基于投影栅线法测量物体三维轮廓的一点改进

研究了利用投影栅线法测量光滑鼠标的三维轮廓。对传统的傅里叶变换轮廓术提出了一点改进,在傅里叶变换之后,不对频谱部分频移,而是直接滤出需要的高、低频部分,再分别进行傅里叶逆变换,就可以得到与高度有关的相位差。该方法与传统的方法相比,减少了3次频移的过程,大大减少了计算量,也提高了滤波的精度。实验结果表明:只需要0.1 s就可以完成测量过程,测量精度达到0.2 mm, 可以成功实现光滑物体的三维轮廓测量。     

基于傅里叶变换轮廓术方法的复杂物体三维面形测量

提出一种在数字加权滤波和调制度分析基础上形成可靠性控制模板，并按可靠度排序进行位相展开的新方法，该法用于傅里叶变换轮廓术中，可以兼顾所求位相精度和位相展开的可靠度，适合复杂物体面形的测量，给出了傅里叶变换轮廓术对复杂物体面形测量的应用实例。     

动态液面面形测量

将傅里叶变换轮廓术（FTP）运用到地动态液体面形测量,采用CCD快速获取由龙基（Ronchi）光谱投影到处于动态变化过程的液体表面上的一系列变形条纹,经过傅里叶变换,频谱滤波,逆傅里叶变换,三维相位展开等处理后得到的重建的一系列液面面形,能再现动态液面的变化过程,也能获取液体旋涡的一些特征参数,为流体力学相关研究提供了一种新的方法。     

加窗傅里叶变换在三维形貌测量中的应用

采用加窗傅里叶变换技术(GTGM)对变形光栅图像进行分析在窗口区域内提取基频,并随着窗口的移动进行叠加,有效地重构出全部的基频信息,改善了不同频谱的叠加现象,提高测量的精度.     

三维形貌检测的自动参考栅象法研究

本文提出了一种用于曲面形貌检测的傅里叶变换法中的参考栅象图的自动产生及误差修正方法,通过对实际测量图象的处理,证明该方法具有很好的使用效果,从而大大提高了傅里叶变换法检测曲面形貌的精度和实用性。     

两步相移实现投影栅相位测量轮廓术

提出一种新的投影栅相位测量方法--两步相移法。该方法只需两幅相移条纹图，因此计算量小，速度快。给出了实验及计算结果，并同四步相移法进行了比较，证明了该方法具有较高的精度。     

调制度测量轮廓术在复杂面形测量中的应用

调制度测量轮廓术(MMP)是将物体的高度信息编码在投影到待测物面上的正弦条纹的调制度信息中,可以实现对物体的垂直测量,特别适合测量表面有高度剧烈变化或不连续区域的物体。探讨了基于傅里叶变换的调制度测量轮廓术在复杂面形测量中的应用,提出了调制度焦深的概念并详细分析了调制度焦深对测量的影响,以调制度焦深为基础从测量系统设计的角度提出了提高测量精度的具体措施,给出了实验系统设计方案,讨论了影响测量精度的几个实际问题及解决方案。对复杂面形和深孔物体的实测结果表明,基于傅里叶变换的调制度测量轮廓术测量复杂面形物体可以达到较高的测量精度。     

基于条纹投影的振动扬声器形变测量

动态傅里叶变换轮廓术是将结构光投影和傅里叶变换理论相结合的三维面形测量技术,它只需一帧变形条纹就可以恢复物体的三维面形,且速度快、精度高、易于实现,被广泛应用于各领域的动态三维测量。利用动态傅里叶变换轮廓术对扬声器在给定激励源频率下的振动过程进行动态测量,得到扬声器纸盆不同频率振动的三维面形数据。结合扬声器发声的机理,通过对振动扬声器三维面形数据的处理和分析,得到扬声器纸盆局部任意时刻的形变量,分析了产生纸盆自身形变量可能的原因,探究了纸盆振动对扬声器性能的影响,为扬声器的设计和改进提供依据。     

三维面形测量技术的新进展

三维面形测量是获取物质形态特征的一种重要手段，也是记录，比较，复制物体形态特征 的基础，三维面形测量技术在机器视觉，自动加工，工业检测，产品质量控制，实物仿形，生物和医学等领域具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景。     

基于光栅投影的轮廓测量改进方法

传统傅里叶变换轮廓方法(FTP)在测量表面突变的物体时,受物体高度变化所引起的非截断相位变化的影响,相位难以正确展开。利用双频光栅投影可以解决这一问题。在总结了传统测量方法与双频光栅测量方法的基础上,提出采用彩色复合光栅投影的测量方法。该方法只需一次采集,就能消除图像背景分量与高次分量对测量的影响,在扩大测量范围的同时可达到双频技术测量突变效果。最后,对3种方法的实际测量结果作了对比分析,证明彩色复合光栅投影方法得到的测量精度最高。     

