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1.
The electronic and geometric structures of formyl, acetyl, and benzoyl azides were studied and fragments of the potential
surfaces for the thermal Curtius rearrangement of these azides into the corresponding isocyanates were calculated by density
functional theory at the PBE/TZ2P level. Acyl azides adopt two stable, conformations syn and anti, with respect to the C-N bond. The syn conformers are more stable than their anti analogs. The activation energies of the syn-anti isomerization in the series under study are 9.4, 7.0, and 9.2 kcal mol−1, respectively, and the activation energies of the reverse reaction are 8.5, 6.1, and 2.5 kcal mol−1. The rearrangement of syn-acyl azides is a one-step process, in which elimination of N2 occurs synchronously with the rearrangement of atoms and bonds to form isocyanates. The activation energies of the rearrangements
of syn-HC(O)N3, syn-MeC(O)N3, and syn-PhC(O)N3 are 28.0, 32.9, and 34.5 kcal mol−1, respectively. The rearrangement of the anti conformers of the above-mentioned azides involves the formation of singlet acylnitrene. The activation energies of the latter
process are 34.6, 32.9, and 32.3 kcal mol−1, respectively. The activation energies of the rearrangement of acylnitrenes into isocyanates are 20.9, 18.9, and 13.6 kcal
mol−1, respectively. The energy characteristics of the process and the structural data for the starting compounds, final products,
and transition states provide evidence that the thermal Curtius rearrangement occurs predominantly by a concerted mechanism.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2200–2209, October, 2005. 相似文献
2.
Electrospray ionization (ESI) of the Lindqvist (n-Bu4N)2[M6O19] (M = Mo, W) polyoxometalates provides a straightforward entry for the generation of an assortment of oxo- and hydroxo anions
in the gas-phase. In particular, the series of oxo dianions of general formula [(MO3)
n
O]2− (n = 2–6; M = Mo, W), monoanions, namely [(MO3)
n
O]− (n = 1, 2) and [(MO3)
n
]− (n = 1, 2), and the hydroxo [(MO3)
n
(OH)]− (n = 1–6) species can be readily generated in the gas-phase upon varying the solvent composition as well as the ionisation conditions
(typically the Uc cone voltage). Complementary tandem mass experiments (collision induced dissociation and ion–molecule reactions) are also
used aimed to investigate the consecutive dissociation of these species and their intrinsic gas-phase reactivity towards methanol.
Special emphasis is paid to some of the key factors of these group 6 anions related to the gas-phase activation of methanol,
such as molecular composition, open vs closed shell electronic nature and cluster size. 相似文献
3.
Henrique M. Cezar Sylvio Canuto Kaline Coutinho 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2019,119(1):e25688
The solvent effect on the syn/anti population ratio of the mesityl oxide (MOx) was investigated using a new implementation of conformational bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods. It was observed by a previous theoretical work (Theor. Chem. Acc. (2012) 131:1214) that in gas-phase the MOx exists dominantly in syn-form and in aqueous solution in anti-form. The syn/anti free energy difference in the gas phase was used in the intramolecular parametrization and a rotational barrier of approximately 10 kcal mol−1 was found. Molecular systems with barriers of this order of magnitude have been studied by experimental techniques. However, they have not been discussed yet comparing CBMC and MD simulations. In this work, we show that the intramolecular geometrical information such as bond lengths, angles and torsional angles sampled with CBMC and MD methods are equivalent. Nonetheless, only the CBMC simulations sample appropriately the syn/anti population ratio. With the CBMC configurations in gas phase, it was obtained 95% in syn-form and 5% in anti-form regardless the initial conformation. An inversion of the population was found in water, 25% in syn-form and 75% in anti-form. Comparing the gas phase and in-water CBMC sampling, it was observed that the MOx spends typically approximately 110 successive MC cycles in anti-form and approximately 2300 in syn-form in gas phase. While it was much larger with explicit water, approximately 400 times more for anti-form and approximately 6 times more for syn-form. We argue that this strong stabilization of the anti-form in aqueous solution, does not come from the MOx-water hydrogen bonds interactions, because they are the same for both conformations. Instead, the stabilization comes from the dipole-dipole interaction caused by a larger dipole moment of the MOx in the anti-form, 7.2 D, than in the syn-form, 5.2 D. With the MD sampled configurations in both conditions, we observe that the syn/anti conformational change is a very rare event due to the rotational barrier, which is approximately 17 times larger than the thermal energy. Therefore, the MD sampling of the MOx is not appropriated because it is strongly dependent on the initial conformation even for large simulations with 150 ns up to 400 ns for the isolated solute and for solute–solvent systems. 相似文献
4.
