Solubility in the CaCl2 + Mg(NO3)2 ? Ca(NO3)2 + MgCl2-H2O system

For the first time solubility at 25 and 50°C is studied in the CaCl₂ + Mg(NO₃)₂ ↔ Ca(NO₃)₂ + MgCl₂-H₂O four-component reciprocal water-salt system in order to determine the feasibility of preparing calcium nitrate and magnesium chloride. Original Russian Text ? K.R. Matveeva, O.S. Kudryashova, 2009, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 7, pp. 1200–1204.     

Solubility in the 2KNO3 + MgCl2 ? 2KCl + Mg(NO3)2-H2O system

Solubility in the 2KNO₃ + MgCl₂ ↔ 2KCl + Mg(NO₃)₂-H₂O four-component reciprocal system was studied for the first time at 25 and 50°C in order to determine the feasibility of preparing potassium nitrate and magnesium chloride at near-ambient temperatures.     

Online NMR spectroscopic study of species distribution in MEA–H2O–CO2 and DEA–H2O–CO2

Quantitative online NMR spectroscopy was used for studying the species distribution in solutions of carbon dioxide in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA). The mass fraction of the amine in the unloaded solution was 0.2 and 0.3 g/g, respectively, the carbon dioxide loading was up to 1.1 ??molCO₂/molamine$1.1\text{\hspace{0.17em}??}\text{mo}{\text{l}}_{\text{C}{\text{O}}_2}/\text{mo}{\text{l}}_{\text{amine}}$, temperatures were between 293 and 353 K. A special apparatus was designed that allows preparing the mixtures gravimetrically and applying pressures up to 25 bar to keep the carbon dioxide in solution. It was coupled to a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer by heated capillaries. By using both ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy quantitative information on the concentrations of the following species were obtained: amine, carbamate, bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide. Due to the fast proton transfer between molecular and protonated amine, only the sum of their concentrations can be determined. Furthermore, a byproduct, 2-oxazolidone, was observed and quantified. The experimental data were used for developing a thermodynamic model of the studied electrolyte solutions based on the extended Pitzer G^E-model. In the model development, also vapor–liquid equilibrium data from the literature were included. The model gives reliable results both for the species distribution and the vapor–liquid equilibrium of the studied mixtures.     

Ambient temperature sol–gel synthesis of CeO2–SiO2 and TiO2–CeO2–SiO2 films with high efficiency of UV absorption and without destructive oxidation on heat sensitive organic substrate

Highly efficient UV absorption films of CeO₂–SiO₂ and TiO₂–CeO₂–SiO₂ were synthesized through an epoxide assisted sol–gel strategy. As proven by their UV–vis transmittance spectra, the obtained films show very strong absorption in the UV region, at the same time, keeping the high transparency in the visible range. Due to the unique chemistry of this route and the delicate selection of Ce precursor salts, the ceria in the film can be crystallized at ambient temperature, resulting in the effective UV absorption and oxidation minimization of the films. These advantages guarantee their application in the protection of heat-sensitive organic materials.     

Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

以硅胶为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺杂量的Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2光催化剂,并采用SEM,Raman和DRS等手段对其进行了分析和表征.以氙灯为光源,通过对可溶性染料罗丹明B的降解反应,考察了Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2催化剂的光催化活性,探讨了光催化反应中溶液pH值和起始浓度对催化反应的影响.     

