Solubility of CO2 in imidazolium-based tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids

The solubility of CO₂ in imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]), 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([hmim][BF₄]) and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrtafluoroborate ([omim][BF₄]) was determined at 305-25 K and pressures from 1 to 9 MPa. The influence of chain length of alkyl substituents on the imidazolium cation on the solubility of CO₂ was investigated. The differences in solubility with chain length are in the sequence [omim][BF₄] > [hmim][BF₄] > [bmim][BF₄]. The solubility data were correlated by the extended Henry's law, and enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy changes were obtained.     

Improving CO2 selectivity in polymerized room-temperature ionic liquid gas separation membranes through incorporation of polar substituents

Solid, polymer membranes fabricated from room-temperature ionic liquid monomers containing oligo(ethylene glycol) or nitrile-terminated alkyl substituents tethered to imidazolium cations were found to exhibit ideal CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ separation factors significantly greater than those with comparable length n-alkyl substituents, with similar CO₂ permeability. Polymers containing these functional groups exhibited CO₂/N₂ gas separation performance exceeding the “upper bound” of a “Robeson Plot”.     

聚合物-溶剂-超临界CO2三元体系的相行为

研究了聚合物-超临界二氧化碳二元体系溶解性,并考查了添加共溶剂对溶解性的影响,结果表明,添加共溶剂会大大提高CO2的溶解度.此外,还研究了聚合物-溶剂-超临界二氧化碳三元体系在高压时的相行为, 探讨了组分性质、含量等对温度-压力相图的影响.随着CO2含量的增加,压力-温度相图L-LV（单一液相向液气两相共存）边界线的斜率会出现突变点,发生由L-LV边界线向L-LL（单一液相向液液两相共存）边界线的过渡, 而L-LV边界线对不同聚合物并不敏感.     

The solubility of CO2 and N2O in olive oil

The solubility of CO₂ and N₂O in olive oil has been measured at temperatures of about 298, 310, and 323 K with a gravimetric microbalance under pressures up to 2 MPa. The molecular weight of olive oil has been analyzed and found to be about 882 g mol⁻¹ as a mixed oil compound. The observed solubility data have been correlated with a cubic equation of state (EOS) model. N₂O has a larger solubility than CO₂ in olive oil based on either the mole or mass fraction. The present results clarify some ambiguities from the previous N₂O solubility data in the literature.     

Predictions of cation and anion effects on solubilities,selectivities and permeabilities for CO2 in ionic liquid using COSMO based activity coefficient model

The solubilities and selectivities for CO₂, N₂ and CH₄ in ionic liquid were predicted using a COSMO based activity coefficient model, COSMO-SAC method. The 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations were focused in this work. The anion species include tetrafluoroborate [BF₄], hexafluorophosphate [PF₆], triflate [OTf], dicyanamide [dca] and bis(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide [Tf₂N]. The predicted results of the solubilities of CO₂ in the ionic liquids by COSMO-SAC method are in agreement with the experimental data within the averaged deviation of 0.0017 in mole fraction. The predicted results of selectivities for CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ represent the effects of anion species qualitatively. Permeability through supported liquid membrane can be presented by solubility and diffusion coefficients in the liquid. The permeabilities of CO₂ through the ionic liquid membranes were also predicted by a solution-diffusion model with COSMO-SAC method. The predicted results of the CO₂ permeabilities through the ionic liquids represent the experimental data within the order of the permeabilities.     

Thermodynamic equilibrium study of mineral elements evaporation in O2/CO2 recycle combustion

The facility for the analysis of chemical thermodynamics method (F*A*C*T) based on the Gibbs energy minimization principle, was used to characterize the evaporation of mineral elements of coal in O₂/CO₂ recycle combustion. The effects of atmosphere and temperature on the speciation of mineral species were discussed. The results show that Na(K)Cl(g), FeO(g), and SiO(g) are the dominant gaseous species of the mineral elements. The dominant species of mineral elements in flue gases depend on both the combustion conditions (reducing or oxidizing) and the atmosphere. In O₂/CO₂ mixture combustion, the evaporation rate of mineral elements is much lower than that in air combustion, especially under reducing atmosphere. The total evaporation of mineral elements in O₂/CO₂ atmosphere and air combustion under reducing conditions is 4.46% and 9.65% respectively, up to the temperature of 2400 K. The calculation values are consistent with the experiment values. The decrease in the mineral element evaporation is helpful to suppress the tendency to form fine particle matter and the tendency of initial ash deposition.     

