer particles. The resultant magnetic PGMA particles with amino groups were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). SEM showed that the magnetic particles had an average size of 2.6 μm and were highly monodisperse. TEM demonstrated that the magnetite nanoparticles distributed evenly within the polymer particles. The existence of amino groups in the magnetic polymer particles was confirmed by FTIR. XRD indicated that the magnetic nanoparticles within the polymer were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure. VSM results showed that the magnetic polymer particles were superparamagnetic, and saturation magnetization was found to be 16.3 emu/g. The Fe3O4 content of the magnetic particles was 24.3% based on total weight. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3433–3439, 2005  相似文献   

8.
A simple and modular synthetic approach, based on miniemulsion polymerization, has been developed for the fabrication of composite polymer–metal nanoparticle materials. The procedure produces well‐defined composite structures consisting of gold, silver, or MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (~10 nm in diameter) encapsulated within larger spherical nanoparticles of poly(divinylbenzene) (~100 nm in diameter). This methodology readily permits the incorporation of multiple metal domains into a single polymeric particle, while still preserving the useful optical and magnetic properties of the metal nanoparticles. The morphology of the composite particles is retained upon increasing the inorganic content and also upon redispersion in organic solvents. Finally, the ability to tailor the surface chemistry of the composite nanoparticles and incorporate steric stabilizing groups using simple thiol‐ene chemistry is demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1594–1606, 2010  相似文献   

9.
In this research, the synthesis and properties of thermally responsive complex polymer networks containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied. First, a stable ferrofluid containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized via a coprecipitation method in the presence of a poly(acrylic acid) oligomer. This stable ferrofluid could mix well with water‐soluble monomers by the adjustment of its pH value. Second, a thermally responsive copolymer was synthesized in the presence of the ferrofluid containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles to obtain the complex polymer networks. By the adjustment of the pH value, the ferrofluid could remain stable in the polymerization system, in which N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were used as comonomers to provide thermoresponsive properties and acid groups and ammonium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite were used as the redox initiator system. Several variables, such as the molar ratio of MAA to NIPAAm, the concentrations of the monomers and crosslinking agent, the addition of an ammonium solution, and the content of the ferrofluid, were studied in this polymerization. Their effects on the morphology, structure, polymerization rate, and thermal properties of the complex polymer networks were discussed. The swelling and thermoresponsive behaviors of the complex polymer networks containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles were also studied, and the composition–morphology–property relationship was established. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5923–5934, 2005  相似文献   

10.
Amphiphilic double‐brush copolymers (DBCs) with each graft site quantitatively carrying both a hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) graft and a hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) graft are synthesized by sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). These DBCs are used as both surfactants and polyfunctional RAFT agents in the radical polymerization of St in aqueous dispersed media. Miniemulsions with narrowly dispersed St‐based nanodroplets are readily obtained after ultrasonication of the reaction mixtures. Without the presence of crosslinker, chain‐extension polymerization of St from the DBCs yields well‐defined polymeric latexes with narrow size distributions. However, with the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinker, vesicular polymeric nanoparticles are formed as the major product. Such crosslinking‐induced change in morphology of the resulting latex nanomaterials may be ascribed to the increase of interfacial curvature in the heterophase systems during crosslinking polymerization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3250–3259  相似文献   

11.
The synthesis of new polymer colloids based on renewable resources, such as sugar‐derived monomers, is nowadays a matter of interest. These new polymeric particles should be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, because of their assumed biodegradability. In this work, two new families of polymer latex particles, based on a sugar‐derived monomer, 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D ‐glucofuranose (3‐MDG), were produced and characterized. The syntheses of poly(3‐MDG) crosslinked particles and those obtained by copolymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA), poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA) crosslinked particles, were prepared by surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization in a batch reactor. The average particle diameter evolutions, the effect of pH of the dispersion medium on the final average diameters, together with the microscopic and morphological analysis of the particle's surface and inner dominium, were analyzed. Poly(3‐MDG‐co‐EGDMA) stable particles were obtained by adding low amounts of initiator. The surface‐charge density of these particles corresponded to the sulfate groups coming from the initiator. In the second family of latices, poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA‐co‐EGDMA) particles, DCP measurements and SEM and TEM observations showed that the sizes and surface characteristics depended on the amounts of MAA and crosslinker used in the reaction mixture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 443–457, 2006  相似文献   