Zhang G. Z. Kitamura T. Yoshida H. Kawai T. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2002,69(3):939-946
The simultaneous DSC-FTIR was used for the observation of crystallization and melting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)
and its blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA). The isothermal crystallization was
carried out under the condition of both α-form and γ-form crystallized competitively. The crystal growth rate of α -form and
γ -form were evaluated from the absorbance changes at 795 cm-1 (α -form, CH2 rocking) and 810 cm-1 (γ -form, CH2 rocking) obtained by the DSC-FTIR. The crystal growth rate of γ -form decreased at the same crystallization temperature in
the order of PVDF/syn-PMMA, PVDF/PEMA and PVDF/at-PMMA, which was corresponding to the order of interaction parameter. The mechanism of α -g transition of PVDF in the miscible
blends with at-PMMA, syn-PMMA and PEMA was evaluated from the relationship between the decrease of α -form and the increase of γ -form. The critical
crystallization temperature, at which the transformation from α -form to γ -form proceeded only in the solid state, shifted
to higher temperature side in the order of interaction parameter.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Ar and Kr matrix effect on the geometry and Cl–H stretching (ν
s
(Cl–H)) and librational (ν
l
(Cl–H)) frequencies of the hydrogen-bonded complex Cl–H···NH3 are simulated within the framework of polarizable continuum model with integral equation formalism (IEF-PCM) at B3LYP and
MP2 levels of theory with the basis set 6-311++G(2df,2pd). Within the framework of B3LYP and IEF-PCM, the simulated gas phase,
Ar, and Kr matrix ν
s
(Cl–H) of the complex are 2140, 1684, and 1550 cm−1, respectively, which deviate from the experimental values (~2200, 1371, and 1218 cm−1) by −60, 313, and 332 cm−1. Within the framework of MP2 and IEF-PCM, the gas phase, Ar, and Kr matrix ν
s
(Cl–H) are calculated as 2366, 2037, and 1957 cm−1 by the harmonic approximation, and as 2177, 1876, and 1665 cm−1 by the full-dimensional anharmonic correction. The matrix effect modeling is of greater importance than the anharmonic correction
in accounting for the large experimental gas phase to Ar or Kr matrix shift of the ν
s
(Cl–H) (−829 or −982 cm−1). Our calculations do not support the assignment of the 733.8 and 736.9 cm−1 bands to the Ar and Kr matrix ν
l
(Cl–H). 相似文献
6.