TiO_2纳米带光催化二氧化碳甲烷化

研究了在常温常压下TiO2纳米带光催化CO2催化加氢气反应。在紫外光照射下,二氧化碳的加氢还原产物为甲烷。利用高分辨TEM,XRD,UV-Vis DRS,低温氮吸附-脱附,TG等考察了催化剂与甲烷产率的构效关系。结果表明,在600℃焙烧时得到的双晶材料具有最佳的光催化活性。优异的光催化活性主要得益于TiO2双晶脱水纳米带(DNR Bicrystalline dehydratednanoribbon)。上面形成的纳米晶界能够提高催化剂在紫外区的光吸收能力,TiO2(B)和锐钛矿独特的双晶间隔结构也提高了界面电荷分离的效率。担载贵金属Pt显著地提高了反应速率。     

TiO2纳米管阵列覆盖Si薄膜光催化还原CO2性能的研究

本工作采用CVD法在阳极氧化TiO2纳米管阵列膜表面沉积一层非晶Si膜,通过退火后得到晶化了的Si膜/TiO2纳米管阵列的复合结构,并初步就其光催化还原CO2制备碳氢化合物的活性进行研究。拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)等微结构表征结果表明所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列的厚度为270 nm左右,管直径约为70 nm,管壁厚度约为16 nm。覆盖的Si膜已晶化,其厚度约为300 nm。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)及总有机碳(TOC)来检测光催化还原液相产物中的甲酸及总有机碳含量,发现负载Si膜后的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化性能有所提高,在装有400cut滤光片氙灯照射2 h下TOC含量从21.2 mg.L-1增长到29.5 mg.L-1,表明Si与TiO2的复合可有效的提高光催化还原CO2的活性,这可能与该异质结结构可增加对光的吸收并且可降低光生空穴-电子对复合有关。光催化循环实验表明所制得的催化剂在循环5次后仍可保持91.6%的催化活性。     

ZIF-67/CeO2催化CO2和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用沉淀法将ZIF-67负载到CeO₂上,制备了具有多重活性位点的非均相催化剂ZIF-67/CeO₂,并研究其催化CO₂和甲醇直接反应生成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的性能。采用 X 射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线光电子能谱研究了ZIF-67/CeO₂的各种理化性质。结果表明,ZIF-67的引入使ZIF-67/CeO₂催化剂产生更多的氧空位。在考察的ZIF-67/CeO₂系列催化剂中,0.3-ZIF-67/CeO₂(0.3为Co、Ce物质的量之比)在具有高的比表面积的同时还能保持介孔结构,具有丰富的酸碱位点,并且具有较高的CO₂吸附容量,表现出最好的催化性能。在反应温度为140℃、压力为4.5 MPa的条件下反应4 h,DMC收率可达到3.79 mmol_DMC·gcat^-1。     

ZIF-67/CeO2催化CO2和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用沉淀法将ZIF-67负载到CeO₂上,制备了具有多重活性位点的非均相催化剂ZIF-67/CeO₂,并研究其催化CO₂和甲醇直接反应生成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的性能。采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究了ZIF-67/CeO₂的各种理化性质。结果表明,ZIF-67的引入使ZIF-67/CeO₂催化剂产生更多的氧空位。在考察的ZIF-67/CeO₂系列催化剂中,0.3-ZIF-67/CeO₂(0.3为Co、Ce物质的量之比)在具有高的比表面积的同时还能保持介孔结构,具有丰富的酸碱位点,并且具有较高的CO₂吸附容量,表现出最好的催化性能。在反应温度为140℃、压力为4.5 MPa的条件下反应4 h,DMC收率可达到3.79 mmol_DMC·g_cat^-1。     

制备工艺对NiFe2O4分解CO2活性的影响

随着大气中CO2浓度的增加,温室效应日趋严重,促使人们对大气中CO2的转化与消除这一课题更加重视。1990年Yutaka Tamaura[1]发现氧缺位磁铁矿几乎可以100%分解CO2后,为解决温室效应提供了一条新的探索途径。通过对不同铁酸盐MFe2O4(M=Fe,Mn[2],Co[3],Zn[4],Ni[5]等)分解CO2活性的考察,发现铁酸镍在300℃分解CO2的活性比其它铁酸盐都好。NiFe2O4的制备最常采用的是共沉淀法、柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法和水热法,3种方法由于制备     

片状纳米结构CeO2晶体的制备及其吸附CO2性能

在室温下,将CeCl₃溶液与CO₂储存材料（CO₂SM）混合、搅拌0.5 h制备了片状碳酸铈前驱体（CCPs）,并在500℃下煅烧CCPs 4 h,制得平均尺寸为4.94 μm×0.92 μm,厚度为0.04~0.08 μm纳米结构片状CeO₂晶体。在此过程中,CO₂SM不但可以提供CO₃^2-,还能起到分散剂和结构导向剂的作用。反应过程中,系统地研究了CO₂SM用量、Ce³⁺浓度和搅拌时间3个因素对CCPs形态和大小的影响,得到最优制备条件：0.1 g CO₂SM和50 mL 0.03 mol·L^-1 Ce³⁺水溶液以1 000 r·min^-1转速在室温下搅拌0.5 h。煅烧CCPs后,所制备的片状CeO₂晶体在室温下CO₂吸附量可达0.554 mmol·g^-1。     

