Synthesis and thermochemical study of 1 : 2 : 4 phases in the (Y,Gd)–Ba–Cu–O system

Synthesis of the Y_xGd_1−xBa₂Cu₄O₈ phases (x=1; 0.5; 0.75) by special method from nitrates is described in this paper. Dissolution enthalpies of YBa₂Cu₄O₈, Y_0.5Gd_0.5Ba₂Cu₄O₈, Y_0.75Gd_0.25Ba₂Cu₄O₈, Y₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, CuO, BaCO₃ were measured in 6 N HCl at 323 K. On the basis of obtained experimental data, the enthalpies of some reactions with Y_xGd_1−xBa₂Cu₄O₈ were determined. It was established that the above-mentioned 1 : 2 : 4 superconductors were thermodynamically more favourable than mixtures including CuO, YBa₂Cu₃O_x. It was also established that, according to the obtained data, these phases can react with CO₂.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese-copper Spinel Ferrite Powders

Magnetic Mn_1-xCu_xFe₂O₄(x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0) nanoparticles were synthesized by single citrate precursor method. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR). For samples with a low copper content(x<0.5), the copper ions have a tendency to occupy and substitute the Fe³⁺ at the tetrahedral(A) sites. For samples with a high copper content(x>0.5), most Cu²⁺ enter into the octahedral(B) sites. Transfer of Fe³⁺ from octahedral sites to tetrahedral sites leads to the decrease of the saturation magnetization. Maximum coercivity is observed for CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles due to the strengthened magnetic anisotropy arisen from the Jahn-Teller effect of the octahedral copper ions. The dependence of magnetic properties of Mn_0.8Cu_0.2Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles on calcination temperature was investigated. The cation distribution in Mn_0.8Cu_0.2Fe₂O₄ is sensitive to the calcination temperature.     

硬模板法制备固体氧化物燃料电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC立体阳极

为在固体氧化物燃料电池中有效利用干甲烷为燃料,需制作多孔立体阳极。采用硬模板法和浸渍法制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC阳极材料(Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC),为作对比,用溶胶凝胶法制备粉末状Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x,机械混合SDC粉末制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC。将这两种阳极材料分别制作电解质支撑的单电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC|YSZ|LSMYSZ与Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC|YSZ|LSM-YSZ,并进行发电性能测试以及长期稳定性实验。结果表明,800℃下,干甲烷环境中,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度为324.99 m W/cm2,运行10 h后,电压下降5.60%;而以Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度达到384.54 m W/cm2,运行100 h后,电压未严重衰减。实验后阳极的SEM照片表明,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC阳极内孔隙狭小,易被积炭堵塞;而Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC阳极呈立体多孔结构,有利于燃料气体与反应后气体的扩散。催化剂颗粒均匀地包覆在SDC纤维管表面,有利于增加三相界面,提高电池的稳定性。     

New insights into the structure of supported bimetallic nanocluster catalysts prepared from carbonylated precursors: a combined density functional theory and EXAFS study

An ensemble of Ru₁₂Cu₄C₂ bimetallic clusters derived from organometallic precursors and anchored within mesoporous silica is investigated with molecular mechanics (MM) and ab initio techniques. The computational study, guided by experiment, yields a representative cluster structure which is compared with EXAFS data. The comparison yields possible insights into the effects of cluster structure upon the thermal decomposition of the carbonyl ligands. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest an unexpected structural modification of the silica-supported cluster upon removal of the attendent carbonyl ligands, in particular the displacement of the central carbido atoms.     