利用颜色编码辅助计算绝对相位的傅里叶轮廓术

针对传统去卷积算法时间需求的弊端,提出一种新的使用颜色编码辅助的绝对相位并行计算方法。该算法采用对光栅数目需求最少的傅里叶变换轮廓术（FTP）做为卷积相位求取的方法;颜色编码光栅被用来标识轮廓的序数。直接使用FTP计算出的卷积相位以及从彩色光栅中获得的轮廓序数,即可方便求出当前像素的绝对相位值;同时只用一副图像标识轮廓序数也比其他轮廓序数标识方法简单。本方法由于使用绝对相位计算方法,局部相位误差不会扩展。实验结果也证明了此算法对于多个分离物体以及复杂物体的有效性。     

倾斜式测量系统的傅里叶变换轮廓术研究

在传统傅里叶变换轮廓术的研究基础上,本文提出了一种倾斜式测量系统的傅里叶变换轮廓术,该技术放宽了传统傅里叶变换轮廓术测量系统的三个约束条件:CCD成像系统的光轴不需要与参考平面垂直,即有一定的倾斜度;投射系统的出瞳和CCD成像系统的入瞳中心之间的连线不需要与参考平面平行;投射系统的光轴和CCD成像系统的光轴不在同一平面内,且不交于参考平面上一点. 并且通过严格的理论分析,推导出高度与相位之间的关系式,与传统傅里叶变换轮廓术相比较,在保证一定的测量精度的前提下,倾斜式测量系统具有更强的实用性和可操作性. 关键词： 傅里叶变换轮廓术 倾斜式 测量系统 相位     

Shifted-phase calibration for a 3-D shape measurement system based on orthogonal composite grating projection

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in orthogonal-composite-grating-based 3-D measurement method. For 3-D measurement systems based on orthogonal composite grating projection, spectrum overlapping causes phase of each deformed phase-shifting fringe changed differently, which violates the principle that the shifted phases between adjacent deformed fringes must be equivalent to 2π/3, and therefore results in phase measurement error. The proposed shifted-phase calibration method is based on that phase variation of each deformed fringe is independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three composite gratings are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes three phase-shifting gratings needed in phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Because the adjacent phase-shifting fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel have the phase difference of 2π/3, we can respectively calculate the reference plane's phases of three carrier channels by the phase algorithm of PMP method, and the shifted phases between them are obtained. When an object is measured, the shifted phases between deformed phase-shifting fringes can be calibrated. A new 3-D measurement mathematical model is set to reconstruct object. Our experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy almost one times.     

Dynamic 3-D shape measurement method based on FTP

In this paper, we propose a method for dynamic three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement based on Fourier transform profilometry. A sequence of dynamic deformed fringe images can be grabbed by a CCD camera and saved on a disk rapidly. By a Fourier transform, filtering and inverse Fourier transform, a sequence of phase-maps can be obtained. By unwrapping these phase maps in 3-D phase space, we can obtain the shape of the dynamic object at different times. In this paper we also propose the algorithm of a phase difference between two deformed fringes, and the 3-D phase unwrapping method based on the phase difference algorithm. The computer simulation and experiment results show that this method can efficiently deal with the dynamic 3-D shape measurement.     

Effect of the nonlinearity of CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy

In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and simple physical explanation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the theory and method proposed.     

光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述

主要用于散射物体的宏观轮廓测量的光学投影式轮廓测量技术可以分为两大类：直接三角法和相位测量法。直接三角法包括激光逐点扫描法、光切法和新近出现的二元编码图样投影法。相位测量法以测量投影到物体上的变形栅像的相位为基础，包括莫尔法、移相法、傅氏变换法等等。本文以基于相位测量和光栅投影法为重点综述了光学投影式轮廓测量技术的几种典型方法，讨论了它们的优缺点，并分析了研究热点和发展方向。     

Optical 3-D dynamic measurement system and its application to polymer membrane inflation tests

An optical surface measurement system, which is capable of measuring transient surface shape, has been developed by using a high-speed digital camera. The system is based on the grating projection and Fourier transform technique. A calibration procedure is developed to allow the system to generate Cartesian coordinates directly, which are with respect to a fixed coordinate system in 3-D space. The measurement accuracy (±50 μm) is defined and verified as the maximum error between measured values and the known values of standard objects both flat and curved. The camera and a grating projector are mounted into a portable sensor head to allow in situ measurements. In addition, external force or pressure signals can be correlated with each measurement through a device called the multi-channel data link. The system is capable of digitizing a 3-D curved surface into an array of points with known xyz coordinates at a sampling rate from 30 to 1000 Hz. As an application, the system is used to measure the transient surface shape during a polymer membrane inflation test. The measurement results along with the pressure information provide an approach to determine the material parameters used in different material models.     

Effect of the nonlinearity of the CCD in Fourier transform profilometry on spectrum overlapping and measurement accuracy

In Fourier transform profilometry (FTP), we must restrain spectrum overlapping caused by the nonlinearity of the charge coupled device (CCD) and increase the measurement accuracy of the object shape. Firstly, the causes of producing higher-order spectrum components and inducing spectrum overlapping are analysed theoretically, and a simple physical explanation and analytical deduction are given. Secondly, aiming to suppress spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy, the influence of spatial carrier frequency of projection grating on them is analysed. A method of increasing the spatial carrier frequency of projection grating to restrain or reduce the spectrum overlapping significantly is proposed. We then analyze the mechanism of how the spectrum overlapping is reduced. Finally, the simulation results and experimental measurements verify the correction of the proposed theory and method.