Slow-light delay enhancement in small-core pure silica photonic crystal fiber based on Brillouin scattering

We demonstrate that we realize large-delay slow light based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in a short length of our fabricated small-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The cavity effect from the partially reflective splices in the end of the PCF enhances slow-light delay significantly. Our experiments show that large slow-light delay can be easily realized in a very short length of the PCF with a moderate pump power. Up to a one-half pulse-width delay is achieved in only 50 m of PCF in a single pump segment.     

Brillouin characterization of holey optical fibers

We report the results of detailed measurements on the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), gain bandwidth, and gain coefficients of several small-core holey optical fibers (HFs) of both uniform and axially varying structural characteristics and compare these with measurements on more conventional fibers. Our measurements show that the BFS of HFs is first-order proportional to the modal index for light propagating along the fiber and is thus extremely sensitive to its precise structural parameters. Our results highlight the possibility of using distributed Brillouin scattering measurements to perform nondestructive structural characterization of HFs, and the possibility of producing Brillouin-suppressed HFs using controlled structural variation along the fiber length.     

组合型光纤相位共轭器的数值模拟

 组合光纤是一种结合了小口径光纤SBS阈值低和大口径光纤损伤阈值高的特点而形成的新型光纤相位共轭器。通过建立数学模型，数值计算了组合光纤中SBS形成的过程，并对其特性参数进行了一定的理论分析。结果表明组合光纤不但可以大幅度降低SBS阈值、获得高反射率和扩大动态范围，而且通过优化其几何尺寸可以抑制Stokes波形的波动现象并显著压缩泵浦光脉冲。     

Brillouin lasing in a single-mode tellurite fiber

We demonstrate Brillouin lasing in a single-mode TeO(2)-Bi(2)O(3)-ZnO-Na(2)O tellurite fiber. A peak value of Brillouin gain coefficients of 1.6989 x 10(-10) m/W is measured on the basis of gain characteristics. An all-fiber Brillouin laser with a maximum unsaturated power of 54.6 mW at 1550 nm and a slope efficiency of 38.2% are achieved from a 200 m tellurite fiber by employing a ring cavity. In addition, a tunable Brillouin comb tellurite fiber laser is demonstrated.     

光纤中的瞬态SBS过程的数值分析与探讨

通过数值方法得到了光纤中的瞬态SBS过程中耦合波和声场的强度分布图,从而分析了光纤中瞬态SBS的发生过程以及光纤长度、泵浦脉宽等因素对SBS反射率及阈值的影响,据此提出了一种新的光纤相位共轭器。     

光纤中的瞬态SBS过程的数值分析与探讨

 通过数值方法得到了光纤中的瞬态SBS过程中耦合波和声场的强度分布图，从而分析了光纤中瞬态SBS的发生过程以及光纤长度、泵浦脉宽等因素对SBS反射率及阈值的影响，据此提出了一种新的光纤相位共轭器。     

利用受激布里渊散射在光纤中实现光存储

利用有限差分法在慢变包络近似下求解了耦合波方程组,并从理论上实现了短光脉冲的存储。研究了数据脉冲的读出效率随声子寿命、布里渊增益系数、数据脉冲强度和控制脉冲强度的变化规律。结果显示:在长声子寿命的条件下,可以获得高的读出效率和长的存储时间,而布里渊增益系数和数据脉冲强度对读出效率没有影响;增大布里渊增益系数可以降低所需控制脉冲的强度。这种方法对短脉冲可以实现有效存储,而对长脉冲不能实现存储。     

利用受激布里渊散射在光纤中实现光存储

利用有限差分法在慢变包络近似下求解了耦合波方程组,并从理论上实现了短光脉冲的存储。研究了数据脉冲的读出效率随声子寿命、布里渊增益系数、数据脉冲强度和控制脉冲强度的变化规律。结果显示：在长声子寿命的条件下,可以获得高的读出效率和长的存储时间,而布里渊增益系数和数据脉冲强度对读出效率没有影响;增大布里渊增益系数可以降低所需控制脉冲的强度。这种方法对短脉冲可以实现有效存储,而对长脉冲不能实现存储。     

A low-threshold multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser with double-frequency spacing based on a small-core fiber

We demonstrate multiwavelength Brillouin fiber lasers (MWBFLs) with double-frequency spacing based on a small-core fiber (SCF) and a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), which have core diameters of 5 and 8.8 μm, respectively. Experimental results show that the SCF-based MWBFL exhibits a higher laser output power and a lower pump threshold. The output powers of the SCF-based MWBFL are > 1.4 times those of the SMF-based MWBFL. Moreover, the threshold power required to generate each channel of the SCF-based MWBFL is 59% that of the SMF-based MWBFL. When the same pump power of 180 mW is injected, the number of laser channels generated for the SCF-based MWBFL is 13, which is twice that generated for the SMF-based MWBFL. In addition, the SCF-based MWBFL exhibits good wavelength tunability from 1535 to 1565 nm and temporal stability over an hour.     

Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in polymer optical fiber with pump-probe technique

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (POF) with 120 μm core diameter was experimentally observed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, at 1.55 μm wavelength with the pump-probe technique. Compared to spontaneous Brillouin scattering previously reported, the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) was detected with an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio, even with a short POF (1 m) and scrambled polarization state. We also investigated the BGS dependences on probe power and temperature, which indicate that SBS in a POF measured with this technique can be utilized to develop high-accuracy temperature sensing systems.     