12.
A water‐based magnetite ferrofluid, with an average size of about 10 nm, was prepared in a first step by the chemical coprecipitation of ferrous and ferric salts. Oil‐based styrene (St) magnetite ferrofluid was obtained by the acidification of the water‐based magnetite ferrofluid and the dispersion of the acidified magnetite in St. Magnetic polymeric composite particles (MPCPs) were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of the oil‐based St magnetite ferrofluid with hexadecane as a hydrophobe, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, and sodium dodecyl sulfate as an emulsifier. Methacrylic acid was used as a comonomer, and hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as aid stabilizers subsequently. With the aim of improving the encapsulation degree of magnetite, avoiding pure polymer particles and exposed magnetite particles, and obtaining the narrowest particle size distributions, the encapsulation conditions of magnetite were investigated in detail. The results show that miniemulsion polymerization is an effective method for encapsulating magnetite into a hydrophobic polymer successfully. Exposed magnetite particles and pure polymer particles can be avoided completely by the selection of the appropriate preparation conditions. All the resulting MPCPs exhibited superparamagnetism and possessed some magnetic response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4187–4203, 2006  相似文献   

13.
We aimed at preparing magnetic iron oxide particles by the oxidation-precipitation method in order to encapsulate these particles in polymer matrices composed of poly(acrylamide-styrene sulfonic acid sodium salt). Nanocomposites were synthesized by the incorporation of surface treated magnetic nanoparticles in the synthesized polymers via in situ inverse mini-emulsion polymerization process. The study parameter was the ionic monomer content in the synthesized polymers. The structure and the morphology of the magnetic nanogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and XRD showed that pure magnetite was formed and successfully encapsulated in the composite nanoparticles. The polymer encapsulation could reduce the susceptibility to leaching and could protect the magnetite particle surfaces from oxidation. The ionic monomer content had a great effect on the magnetization behavior. Magnetite prepared by the oxidation precipitation method, of 50 nm mean particle size, was embedded successfully into the polymer nanogels with a reasonable magnetic response, as proved by vibrating sample magnetometer measurement. Magnetic nanocomposites were proven to be super-ferromagnetic materials.  相似文献   

14.
Acetylenic monomers undergo aqueous suspension polymerization providing particles constructed by helical substituted polyacetylene. Different from suspension polymerization of vinyl monomers, a cosolvent is indispensable to dissolve Rh catalyst and solid acetylenic monomers. The cosolvent is found to play essential roles in monomers' polymerization and the particles' formation. To systemically explore the effects of cosolvents, three monomers, M1 (achiral, liquid), M2 (achiral, solid), and M3 (chiral, solid), and six cosolvents (divided into two groups by their miscibility with water) are used for performing suspension polymerization in aqueous media at 30 °C, with Rh+B (C6H5)4 as catalyst and polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizer. FTIR spectra and gel permeation chromatography confirm the occurrence of polymerization. Raman spectra demonstrate the high cis contents of the polymer chains. Scanning electron microscope images show that the polymer particles obtained under optimal conditions are in spherical morphology. Circular dichroism and UV‐vis spectroscopy demonstrate the helical structures of the polymer chains forming the chiral particles. Dynamic light scattering characterization is carried out to characterize the nanoparticles. The type and amount of the cosolvent affect the polymerization remarkably. Cosolvents with higher polarity lead to smaller polymer particles, while lower polar cosolvents provide larger ones. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2670–2678  相似文献   

15.
Based on a recent report [J. Polym. Sci. Part A. Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 47–58] whereby we demonstrated the synthesis of polystyrene nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as sole surfactant, we hereby report the synthesis of hybrid polymer nanoparticles of several members of the (meth)acrylate family as well as the cross‐linker divinylbenzene via the same approach. The nature of the resultant emulsion is strongly linked to the polarity of the monomer used; monomers with a relatively small polar component (based on Hansen solubility parameters) such as lauryl methacrylate and benzyl methacrylate, in addition to styrene, generate stable emulsions that can be effectively polymerized. Particularly polar monomers (e.g., methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate) formed kinetically stable emulsions in the presence of GO, however rapid coagulation occurred during polymerization. Electron microscopy analysis reveals the formation of polymer nanoparticles with size distribution between 200 and 1000 nm with roughened surface morphologies, indicative of GO sheets adsorbed at the interface. The results of this work demonstrate the applicability of this synthetic route for specific monomers in the preparation of novel graphene‐based polymeric materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 5153–5162  相似文献   