Patel II Trevisan J Singh PB Nicholson CM Krishnan RK Matanhelia SS Martin FL 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(3):969-982
Vibrational spectroscopy techniques can be applied to identify a susceptibility-to-adenocarcinoma biochemical signature. A
sevenfold difference in incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) remains apparent amongst populations of low- (e.g. India)
compared with high-risk (e.g. UK) regions, with migrant studies implicating environmental and/or lifestyle/dietary causative
factors. This study set out to determine the biospectroscopy-derived spectral differences between risk-associated cohorts
to CaP. Benign prostate tissues were obtained using transurethral resection from high-risk (n = 11, UK) and low-risk (n = 14, India) cohorts. Samples were analysed using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
FTIR microspectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. Spectra were subsequently processed within the biochemical cell region
(1,800−1–500 cm–1) employing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to determine whether wavenumber–absorbance/intensity
relationships might reveal biochemical differences associated with region-specific susceptibility to CaP. PCA-LDA scores and
corresponding cluster vector plots identified pivotal segregating biomarkers as 1,582 cm−1 (Amide I/II trough); 1,551 cm−1 (Amide II); 1,667 cm−1 (Amide I); 1,080 cm−1 (DNA/RNA); 1,541 cm−1 (Amide II); 1,468 cm−1 (protein); 1,232 cm−1 (DNA); 1,003 cm−1 (phenylalanine); 1,632 cm−1 [right-hand side (RHS) Amide I] for glandular epithelium (P < 0.0001) and 1,663 cm−1 (Amide I); 1,624 cm−1 (RHS Amide I); 1,126 cm−1 (RNA); 1,761, 1,782, 1,497 cm−1 (RHS Amide II); 1,003 cm−1 (phenylalanine); and 1,624 cm−1 (RHS Amide I) for adjacent stroma (P < 0.0001). Primarily protein secondary structure variations were biomolecular markers responsible for cohort segregation
with DNA alterations exclusively located in the glandular epithelial layers. These biochemical differences may lend vital
insights into the aetiology of CaP. 相似文献
7.
Two new neodymium complexes, [Nd2(abglyH)6(2,2′-bipy)2(H2O)2] · 4H2O 1 and {[Nd(abglyH)3(H2O)2] · (4,4′-bipy) · 7H2O}n
2 (abglyH2 = N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), have been synthesized and
their structures have been measured by X-ray crystallography. In 1, nine-coordinated Nd(III) ions are bridged by two syn–syn bidentate and two tridentate bridging carboxylate groups from four different abglyH− anions to form dinuclear motifs, which are further connected into a 3-D supramolecular framework via hydrogen bonds between
the binuclear motifs and the uncoordinated water molecules. In 2, eight-coordinated Nd(III) ions are linked by six carboxylate groups adopting a syn–syn bidentate bridging fashion to form a 1-D inorganic–organic alternating linear chain. These polymeric chains generate microchannels
extending along the a direction, and these cavities are occupied by discrete tetradecameric water clusters, which interact with their surroundings
and finally furnish the 3-D supramolecular network via hydrogen bonds. At the same time, π–π stacking interactions between
benzene rings from abglyH− anions also play an important role in stabilizing the network. 相似文献
8.
Zal U’yun Wan Mahmood Che Abd Rahim Mohamed Mei Wo Yii Zaharudin Ahmad Kamaruzzaman Ishak Abdul Kadir Ishak 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(1):107-113
Inventories and fluxes of 210Pb, 228Ra and 226Ra were determined in sediment cores collected at nine stations covering of the southern South China Sea and Malacca Straits
with the thickness of water column between 42 and 83 m depth. The inventories of 210Pb, 228Ra and 226Ra were calculated range from 0.15–2.55 Bq cm−2, 0.05–0.40 Bq cm−2 and 6.83–83.63 Bq cm−2, meanwhile the fluxes ranged from 0.005–0.079 Bq cm−2 yr−1, 0.009–0.048 Bq cm−2 yr−1 and 0.003–0.037 Bq cm−2 yr−1, respectively. The results show that the highest inventories and fluxes for 210Pb, 228Ra and 226Ra were found at station WC 01 and EC 05. Because there are additional sources of 210Pb, 228Ra and 226Ra, where water transport will brings more dissolved isotopes, influence of the transportation and deposition of suspended
particles, fast rate of regeneration and greater production of those radionuclides and others. 相似文献
9.