Rayleigh scattering-assisted narrow linewidth Brillouin lasing in cascaded fiber

We report a single frequency lasing phenomenon with a narrow linewidth of ～3 kHz in cascaded fiber that is composed of three types of low-loss communication fibers. The Rayleigh scattering of the Brillouin Stokes light created in the middle fiber section along both directions is enhanced by the other two fiber sections. When the Brillouin gain of the middle fiber exceeds the effective loss of the Brillouin stokes light in a roundtrip, a narrow linewidth lasing is observed on the top of the Brillouin spectrum line of the middle fiber. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on Rayleigh scattering-assisted Brillouin lasing with single frequency and narrow linewidth in cascaded low-loss communication fibers.     

Forward and backward intensity noises induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber

The characteristic of intensity noise is degraded when stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) occurs in the fiber transmission systems. We use the localized fluctuating model to study SBS and obtain the curves of intensity fluctuations versus the single-pass gain. Corresponding experiments are also conducted. For the forward light, the relative intensity noise (RIN) dramatically increases at first and gradually stabilizes when the input power is above the SBS threshold. For the backward light, the RIN increases dramatically with the input power near the threshold. As the input power continues to increase, the RIN decreases quickly at first and subsequently decreases slowly. This observation is attributed to the lower frequencies.     

Potential of Brillouin scattering in polymer optical fiber for strain-insensitive high-accuracy temperature sensing

We investigated the dependences of Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on strain and temperature in a perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (PFGI-POF) at 1.55 μm wavelength. They showed negative dependences with coefficients of -121.8 MHz/% and -4.09 MHz/K, respectively, which are -0.2 and -3.5 times as large as those in silica fibers. These unique BFS dependences indicate that the Brillouin scattering in PFGI-POFs has a big potential for strain-insensitive high-accuracy temperature sensing.     

Enhancement of stimulated Brillouin scattering of higher-order acoustic modes in single-mode optical fiber

Solving the elastic wave equation exactly for a GeO2-doped silica fiber with a steplike distribution of the longitudinal and shear velocities and density, we have obtained the dispersion, attenuation, and fields of the leaky acoustic modes supported by the fiber. We have developed a model for stimulated Brillouin scattering of these modes in a pump-probe configuration and provided their Brillouin gains and frequencies for an extended range of core sizes and GeO2 doping. Parameter ranges close to cutoff of the acoustic modes and pump depletion enhance the ratio of higher-order peaks to the main peak in the Brillouin spectrum and are suitable for simultaneous strain-temperature sensing.     

Investigation on threshold power of stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fiber

We have developed a theoretical approach to simulate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) generation in photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The threshold condition for the SBS occurrence has been derived as a function of fiber parameters and input pump power. A particular emphasis is given to the influence of the input pump power and fiber length on the Brillouin gain in the PCF. To assess threshold pump power accurately, the pump depletion effect has been included by employing the 1% criterion. This simulation can anticipate the Brillouin threshold gain value precisely. The threshold gain varies from 14 to 18 depending on the PCF length.     

Bi-directional dual-wavelength Brillouin lasing in a hybrid fiber ring cavity

In this paper, a novel Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is proposed based on the hybrid fiber ring cavity composed of two types of fibers with different Brillouin shifts. Single mode fiber (SMF) and truewave fiber (TWF) are used in our experiments. Bi-directional dual-wavelength Brillouin lasing is achieved in the hybrid fiber ring cavity. The lasing lights along the two directions come from the Stokes waves generated in the two fibers, respectively, with different Brillouin shifts, however, they share the same fiber ring cavity. The BFL based on the hybrid fiber ring cavity provides a simple possible way to realize Brillouin fiber optical gyroscopes (BFOGs) without lock-in effect.     

Passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering

We demonstrate passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Four off-axis beams are combined in a long multimode optical fiber using a novel all-optical mount. The combined beam has the high spatial coherence properties of the LP(01) mode owing to the beam cleanup properties of SBS. The threshold for SBS when off-axis pumps are used is shown to be a factor of 13 times higher than for on-axis pump beams. We propose this method would improve the brightness of an array of fiber amplifiers.     

基于自发布里渊散射的双路分布式光纤传感器设计与实现

利用光纤中的布里渊散射光频移与温度和应变呈线性关系的原理,提出了一种基于自发布里渊散射的双支路分布式光纤传感系统。该系统利用不同种类光纤的布里渊频移差别,同时对两条线路的应力和温度进行监测,实现对被测对象多方位的同时测量,缩短了探测时间,提高了工作效率。本文实现了两路光纤的同时监测,用6 km的光纤作为传感介质,获得了4 m的空间分辨率。得到的实验结果表明,提出的系统能准确判断40 ns脉冲光在两路传感光纤沿线产生的自发布里渊背向散射光谱的中心频率变化。      

Stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency-domain analysis in a single-mode optical fiber for distributed sensing

A numerical and experimental analysis of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode optical fiber for distributed sensing applications is carried out in the frequency domain. The theoretical model describing the Brillouin interaction is solved by taking into account the temporal dynamics of the acoustic wave that is involved. The simulations and the experimental results reveal the role played by the ac component of the acoustic wave, which is responsible for significant changes of the small-signal stimulated Brillouin scattering transfer function that occur when the modulation frequency rises above the natural Brillouin gain spectrum linewidth. One should take these effects into account to perform accurate signal processing of frequency-domain signals in high-resolution distributed sensing applications.