单层石墨相氮化碳负载Pt4团簇吸附O2的第一性理论研究

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型模拟研究了Pt₄团簇吸附单层石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)的几何结构和电子性质,以及氧气在其表面上的吸附行为。同时,对比分析了氧气在纯净的石墨相氮化碳和Pt₄团簇上的吸附行为。计算结果表明, Pt₄团簇吸附在3-s-三嗪环石墨相氮化碳表面,并与四个边缘氮原子成键,形成两个六元环时为最稳定构型。Pt₄团簇倾向于吸附在三嗪环石墨相氮化碳的空位并与邻近三个氮原子成键。由于Pt与N原子较强的杂化作用,以及金属与底物之间较多电子转移增强了Pt₄团簇吸附g-C₃N₄的稳定性。另外,对比分析了氧气在纯净的g-C₃N₄和金属吸附的g-C₃N₄上吸附行为,发现金属原子的加入促进了电子转移,同时拉长了O―O键长。Pt₄吸附3-s-三嗪环g-C₃N₄比Pt₄吸附三嗪环g-C₃N₄表现出微弱的优势,表现出明显的基底扭曲以及较大的吸附能。这些结果表明,化学吸附通过调节电子结构和表面性质增强催化性能的较好方法。     

CO2在α-U(001)表面的吸附和解离

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论研究了0.25ML覆盖度下CO₂在α-U（001）表面上的吸附和解离,得到了CO₂的稳定吸附构型和吸附能,确定了CO₂的解离过渡态和解离能垒,探讨了CO₂与表面U原子的相互作用本质.结果表明CO₂趋向以C（O）-U多键结合方式在α-U（001）面发生强化学吸附,吸附能为1.24-1.67 eV;C-O键的活化程度依赖于表面电子向CO₂发生转移的程度.CO₂与表面U原子的相互作用主要来自于U原子电子向CO₂最低空轨道（LUMO）2π_u转移,以及CO₂π_u/1π_g/3σ_u-U 6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键.以形成3个C-U键和6个O-U键模式在穴位1和穴位2上发生吸附的CO₂（H1-C₃O₆和H2-C₃O₆）的解离吸附能分别为3.15和3.13 eV,解离能垒分别为0.26和0.36 eV,预示着吸附CO₂分于易于解离形成CO分子和O原子.     

Synthesis,structure and magnetism of a novel Cu4^ⅡTi5^Ⅳ heterometallic cluster

A nonanuclear Cu4^ⅡTi5^Ⅳheterometallic cluster,[Ti5 Cu4 O6(ba)(16)](1,Hba=benzoic acid)was synthesized in one-pot reaction under the solvothermal condition.The metallic skeleton 1 contains a Ti5 core constructed from two vertex-shared Ti3 triangles and four separated Cu atoms outside which are connected together byμ3-O^2- ions.Total 16 ba ligands adoptμ2-η^1:η^1 coordination mode to protect the overall hetero metallic co re.Due to the unique d-d transitions of Cu^Ⅱion,the reflectance spectrum of 1 displays broad and strong absorption towards visible light extending to the near-infrared region.Moreover,1 shows almost purely paramagnetic behavior with the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions at low temperatures.     

基于微流控技术平台的Pt基三元电催化剂高通量合成和筛选（英文）

高性能铂基电催化剂的高效合成和筛选对于加速其在各个领域的进一步发展和应用具有重要意义。微流控高通量技术在铂基电催化剂的合成参数优化应用方面具有巨大的潜力。然而,缺少性能评估的微流控高通量合成无法最大限度地发挥其优势。在这项工作中,我们构建了将材料的高通量合成与高通量筛选相结合的多功能平台。该平台的微流控芯片可以生成三种不同前驱体金属离子的20级浓度梯度。微反应器阵列具有100个微通道,用于材料合成和电化学表征。利用该平台我们合成了5组铂基三元电催化剂(共计100种不同的组分),并进行了电化学表征,直接确定了Pt基三元电催化剂对析氧反应的最佳组成。这表明我们所构建微流控高通量平台具有高效性和灵活性,可大大缩短了新材料开发和材料性能优化的周期。     