A rapid, sensitive and environmentally friendly method for the analysis of 14 anilines in water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid
microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) was developed and optimized. In the proposed method, cyclohexane was used as the extraction solvent as its toxicity
was much lower than that of the solvent usually used in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). In the optimized
conditions, the method exhibited good analytical performance. Based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, limits of detection for
anilines were in the range of 0.07 to 0.29 μg L−1, and the linear range was 0.5–200 μg L−1 with regression coefficients (r
2) higher than 0.9977. It was efficient for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anilines in water samples. The relative
standard deviations varied from 2.9 to 8.6 % depending on different compounds indicating good precision. Tap water and river
water were selected for evaluating the application to real water samples. The relative recoveries of anilines for the two
real samples spiked with 10 μg L−1 anilines were in the scope of 78.2–114.6 % and 77.3–115.6 %, respectively. 相似文献
10.
A hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential is used in Monte Carlo simulations to examine the solvent
effects on the electronic excitation energy for the n→π* transition of pyrimidine in aqueous solution. In the present study,
the pyrimidine molecule is described by the semi-empirical AM1 model, while the solvent molecules are treated classically.
Two sets of calculations are performed: the first involves the use of the pairwise three-point charge TIP3P model for water,
and the second computation employs a polarizable many-body potential for the solvent. The latter calculation takes into account
the effect of solvent polarization following the solute electronic excitation, and makes a correction to the energies determined
using pairwise potentials, which neglects such fast polarization effects and overestimates the solute-solvent interactions
on the Franck-Condon excited states. Our simulation studies of pyrimidine in water indicate that the solvent charge redistribution
following the solute electronic excitation makes modest corrections (about −130␣cm−1) to the energy predicted by using pairwise potentials. Specific hydrogen bonding interactions between pyrimidine and water
are important for the prediction of solvatochromic shifts for pyrimidine. The computed n→π* blue shift is 2275±110 cm−1, which may be compared with the experimental value (2700 cm−1) from isooctane to water.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Accepted: 21 February 1997 相似文献
11.
L. S. Khaikin O. E. Grikina B. V. Lokshin K. P. Dyugaev A. M. Astakhov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2008,57(3):499-505
The IR (4000–50 cm−1) and Raman (3500–170 cm−1) spectra of solid 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-nitroguanidine (TMNG) were obtained. The spectra were interpreted using the scaling
of the TMNG quantum-chemical force field in the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) approximation. Transferable scale factors necessary for
the interpretation of spectra of more complex related compounds were determined. The scaled harmonic force field is supposed
to be used in the analysis of the available gas-phase electron diffraction data for TMNG.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 495–498, March, 2008. 相似文献
12.
Jiawei Zhang Xiaobin Huang Hao Wei Jianwei Fu Yawen Huang Xiaozhen Tang 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2012,16(1):101-107
Solid composite polymer electrolytes consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), LiClO4, and porous inorganic–organic hybrid poly (cyclotriphosphazene-co-4, 4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotubes were prepared using the solvent casting method. Differential scanning calorimetry
and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the characteristics of the composite polymer electrolytes. The ionic
conductivity, lithium ion transference number, and electrochemical stability window can be enhanced after the addition of
PZS nanotubes. The electrochemical impedance showed that the conductivity was improved significantly. Maximum ionic conductivity
values of 1.5 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and 7.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C were obtained with 10 wt.% content of PZS nanotubes, and the lithium ion transference number was 0.35. The good
electrochemical properties of the solid-state composite polymer electrolytes suggested that the porous inorganic–organic hybrid
polyphosphazene nanotubes had a promising use as fillers in SPEs and the PEO10–LiClO4–PZS nanotube solid composite polymer electrolyte might be used as a candidate material for lithium polymer batteries. 相似文献
13.