16.
Magnetoelectric polymer nanocomposite structures are synthesized using conducting polyaniline and nanosized BFO particles through in situ sol–gel polymerization. The effect of nanosized BFO in polyaniline matrix is studied. The SEM, XRD, VSM, FTIR, and UV–Vis studies were made to understand the morphology, crystalline structure, magnetic, and optical properties of PANI/BFO composites with various concentrations of nanofiller. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2418–2422, 2008  相似文献   

17.
The preparation of carboxylic acid‐coated silica nanoparticles was investigated. A monolayer of carboxylic acid residues with controllable graft density was anchored to the nanoparticle by a ring‐opening reaction with succinic anhydride. Poly(methacrylic acid) [poly(MAA)] grafted nanoparticles were prepared via a polymerization–deprotection strategy. Tert‐butyl methacrylate was polymerized from the surface of silica nanoparticles in a predictable manner and with excellent control over the molecular weight distribution. Subsequent removal of the tert‐butyl group resulted in poly (MAA) grafted nanoparticles. The polymer nanoparticles were also functionalized with dyes, which may be useful in tracking the particles in biological systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012  相似文献   

18.
Magnetic poly(N‐propargylacrylamide) (PPRAAm) microspheres were prepared by the precipitation polymerization of N‐propargylacrylamide (PRAAm) in a toluene/propan‐2‐ol medium in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles (oleic acid‐coated Fe3O4). The effects of several polymerization parameters, including the polarity of the medium, polymerization temperature, the concentration of monomer, and the amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) in the polymerization feed, were examined. The microspheres were characterized in terms of their morphology, size, particle‐size distribution, and iron content using transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). A medium polarity was identified in which magnetic particles with a narrow size distribution were formed. As expected, oleic acid‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles contributed to the stabilization of the polymerized magnetic microspheres. Alkyne groups in magnetic PPRAAm microspheres were detected by infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic PPRAAm microspheres were successfully used as the anchor to enable a “click” reaction with an azido‐end‐functionalized model peptide (radiolabeled azidopentanoyl‐GGGRGDSGGGY(125I)‐NH2) and 4‐azidophenylalanine using a Cu(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction in water. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.  相似文献   

19.
The encapsulation of seed polymer particles coated by anionic iron oxide nanoparticles has been investigated using N-isopropylacrylamide as a main monomer, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent, itaconic acid as a functional monomer and potassium persulfate as an anionic initiator. The magnetic latexes obtained have been characterized with regard to particle size, iron oxide content and electrophoretic mobility. All these properties have been examined by varying several polymerization parameters: reaction medium, monomer(s) and crosslinking agent concentrations, nature of seed latexes and type of polymerization (batch versus shot process). The magnetic content in the polymer microspheres strongly depends on the polymerization procedure (i.e., encapsulation process) and varies between 6 and 23 wt%, and monodisperse magnetic polymer particles were obtained. Received: 28 December 1999 Accepted in revised form: 15 June 1999  相似文献   

20.
《先进技术聚合物》2018,29(4):1206-1218
In this research, we synthesized and characterized a new acrylamide‐based monomer containing pyridine and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moieties, N‐(4‐(5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)acrylamide (POPA). Poly(POPA)‐grafted magnetite nanoparticles were then obtained via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The grafted nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The amount of the grafted polymer was 126 mg/g, as calculated from thermo gravimetric analysis experiment. The capability of poly(POPA)‐g‐magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove Co(II) cations, under optimal time period, pH and adsorbent mass, was shown by atomic absorption. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo–second‐order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherm was best described by the Freundlich model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.90 mg/g. In addition, the poly(POPA)‐g‐MNPs were regenerated by simply washing with an aqueous 0.1M HCl solution, and no considerable decrease was observed in the extraction efficiency following the test of up to 7 cycles. These findings suggest that poly(POPA)‐g‐MNPs are stable and reusable adsorbent, and they could be potentially applied to water treatments for an efficient removal of Co(II) cations.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号