Tunneling time in space fractional quantum mechanics

We calculate the time taken by a wave packet to travel through a classically forbidden region of space in space fractional quantum mechanics. We obtain the close form expression of tunneling time from a rectangular barrier by stationary phase method. We show that tunneling time depends upon the width b of the barrier for $b\to \infty$ and therefore Hartman effect doesn't exist in space fractional quantum mechanics. Interestingly we found that the tunneling time monotonically reduces with increasing b. The tunneling time is smaller in space fractional quantum mechanics as compared to the case of standard quantum mechanics. We recover the Hartman effect of standard quantum mechanics as a special case of space fractional quantum mechanics.     

A probabilistic analysis of the difficulties of unifying quantum mechanics with the theory of relativity

A procedure is given for the transformation of quantum mechanical operator equations into stochastic equations. The stochastic equations reveal a simple correlation between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics: Quantum mechanics operates with “optimal estimations,” classical mechanics is the limit of “complete information.” In this connection, Schrödinger's substitution relationsp _x → -i? ?/?x, etc, reveal themselves as exact mathematical transformation formulas. The stochastic version of quantum mechanical equations provides an explanation for the difficulties in correlating quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity: In physics “time” is always thought of as a numerical parameter; but in the present formalism of physics “time” is described by two formally totally different quantities. One of these two “times” is a numerical parameter and the other a random variable. This last concept of time shows all the properties required by the theory of relativity and is therefore to be considered as the relativistic time.     

Time delay

The concepts of time delay and dwell time in quantum mechanics, and their applications to regular and chaotic scattering, to statistical mechanics, and to the tunneling time problem, among others, are reviewed. The emphasis is on physical concepts and on a pedagogical presentation.     

Time as a Geometric Concept Involving Angular Relations in Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics

The goal of this paper is to introduce the notion of a four-dimensional time in classical mechanics and in quantum mechanics as a natural concept related with the angular momentum. The four-dimensional time is a consequence of the geometrical relation in the particle in a given plane defined by the angular momentum. A quaternion is the mathematical entity that gives the correct direction to the four-dimensional time.     

Two-time correlation functions: stochastic and conventional quantum mechanics

An investigation of two-time correlation functions is reported within the framework of (i) stochastic quantum mechanics and (ii) conventional Heisenberg-Schr?dinger quantum mechanics. The spectral functions associated with the two-time electric dipole moment correlation functions are worked out in detail for the case of the hydrogen atom. While the single time averages are identical for stochastic and conventional quantum mechanics, differences arise in the two approaches for multiple time correlation functions.     

The Mathematical Role of Time and Space-Time in Classical Physics

We use Padoa's principle of independence of primitive symbols in axiomatic systems in order to discuss the mathematical role of time and spacetime in some classical physical theories. We show that time is eliminable in Newtonian mechanics and that spacetime is also dispensable in Hamiltonian mechanics, Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, the Dirac electron, classical gauge fields, and general relativity.     

Possibility and Time in Quantum Mechanics

In the discourse of quantum mechanics it is usual to say that non-commuting observables cannot have definite values at the same time, or that they cannot be simultaneously measured. But, what does the term ‘cannot’ mean in this context? Does it stand for impossible? Should Heisenberg’s principle be read in terms of uncertainty or of indeterminacy? On the other hand, whereas the debates about the nature of time in classical and relativistic mechanics have been many and varied, the question about the nature of time in quantum mechanics has not received the same attention, especially when compared to the large amount of literature on interpretive issues. The purpose of this paper is to show that, under a realist interpretation of quantum mechanics, these two matters, possibility and time, are strongly related. The final aim is to argue that, when possibility and actuality are conceived as irreducible modes of being, they are correlated to two different notions of time that can be distinguished in the quantum realm: parameter-time and event-time.     

Quantum Dynamics and Kinematics from a Statistical Model Selected by the Principle of Locality

Quantum mechanics predicts correlation between spacelike separated events which is widely argued to violate the principle of local causality. By contrast, here we shall show that the Schrödinger equation with Born’s statistical interpretation of wave function and uncertainty relation can be derived from a statistical model of microscopic stochastic deviation from classical mechanics which is selected uniquely, up to a free parameter, by the principle of Local Causality. Quantization is thus argued to be physical and Planck constant acquires an interpretation as the average stochastic deviation from classical mechanics in a microscopic time scale. Unlike canonical quantization, the resulting quantum system always has a definite configuration all the time as in classical mechanics, fluctuating randomly along a continuous trajectory. The average of the relevant physical quantities over the distribution of the configuration are shown to be equal numerically to the quantum mechanical average of the corresponding Hermitian operators over a quantum state.     