NOx-Sorbing Metal Oxides, MnOx–CeO2. Oxidative NO Adsorption and NOx–H2 Reaction

(n)MnO_x–(1–n)CeO₂ binary oxides have been studied for the sorptive NO removal and subsequent reduction of NO_x sorbed to N₂ at low temperatures (150 °C). The solid solution with a fluorite-type structure was found to be effective for oxidative NO adsorption, which yielded nitrate (NO^– ₃) and/or nitrite (NO^– ₂) species on the surface depending on temperature, O₂ concentration in the gas feed, and composition of the binary oxide (n). A surface reaction model was derived on the basis of XPS, TPD, and DRIFTS analyses. Redox of Mn accompanied by simultaneous oxygen equilibration between the surface and the gas phase promoted the oxidative NO adsorption. The reactivity of the adsorbed NO_x toward H₂ was examined for MnO_x–CeO₂ impregnated with Pd, which is known as a nonselective catalyst toward NO–H₂ reaction in the presence of excess oxygen. The Pd/MnO_x–CeO₂ catalyst after saturated by the NO uptake could be regenerated by micropulse injections of H₂ at 150 °C. Evidence was presented to show that the role of Pd is to generate reactive hydrogen atoms, which spillover onto the MnO_x–CeO₂ surface and reduce nitrite/nitrate adsorbing thereon. Because of the lower reducibility of nitrate and the competitive H₂–O₂ combustion, H₂–NO reaction was suppressed to a certain extent in the presence of O₂. Nevertheless, Pd/MnO_x–CeO₂ attained 65% NO-conversion in a steady stream of 0.08% NO, 2% H₂, and 6% O₂ in He at as low as 150 °C, compared to ca. 30% conversion for Pd/–Al₂O₃ at the same temperature. The combination of NO_x-sorbing materials and H₂-activation catalysts is expected to pave the way to development of novel NO_x-sorbing catalysts for selective deNO_x at very low temperatures.     

Fe3+/Ba2+/Co2+/Zn2+/Cu2+在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和NaOH-Na2CO3体系中的热力学分析

通过对Fe3+/Ba2+/Co2+/Zn2+/Cu2+在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和NaOH-Na2CO3体系中的热力学分析,得到各金属离子总浓度(cMe)与pH值的关系,确定了2种体系中5种离子完全共沉淀的pH值范围.结果表明:在NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O体系中,Co2+、Zn2+、Cu2+3种离子和氨的配位能力很强,其中Cu2+与氨的配位能力最强,在相同的pH值条件下,Cu2+沉淀困难,5种金属离子的完全共沉淀区域由Cu2+决定.在NaOH-Na2CO3体系中,随总碳浓度(cc)的增加,Ba、Co、Zn、Cu的溶解度都随之减小,当cc=1.0 mol·L-1时,各金属离子完全共沉淀的pH值范围为7.5～11.在两种体系中,Fe的溶解度都是随pH值的增大而减小,最终达到平衡.以NaOH-Na2CO3 为沉淀剂.在pH=10.0的条件下,采用化学共沉淀法合成出了晶粒细小、粒度均匀的Y型纯相结构的平面六角铁氧体微粉.     

Li+粘贴CHnCl3-nO2和CFnCl3-nO2( n = 1~3 )自由基：Li+–CHnCl3-nO2和 Li+–CFnCl3-nO2的结构与性质的研究

The structures and stabilities of these still experimentally unknown CH_nCl_(3-n)O_(2-)Li~ and CF_nCl_(3-n)O_(2-)Li~ ionshave been theoretically investigated by ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory(DFT)inconjunction with the 6-311G(d,p),6-311 G(d,p),6-311 G(2d,p)and 6-311 G(2df,2p)basis sets.The optimizedgeometries,chemical bonding and NBO analysis indicate that these complexes of CH_nCl_(3-n)O_(2-)Li~ and CF_nCl_(3-n)O_(2-)Li~ exist as ion-dipole molecules.The calculated affinity energies of these species exceed 41.9 kJ/mol,which arelarge enough to suggest the possibility that these title complexes could be detected as stable species in gas phase byLi~ ion attachment mass spectrometry.     

Kinetic investigation of propane oxidation on diluted Mo1–V0.3–Te0.23–Nb0.125–Ox mixed-oxide catalysts

Reaction kinetics and proposed mechanism for the oxidation of propane over diluted Mo₁–V_0.3–Te_0.23–Nb_0.125–O _x are described. The kinetic study allowed determination of the orders of propane disappearance, propene formation, CO _x formation, and acids formation. The results show that selective oxidation of propane to propylene over this catalyst follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Deep oxidation of propane to carbon dioxide is first order with respect to hydrocarbon, and partial order (0.21) with respect to oxygen. The selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid is half order with respect to hydrocarbon and partial order (0.11) with respect to oxygen, while water does not participate directly in propane transformation. The result also shows that the overall reaction consists of three parallel process channels. One main sequence of consecutive reactions leads to the desired product.     