基于密度泛函理论的燃煤飞灰未燃尽碳与烟气砷作用机理

基于密度泛函理论研究了燃煤飞灰中未燃尽碳（unburned carbon， UBC）组分对气态单质砷As及其氧化物AsO、AsO₂和As₂O₃的作用机理。结果表明，单质砷优先吸附于碳桥位，吸附能在（-5.95）-（-5.88） eV。AsO分子中的砷、氧原子分别与碳原子成键时，吸附构型最稳定，吸附能最低为-7.87 eV。当AsO₂在未燃尽碳表面解离形成一个AsO和表面活性氧时，体系最稳定，吸附能为-10.65 eV。当三角双锥As₂O₃分子以两个氧原子首先碰撞未燃尽碳表面时，将解离形成AsO和AsO₂小分子，并分别与表面碳成键，此时体系吸附能相较于未解离情形而言显著降低，达到-10.64 eV。飞灰未燃尽碳与AsO或AsO₂小分子的结合较紧密，局部倾向于形成特殊的五元环结构。毒性最强的三价态砷As₂O₃，相较于As、AsO和AsO₂而言，化学性质稳定，不易发生吸附。将其催化裂解为AsO、AsO₂小分子，有望成为可行的燃煤电厂烟气砷污染控制措施。     

Mo/Fe3O4(111)表面对燃煤烟气汞吸附的密度泛函研究

利用CASTEP软件包采用密度泛函理论计算研究了过渡金属Mo掺杂Fe_3O_4(111)Fe_(tet)表面对Hg~0、HgCl和HgCl_2的吸附特征,分析了Mo掺杂前后Fe_3O_4(111)Fe_(tet)表面上不同汞物种的吸附形态。结果表明,Mo掺杂Fe_3O_4(111)Fe_(tet)表面对HgCl和HgCl_2为化学吸附,而对Hg~0的吸附为物理吸附;与纯净表面相比,HgCl在Mo原子掺杂表面上的吸附能提高了40%-66%。HgCl_2在纯净Fe_3O_4(111)Fe_(tet)表面形成"M"形结构;而掺杂Mo原子后,由于Cl原子与Mo原子之间更强的相互作用,使得HgCl_2发生了完全解离,两个Cl原子分别与Mo原子和Fe原子成键吸附在表面,Hg脱附。相关研究结果可为脱除燃煤烟气中的汞提供一定的理论指导。     

Assembly of molecular squares and helical chain polymers of Mo(W)/Cu/S clusters using thiolato ligands as linkers

Reactions between thiomolybdate or thiotungstate [Et₄N]₂[MS₄] (M = Mo, W) and CuSBu^t led to the formation of two novel Mo(W)/Cu/S clusters [Et₄N]₄[{MS₄Cu₂(μ-SBu^t)}₄] (1, M = Mo; 2, M = W). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that 2 is the first example of a molecular square containing CuS₂WS₂Cu building blocks. The reactions of [Et₄N]₂[MS₄] with CuCl followed by the addition of K₂SSS (SSS = 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiolate) yielded novel polymers {[Et₄N]₂[MS₄Cu₂(SSS)]}_n (3, M = Mo; 4, M = W). Crystal structure determination shows that the CuS₂WS₂Cu building blocks in the anion of 4 are bridged by SSS²⁻ ligands to produce a helical chain running down the crystallographic b axis.     

Adsorption of pyridine on the Lewis acid sites of microcrystalline γ-alumina: a quantum chemical cluster model study

Adsorption of pyridine on Lewis acid sites of microcrystalline γ-alumina was studied by quantum chemical cluster model approach at B3LYP and HF/6-31++G(d,p) levels of theory considering both the standard and the counterpoise-corrected potential energy surfaces (PESs). Harmonic vibrational frequency shifts of pyridine ν₈ and ν₁₉ internal mode components calculated at both levels of theory seem to excellently reproduce the experimental observations, the results for standard and counterpoise-corrected PESs being essentially identical. The interaction energies of pyridine with various clusters representing microcrystalline γ-Al₂O₃ were also calculated and the natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules analyses were performed.     