A Stochastic Mechanics Based on Bohm‧s Theory and its Connection with Quantum Mechanics

We construct a stochastic mechanics by replacing Bohm‧s first-order ordinary differential equation of motion with a stochastic differential equation where the stochastic process is defined by the set of Bohmian momentum time histories from an ensemble of particles. We show that, if the stochastic process is a purely random process with n-th order joint probability density in the form of products of delta functions, then the stochastic mechanics is equivalent to quantum mechanics in the sense that the former yields the same position probability density as the latter. However, for a particular non-purely random process, we show that the stochastic mechanics is not equivalent to quantum mechanics. Whether the equivalence between the stochastic mechanics and quantum mechanics holds for all purely random processes but breaks down for all non-purely random processes remains an open question.     

Tunneling time and stochastic-mechanical trajectories for the double-barrier potential

Quantum motion of particles tunneling a double barrier potential is considered by using stochastic mechanics. Stochastic-mechanical trajectories give us information about complex motion of tunneling particles that is not obtained within the framework of ordinary quantum mechanics. Using such information, we calculate the tunneling times within each of the barriers which depend on the distance between them. It is found that the stochastic-mechanical tunneling time shows better asymptotic behavior than the quantum-mechanical dwell time and presence time.     

Discrete quantum mechanics

Recently the possibility was raised that time can be regarded as a dynamical variable. This leads to the formulation of discrete mechanics, with the usual continuum mechanics appearing as an approximation. The difference between these two is examined in this paper.     

Energy Translation and Proper-Time Eigenstates

The usual quantum mechanics describes the mass eigenstates. To describe the proper-time eigenstates, a duality theory of the usual quantum mechanics was developed. The time interval is treated as an operator on an equal footing with the space interval, and the quantization of the spacetime intervals between events is obtained. As a result, one can show that there exists a zero-point time interval.     

量子力学中的时间

研究量子力学中的时间问题，既存在理论价值也有实用价值.由于时间在传统量子力学理论中扮演一个参数而不是力学量算符的角色，这使得人们在研究某个物理过程的时间问题时，总要面临如何构造时间算符和计算平均时间的问题.在本文中，我们将系统地给出构造时间算符和求时间的量子力学平均的一般方法. 关键词： 时间算符 平均时间 自共轭性 能量平移     

Quantum Tunneling Time: Relativistic Extensions

Several years ago, in quantum mechanics, Davies proposed a method to calculate particle’s traveling time with the phase difference of wave function. The method is convenient for calculating the sojourn time inside a potential step and the tunneling time through a potential hill. We extend Davies’ non-relativistic calculation to relativistic quantum mechanics, with and without particle-antiparticle creation, using Klein–Gordon equation and Dirac Equation, for different forms of energy-momentum relation. The extension is successful only when the particle and antiparticle creation/annihilation effect is negligible.     

摆球运动的仿真设计

物体的摆动是自然界最基本的运动形式之一,同时也是力学课程中的基础内容之一.在牛顿力学与拉格朗日力学原理指导下本文利用数学软件Maple强大的计算与图形制作功能对大角度单摆、双摆、有阻力情况下的傅科摆运动问题进行了分析计算,并制作其运动的仿真动画,以精确、生动、形象的动画反映摆球运动的物理规律,实现了可视化教学的目的.     

Classical approach to quantum theory

A formulation of nonrelativistic, spinless, quantum mechanics is presented which is based on four postulates. Three of the postulates are very analogous to relations that hold in an operator formulation of classical mechanics, and the fourth is that the wave function evolves linearly in time. The conventional statistical assertions of quantum theory as well as the Schrödinger equation are recovered.     

Testing Super-Deterministic Hidden Variables Theories

We propose to experimentally test non-deterministic time evolution in quantum mechanics by consecutive measurements of non-commuting observables on the same prepared state. While in the standard theory the measurement outcomes are uncorrelated, in a super-deterministic hidden variables theory the measurements would be correlated. We estimate that for macroscopic experiments the correlation time is too short to have been noticed yet, but that it may be possible with a suitably designed microscopic experiment to reach a parameter range where one would expect a super-deterministic modification of quantum mechanics to become relevant.     

New geometrical frameworks for classical impulsive mechanics

A new context is introduced to give a formal geometric environment for the study of impulsive mechanics of systems with finite number of degrees of freedom. The new structures embody the usual ones of analytical mechanics such as tangent bundles for time independent systems and jet-bundles for time dependent ones. They allow a causally consistent definition of active impulse acting on the systems and a clear geometric view of the equations of motion.     

Tunneling time based on the quantum diffusion process approach in multichannel and optical potential cases

We analyze the effects of inelastic scattering on the tunneling time theoretically, using generalized Nelson’s quantum mechanics. This generalization enables us to describe quantum system with channel couplings and optical potential in a real time stochastic approach, which seems to give us a new insight into quantum mechanics beyond Copenhagen interpretation