Syngas production from methane reforming with O2 and CO2 over Ni–La2O3/SiO2 catalysts using EDTA salt precursors

Ni–La₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts (NLS) were prepared by the incipient-wetness impregnation method using EDTA salt precursors. XRD measurements revealed that the promoter of La₂O₃ is highly dispersed on the NLS. The TPR profiles indicated a strong interaction between NiO and La₂O₃ to form a La–Ni complex oxide like species over the NLS, which may be the origin of its high catalytic performance.     

γ-Zn3（PO4）2:Mn2+,Ga3+的发光性质及能量传递

采用高温固相法合成了Mn2+单掺杂及Mn2+,Ga3+共掺杂的γ-Zn3(PO4)2。γ-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+的发射峰位于620 nm,而γ-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+,Ga3+发射光谱有两个发射峰,其中一个发射峰位于507 nm,另一个发射峰位于620 nm。507 nm的发射峰来自于处于四面体晶体场中Mn2+(CN=4)的4T1g-6A1g能级跃迁,而620 nm的发射峰来自于处于八面体晶体场中Mn2+(CN=6)的激发态4T1g-6A1g的能级跃迁。在Mn2+,Ga3+共掺杂的样品中,八面体场中Mn2+的激发光谱与四面体场中Mn2+的发射光谱有显著的光谱重叠,满足共振能量传递条件,从而发生了Mn2+(CN=4)向Mn2+(CN=6)的能量传递,对此进行了证明及讨论。此外,Mn2+离子在四面体场及八面体场中的浓度分布随着Ga3+离子的掺入量而发生变化。Ga3+离子对Mn2+在四面体场与八面体场浓度比值起到调节作用。随着Mn2+离子和Ga3+离子浓度的增加,发射光谱中绿光强度与红光强度比值也逐渐增加。最终,发射光谱中绿光强度与红光强度的相对比值是由Mn2+离子浓度、Ga3+离子浓度及Mn2+(CN=4)向Mn2+(CN=6)的能量传递3个因素决定的。     

Synthesis and structures of Cs4[(UO2)2(C2O4)(SO4)2(NCS)2] · 4H2O and (NH4)4[(UO2)2(C2O4)(SO4)2(NCS)2] · 6H2O

Single crystals of Cs₄[(UO₂)₂(C₂O₄)(SO₄)₂(NCS)₂] · 4H₂O (I) and (NH₄)₄[(UO₂)₂(C₂O₄)(SO₄)₂(NCS)₂] · 6H₂O (II) have been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals of both compounds are orthorhombic with the space group Pbam, Z = 2, and unit cell parameters a = 12.0177(3) ?, b = 18.6182(5) ?, c = 6.7573(10) ?, R = 0.0376 (I); a = 11.6539(9) ?, b = 18.3791(13) ?, c = 6.7216(5) ?, R = 0.0179 (II). The main structural units of crystals I and II are [(UO₂)₂(C₂O₄)(SO₄)₂(NCS)₂]⁴⁻ chains belonging to the crystal-chemical group A₂K⁰²B₂²M₂¹ (A = UO₂²⁺, K⁰² = C₂O₄²⁻, B² = SO₄²⁻, M¹ = NCS⁻) of the uranyl complexes. The uranium-containing chains are joined into a three-dimensional framework due to a system of electrostatic interactions with the cesium or ammonium ions in the structure of I. In the structure of II, this framework is additionally stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving the outer-sphere water molecules and ammonium ions. Original Russian Text ? I.V. Medrish, A.V. Virovets, E.V. Peresypkina, L.B. Serezhkina, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1115–1120.     

TiO2促进Ti3C2负载Mn–N–C催化剂的电催化氧还原性能

开发高活性和稳定性的非贵金属催化剂作为氢氧燃料电池的电极催化剂具有重要意义.本文通过多巴胺和Mn²⁺在Ti₃C₂纳米片上发生配位和聚合反应,再在Ar气下高温处理,制得含有TiO₂颗粒的Ti₃C₂负载Mn–N–C催化剂(Ti₃C₂/Mn NC–TiO₂(H)).采用H₂/Ar混合气可以得到TiO₂较少的Ti₃C₂/Mn NC–TiO₂(L).研究发现Ti₃C₂/Mn NC–TiO₂(H)为四电子转移反应,相比Ti₃C₂/Mn NC–TiO₂(L)具有更高的电催化氧还原活性,接近商业Pt/C性能,同时兼具优异的稳定性.其优异的电催化性能可归结于Ti_...     