Marta Pedrouzo Francesc Borrull Rosa Maria Marcé Eva Pocurull 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(7):2833-2839
Stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE) with liquid desorption (LD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray
ionization triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–(ESI)MS–MS) were used for analysis of six personal care products
in environmental water: four UV filters (2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, benzophenone-3, octocrylene, and octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid) and two antimicrobial agents (triclocarban and triclosan). Experimental conditions that affect SBSE-LD
sorption efficiency (extraction time and temperature, sample pH, and ionic strength) and desorption efficiency (solvent, temperature,
and time) were optimized. The method proved to be sensitive—a 50-mL sample was used to determine these compounds in environmental
waters at trace levels. The detection limits of the analytical method were 2.5 ng L−1 for river water and 5–10 ng L−1 for effluent and influent sewage water. In river waters, benzophenone-3 was found at levels from 6 ng L−1 to 28 ng L−1 and triclosan at levels <LOQ. Benzophenone-3 was found between 75 and 127 ng L−1 in influent sewage, whereas concentrations of benzophenone-3 and triclosan were commonly below 25 ng L−1 in effluent sewage. 相似文献
14.
Near-infrared and mid-infrared spectra of three tellurite minerals have been investigated. The structures and spectral properties
of copper bearing xocomecatlite and tlapallite are compared with an iron bearing rodalquilarite mineral. Two prominent bands
observed at 9,855 and 9,015 cm−1 are assigned to 2B1g → 2B2g and 2B1g → 2A1g transitions of Cu2+ ion in xocomecatlite. The cause of spectral distortion is the result of many cations of Ca, Pb, Cu and Zn in the tlapallite
mineral structure. Rodalquilarite is characterised by ferric ion absorption in the range 12,300–8,800 cm−1. Three water vibrational overtones are observed in xocomecatlite at 7,140, 7,075 and 6,935 cm−1 whereas in tlapallite bands are shifted to lower wavenumbers at 7,135, 7,080 and 6,830 cm−1. The complexity of rodalquilarite spectrum increases with the number of overlapping bands in the near-infrared. The observation
of intense absorption feature near 7,200 cm−1 confirms hydrogen bonding water molecules in xocomecatlite. Weak bands observed near 6,375 and 6,130 cm−1 in tellurites are attributed to the hydrogen bonding between (TeO3)2− and H2O. A number of overlapping bands at low wave numbers 4,800–4,000 cm−1 are caused by combinational modes of tellurite ion. (TeO3)2− stretching vibrations are characterised by three main absorptions at ~1,070, 780 and 665 cm−1.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
16.
Razika Brahimi Mohamed Trari Aïssa Bouguelia Yassine Bessekhouad 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(7):1333-1338
The delafossite CuAlO2 single crystal, prepared by the flux method, is a low mobility p-type semiconductor with a hole mobility of 1.2 × 10−5 cm−2 V−1 s−1. The chronoamperometry showed an electrochemical O2− insertion with a diffusion coefficient D
303K of 3.3 × 10−18 cm2 s−1. The thermal variation of D in the range 293–353 K gave an enthalpy of diffusion (ΔH) of 44.7 kJ mol−1. CuAlO2 is photoactive, and the Mott–Schottky plot indicates a flat band potential of +0.42 V vs saturated calomel electrode and
a holes density (N
A) of 1016 cm−3. The photocurrent spectra have been analyzed by using the Gartner model from which the absorption coefficients and diffusion
lengths were determined. An optical transition at 1.66 eV, indirectly allowed, has been obtained. The spectral photoresponse
provides a high absorption at 480 nm. The low quantum yield (η) is attributed to a small depletion length (440 nm) and a hole diffusion width (271 nm) compared to a very large penetration
depth (12 μm). 相似文献
17.