离子液体功能化金属有机骨架材料催化CO2环加成反应研究进展

金属有机骨架(Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)材料因具有超大比表面积、可修饰的化学结构、可调的孔隙形状和大小、开放的金属位点等独特的结构优越性而被广泛用于催化CO₂环加成反应的研究中。然而,大部分MOFs材料在此反应中往往需要在助催化剂或溶剂的存在下才能发挥其催化性能,这也导致了产物分离困难、资源浪费等问题。因此,开发能够单独催化CO₂环加成反应的MOFs材料成为当前科学家们研究的热点。在MOFs骨架上或孔腔内修饰离子液体是构筑此类催化体系的一种重要途径。本文对近年来这类MOFs的构筑策略、催化CO₂环加成反应的性能以及催化机理进行了总结,同时还对MOFs组成、形貌以及催化反应条件等因素对催化活性的影响进行了探讨。     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用XRD、UV-vis DRS、ESR和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为2.5、5和10wt%的CrO_x/SiO₂催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Cr的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Cr担载量从2.5wt%到10wt%的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Cr物种由CrO₃单体转为多聚CrO₃和Cr₂O₃晶相。在CO₂气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为2.5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>5wt%CrO_x/SiO₂>10wt%CrO_x/SiO₂,反应过程中的原位ESR和UV-visDRS测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Cr⁵⁺,Cr⁵⁺可由催化剂预处理过程中Cr³⁺的氧化及丙烷反应过程中CrO₃单体的还原产生,在反应中CO₂可使Cr³⁺重新氧化为Cr⁵⁺.     

Influence of surfactants on the morphologies of CaCO3 by carbonation route with compressed CO2

Three surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyoxyethylene-80-sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), were used to control the growth of CaCO₃ crystals by carbonation route using Ca(OH)₂ and compressed CO₂. The obtained CaCO₃ particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effects of surfactants on the morphology of the particles were studied. It was demonstrated that Tween 80 and SDS have obvious effect on the morphology of CaCO₃ particles, while CTAB does not affect morphology considerably. The possible mechanism has been discussed on the basis of the binding of the surfactants to the certain face of the crystals.     

Osmium catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of methyl trans-cinnamate in ionic liquids, followed by supercritical CO2 product recovery

In this work, osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of methyl trans-cinnamate was studied. Osmium and chiral ligand catalysts were immobilized in ionic liquid only, without any other reaction solvents, while the recovery of the product was performed by extraction with supercritical CO₂, and compared with results obtained by extractions with organic solvents such as hexane and diethyl ether. In supercritical CO₂ extraction experiments, optimal extraction pressure was found and ionic liquid chosen, so that the highest reaction yields coupled with lowest osmium content in the crude product can be achieved. Finally, recycle experiments of the same (ionic liquid + catalytic system) mixture were successfully conducted. Application of ionic liquids and supercritical CO₂ in osmium catalyzed AD allows for the isolation of the diol basically without contamination with osmium, in high yield and enantiomeric excess, and it makes possible the efficient reuse of ionic liquid solvent and the catalytic system.     

Z型Ag-Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂的光催化还原CO2性能

利用简单的化学还原沉积法将Cu₂O纳米球和Ag纳米颗粒均匀包裹在十面体BiVO₄表面,成功构建了一种具有高效电荷载流子分离/转移特性的Z型异质结光催化剂Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄。Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄在可见光下光催化CO₂还原为CO的产率可达5.37 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别是纯BiVO₄和Cu₂O的35.8倍和6.25倍。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光(PL)光谱、瞬态光电流响应(TPC)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄的晶体结构、形貌、组成、能带结构和吸光能力等进行了系统表征分析,并提出了其光催化体系还原CO₂的催化机理。     

Z型Ag-Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂的光催化还原CO2性能

利用简单的化学还原沉积法将 Cu₂O纳米球和 Ag纳米颗粒均匀包裹在十面体 BiVO₄表面,成功构建了一种具有高效电荷载流子分离/转移特性的Z型异质结光催化剂Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄。Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄在可见光下光催化CO₂还原为CO的产率可达5.37 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别是纯 BiVO₄和 Cu₂O的 35.80倍和 6.30倍。通过 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光(PL)光谱、瞬态光电流响应(TPC)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对 Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄的晶体结构、形貌、组成、能带结构和吸光能力等进行了系统表征分析,并提出了其光催化体系还原CO₂的催化机理。     

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin-polyaniline complex in supercritical CO2

A method is proposed to prepare β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/polyaniline (PANI) inclusion complex. In this route, benzoyl peroxide (BPO, the oxidant) is first encapsulated into the cavity of β-CD. Aniline is then carried into the cavity of β-CD by supercritical (SC) CO₂, which polymerizes in situ to form inclusion complex. The product is characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR and XRD techniques. The results suggest that the columnar inclusion complexes may be formed.     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.