Oxo Peroxo Glycolato Complexesof Vanadium (V). Crystal Structureof (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(C2H2O3)2]?H2O

 Oxo peroxo glycolato complexes of vanadium(V) (M ₂[V₂O₂(O₂)₂(C₂H₂O₃)₂]ċnH₂O (n=0, 1; M=NBu₄ ⁺ (1), K⁺ (2), NH₄ ⁺ (3), Cs⁺ (4), NPr₄ ⁺ (5)) as well as (NBu₄)₂[V₂O₄(C₂H₂O₃)₂]ċ H₂O (6) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-Ray structure analysis of 1 revealed the presence of dinuclear [V₂O₂(O₂)₂(C₂H₂O₃)₂]²⁻ anions with a (chemical structure) bridging core and six coordinated vanadium(V) atoms in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal array.     

Synthesis and characterization of P2O5–ZrO2–SiO2 membranes doped with tungstophosphoric acid (PWA) for applications in PEMFC

Homogeneous, transparent and crack-free P₂O₅–ZrO₂ and P₂O₅–ZrO₂–SiO₂ membranes have been synthesized by the sol–gel process. A first step has been oriented to the optimization of the synthesis and characterization of different compositions by TGA, FE-SEM, FTIR and EIS to choose the best inorganic composition in terms of chemical and mechanical stability, and proton conductivity. The addition of SiO₂ improves the mechanical and chemical stability. On the other hand, compositions with higher content in P₂O₅ have demonstrated lower mechanical and chemical stability against water, but higher proton conductivity. The water retention and high porosity of inorganic membranes leads to high proton conductivity, 10⁻² S/cm, at 140 °C and 100% relative humidity. The second step has been focused in the study of doped inorganic membranes of molar composition 99.65(40P₂O₅–20ZrO₂–40SiO₂)–0.35PWA. The high homogeneity, transparency and SEM-EDX analysis of these membranes indicates no phase separation suggesting that PWA is well dispersed in the inorganic structure. The incorporation of PWA in sol–gel oxides provides an increase of the proton conductivity at low relative humidity due to the adequate distribution of PWA in the inorganic network. Conductivity increases in two orders of magnitude at low humidity (10⁻⁴ S/cm at 50 °C and 62% RH) compared with undoped sol–gel oxide membranes.     

Eu3+在Ba2TiSi2O8中的发光

The barium titano-silicate phosphors doped with Eu³⁺ were synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. The structures of as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder XRD. The maximum peaks of emission spectra of Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ and Ba₂TiSi₂O₈∶Eu³⁺ were respectively located at 450 and 618 nm, coming from the transitions of charge-transfer bands of Ti⁴⁺-O^2- and forced electric-dipole transition ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ of Eu³⁺. The luminous mechanisms of Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ and Ba₂TiSi₂O₈∶Eu³⁺ were suggested. The effects of concentration of Eu³⁺ on the luminous performance of Ba₂TiSi₂O₈∶Eu³⁺ were also studied and the results showed that the optimum concentration of Eu³⁺ was 0.12 mol per mole of matrix.     

Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2薄膜催化剂的结构对其光催化性能影响

以硅胶为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同量Fe3+的TiO2光催化剂(Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2),以氙灯为光源,罗丹明B为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行了研究.结果表明,Fe3+-TiO2/SiO2比TiO2纳米粉有更好的催化活性,Fe3+的最佳掺入量为0.03％.罗丹明B在粉体和膜催化剂的作用下遵循不同的光催化反应机理.根据XRD,SEM,Raman,XPS和FTIR的表征结果可认为,TiO2在SIO2表面薄膜化和Ti-O-Si键的形成是催化活性提高和降解机理不同的主要原因.