Parimal Gaikwad A. Barik K. I. Priyadarsini B. S. M. Rao 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2010,36(9):1065-1072
Studies on the antioxidant activity of two model phenols containing either an electron withdrawing (p-nitrophenol) or electron donating (p-aminophenol) group and p-hydroxyacetophenone in different solvents are reported using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay by spectrophotometry
and stopped-flow techniques. The second-order rate constants measured with p-nitrophenol were found to be (1.2–5.5) × 10−2 dm3 mol−1 s−1 but the DPPH radical reacts much faster with p-aminophenol (k = 0.5–1.1 × 104 dm3 mol−1 s−1). The normal kinetic solvent effect in H atom transfer was seen in the case of p-nitrophenol with the solvent independent rate constant k
o = 0.1 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The IC50 values in p-nitrophenol are similar to those measured in p-hydroxyacetophenone. On the other hand, much lower IC50 values of more than four orders of magnitude with p-aminophenol were observed. This work demonstrates that the phenol with the electron donating –NH2 substituent is a better antioxidant. 相似文献
18.
Y. S. Murillo L. Giraldo J. C. Moreno-Piraján 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2011,104(2):555-559
A way to calculate the enthalpic contributions of each component of the mixture of activated carbon and water to the immersion
enthalpy using the concepts of the solution enthalpies is presented. By determining the immersion enthalpies of a microporous
activated carbon in water, with values that are between –18.97 and −27.21 Jg−1, from these and the mass ratio of activated carbon and water, differential enthalpies for the activated carbon,
ΔHDIFacH_{{\rm DIF}_{\rm ac}} and water, ΔHDIFwH_{{\rm DIF}_{\rm w}} are calculated, and values between –15.95 and –26.81 Jg−1 and between –19.14 and –42.45 Jg−1, respectively are obtained. For low ratios of the mixture, the components’ contributions to the immersion enthalpy of activated
carbon and water differ by 3.20 Jg−1. 相似文献
19.
Mohammad W. Kadi M. S. El-Shahawi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,289(2):345-351
A simple, fast, low cost, and precise direct β-correction spectrophotometric method was developed for thorium determination in water. The method is based on the reaction
of Th(IV) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) in aqueous solution of pH 5–6 and measuring the absorbance of the resulting
red-colored complex at λmax 497 nm. The effective molar absorptivity of the Th(IV)-PAR complex was 2.52 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. Beer’s law and Ringbom plots were obeyed in the concentration range 0.04–2.0 and 0.07–1.2 μg mL−1 of thorium ions using β-correction spectrophotometry, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification of Th(IV)
were 0.02 and 0.066 μg mL−1, respectively. The developed method was applied for the analysis of thorium in certified reference material (IAEA-soil-7), tap-, underground- and Red-sea water samples. The validation of the method was also tested by comparison with data obtained
by ICP-MS. The method is convenient, less sensitive to common interfering species and less laborious than most of published
methods. The statistical treatment of data in terms of Student t-tests and variance ratio f-tests has revealed no significance differences. The structure of the Th(IV)-PAR complex was determined with the aid of spectroscopic
measurements (UV–Visible and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). 相似文献
20.
Chunxia Wu Huimin Liu Weihua Liu Qiuhua Wu Chun Wang Zhi Wang 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(6):2543-2549
A simple dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet coupled with high-performance
liquid chromatography–diode array detection was developed for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPs)
in water samples. In this method, the extraction solvent used is of low density, low toxicity, and proper melting point near
room temperature. The extractant droplet could be collected easily by solidifying it in the lower temperature. Some important
experimental parameters that affect the extraction efficiencies were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration
curve was linear in the concentration range from 1 to 200 ng mL−1 for the five OPs (triazophos, parathion, diazinon, phoxim, and parathion-methyl), with the correlation coefficients (r) varying from 0.9991 to 0.9998. High enrichment factors were achieved ranging from 215 to 557. The limits of detection were
in the range between 0.1 and 0.3 ng mL−1. The recoveries of the target analytes from water samples at spiking levels of 5.0 and 50.0 ng mL−1 were 82.2–98.8% and 83.6–104.0%, respectively. The relative standard deviations fell in the range of 4.4% to 6.3%. The method
was suitable for the determination of the OPs in real water samples. 相似文献