Self-assembly in dinuclear, cyclic homotetranuclear and cyclic heterotetranuclear complexes with a picolylhydrazone ligand

Reactions among Cu(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O, Cu(acac)₂/VO(acac)₂ and 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde Picoloylhydrazone in different solvents give three complexes, [Cu₂L(acac)(H₂O)₂]ClO₄ (1), [Cu₄L₂(acac)₂(py)₂](ClO₄)₂ (2) and (VO₂)₂L₂Cu₂(acac)₂ (3) (acac = acetyl acetonate and py = pyridine). There is an extended 2D structure in complex 1 constructed by hydrogen bonds between the binuclear complex cation and the ClO₄⁻ anion, and an extended 1D structure in complex 2 constructed by weak ππ stacking interactions between neighboring cyclic tetranuclear complex molecules. Complex 3 is the first oxovanadium–copper complex with a bridging oxo oxygen atom between the V atom and the Cu atom. The solid-state photoluminescent properties of the three title complexes have been studied. There is an antiferromagnetic interaction in 1.     

Non-empirical molecular orbital studies of the possibility of ferromagnetic ordering in isoelectron-substituted ferrocarbon modifications

The vertical singlet-triplet (ST) splitting in the C₃H₆ molecule and C₂BH⁻₆ and C₂NH⁺₆ ions has been investigated by means of ab initio calculations. The molecular geometry was either taken as that corresponding to the UHF/6-31G^* or UHF/6-31+G^* energy minimum of the triplet configuration (for C₃H₆, C₂BH⁻₆, C₂NH⁺₆), or was extracted from the ferrocarbon crystal (for C₃H₆). Polarized split-valence basis sets (6-31G^*, 6-31+G^* and 6-311G^**) and fourth-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at the MP4SDTQ level of approximation provides more reliable ST splitting values, than the MP4SDQ level, the latter being the most accurate method used in our previous work. These calculations prove the presence of ferromagnetic ordering within the same quasi-graphite plane of ferrocarbon crystal. The presence of such ordering has been shown within the same quasi-graphite plane upon substitution of sp³ carbon atoms by ions B⁻, N⁺ and so on.     

Pt-Cu合金纳米枝晶的合成及其氧还原催化性能

纳米材料的结构和化学成分对其催化性能的显著影响已经得到验证. 因此,本文通过一种简易的蚀刻方法,合成出具有均匀合金结构且尺寸和形貌均一的Pt-Cu纳米枝晶（NDs）作为高效氧还原（ORR）催化剂. 其树枝状形貌的形成得益于由Br^-/O₂氧化蚀刻剂引起的蚀刻效应. 通过改变Pt/Cu前驱体的比例可以容易地调节Pt-Cu NDs的Pt/Cu原子比,而不会使其树枝状形貌发生改变. 活性最高的碳载Pt₁Cu₁ NDs（Pt₁Cu₁ NDs/C）的面积比活性为1.17 mA·cm^-2@0.9V（vs. RHE）,约为商业Pt/C的5.32倍. 此外,Pt₁Cu₁ NDs/C还具有卓越的电化学耐久性,即使在经过加速衰减实验的12000个电势循环后仍保持其优异的ORR催化活性. Pt₁Cu₁ NDs/C优异的ORR催化活性和电化学耐久性得益于由其合金结构和枝晶形貌产生的电子效应和结构效应.     

Potential active sites of Mo single atoms for electrocatalytic reduction of N2

Single atom catalysts(SACs) with isolated metal atoms dispersed on supports exhibit distinctive performances for electrocatalysis reactions.The designable realization of well-dispersed single metal atoms is still a great challenge owing to their ease of aggregation.Here,Mo single atomic sites(Mo-N₃C)combined with some ultrasmall Mo₂C/MoN clusters(Mo-SA/Mo₂C-MoN-Cs,mean diameter <2 nm) on nitrogen-doped porous carbon were synthesized via a simple pyrolysis of bimetallic Zn/Mo metalorganic frameworks.X-ray absorption near edge spectra(XANES) in combination with various characterizations show that most of Mo species in sample exist in the form of single sites and the exact structure is Mo-N₃C.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation further shows that as the number of Ncoordination in the Mo-NxC moieties increases,the positive cha rge of Mo atoms increases.The single Mo atoms in Mo-N₃C have the best capability of N₂ adsorption,which may serve as main active sites for further electrochemical N2 reduction.     

Calculation of critical temperature Tc in high temperature superconductivity using grand canonical ensemble

In this paper we use the grand canonical ensemble to calculate the T_c of superconductivity for the compound YBa₂Cu₃O₇ under one dimensional Cu–O chain model. The results are consistent with experiments.     

How bridging ligands and neighbouring groups tune the gold-gold bond strength

Gold-gold interactions in small polynuclear complexes are analysed using extended Hückel calculations. They are influenced by the nature of the ligand donor atoms, by the bridging ligands, but most by the formal oxidation state of the metal. Au---Au bonds are much stronger in complexes of Au(II) and Au(III), but a weak interaction between two d¹⁰ centres exists for Au(I) complexes, owing to mixing of the s and p orbitals with the d orbitals. Phosphines induce stronger metal-metal bonds when coordinated trans to the Au---Au bond in [Au(II)[(CH₂)₂PPh₂]L]₂ (Ph = phenyl), but have the opposite effect when bonded orthogonally to the metal-metal axis in Au(I) binuclear species. When two gold atoms are bridged by a single carbon atom, belonging either to mesityl (Mes = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂) or CR₂, the former produces stronger Au(I)---Au(I) interactions, reflected in shorter distances. Formal oxidation states are proposed for the gold atoms in two mixed-valence clusters, [Au4(C₆F₅)₂((PPh₃)_{2CH})2(PPh3)2](ClO4)2 and [{(2,4,6-C6F3H2)Au(CH2PPh2CH2)2Au{in2}-Au(CH₂PPh₂CH₂)₂Au](ClO₄)₂. The results suggest a higher oxidation state for the outer gold atoms, in both the T-shaped tetranuclear cluster and the Au₆ linear chain.     

An ab initio and matrix isolation infrared study of the 1:1 C2H2–CHCl3 adduct

The details of weak C–Hπ interactions that control several inter and intramolecular structures have been studied experimentally and theoretically for the 1:1 C₂H₂–CHCl₃ adduct. The adduct was generated by depositing acetylene and chloroform in an argon matrix and a 1:1 complex of these species was identified using infrared spectroscopy. Formation of the adduct was evidenced by shifts in the vibrational frequencies compared to C₂H₂ and CHCl₃ species. The molecular structure, vibrational frequencies and stabilization energies of the complex were predicted at the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels. Both the computational and experimental data indicate that the C₂H₂–CHCl₃ complex has a weak hydrogen bond involving a C–Hπ interaction, where the C₂H₂ acts as a proton acceptor and the CHCl₃ as the proton donor. In addition, there also appears to be a secondary interaction between one of the chlorine atoms of CHCl₃ and a hydrogen in C₂H₂. The combination of the C–Hπ interaction and the secondary ClH interaction determines the structure and the energetics of the C₂H₂–CHCl₃ complex. In addition to the vibrational assignments for the C₂H₂–CHCl₃ complex we have also observed and assigned features owing to the proton accepting C₂H₂ submolecule in the acetylene dimer.     

Reversible Adsorption of NOx on ZrO2-supported CeO2 Prepared in Water-in-oil Microemulsion

Nitric oxides (NOx) storage catalyst^[1] provides an alternative route for abatement of NO in presence of oxygen by first adsorbing NOx and then desorbing it by temperature swing or pressure swing. YBa₂Cu₃Oy^[2] and Mn-Zr mixed oxides^[3] were reported to have large NOx adsorption capacity, but the former suffered from a great amount of coexisting CO₂ gases. The author previously reported that high NOx adsorption capacity could be obtained on Ce modified TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite without deactivation by CO₂^[1]. Microemulsion method was reported to be effective to control particle sizes and microstructures of the metal oxides^[4]. In this paper, a thermal stable ZrO₂ with high surface area was prepared in water-in-oil microemulsion, and NOx adsorption capacity was tested on the above ZrO₂ sample after impregnating with manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate.