异质富勒烯C58BN的结构与光谱研究

用AM1、MNDO和INDO半经验方法研究了异质富勒烯C₅₈BN各异构体的结构、稳定性和电子光谱.所有这些半经验方法给出了相似的稳定性顺序.结果表明,在6-6位置取代的异构体是最稳定的,异构体的稳定性随杂原子间距离的增加而降低;与C₆₀相比,硼氮杂富勒烯C₅₈BN具有较低的前线轨道能级差、较小的电离势和较低的稳定化能.C₅₈BN很可能具有与C₆₀分子相似的反应活性,易发生亲核反应,但比C₆₀更易失去电子形成正离子.以AM₁优化构型为基础,利用INDO/CIS方法计算了各异构体的电子光谱.     

C70O2可能异构体的结构和电子光谱的理论研究

用AM1、PM3及INDO系列方法研究了C₇₀O₂可能异构体的结构和稳定性.在C₇₀O稳定构型的基础上,考察了C₇₀O₂的45种异构体.结果表明,两个O原子加在碳球极端处同一个六元环内不等价的6/6键上形成环氧结构的构型最稳定.在优化构型的基础上,进行电子光谱计算,并与C₇₀和C₇₀O进行了比较.     

C50(D5h)衍生物-异质富勒烯C48P2的分子行为理论研究

用半经验的AM1和MNDO方法以及密度泛函B3LYP/3-21G方法对C₅₀(D_5h)的衍生物C₄₈P₂的所有可能的异构体进行了系统的理论研究. 优化了稳定构型, 计算了生成热、HOMO-LUMO能级差、NICS值、红外光谱及电子光谱, 并与C₄₈X₂(X=B, N)的分子行为进行了比较. 计算结果表明: (1) C₄₈P₂的最稳定异构体是异构体C₄₈P₂-78, 该异构体对应于赤道位置六元环内的1,4-取代产物; (2) 决定C₄₈P₂异构体稳定性的主要因素是碳笼的张力, 而稳定性和芳香性之间没有明显的相关性; (3) 相对较稳定的C₄₈P₂异构体的HOMO-LUMO能级差比C₅₀的HOMO-LUMO能级差大; (4) 计算出的红外光谱以及电子光谱可以供实验参考; 计算出的NICS 值也可以用来表征C₄₈P₂各异构体. (5) C₄₈P₂与C₄₈X₂(X=B, N)具有相同的取代选择性规律及稳定性决定因素, 并且相对较稳定的异构体均具有比C₅₀本体大的HOMO-LUMO能级差.     

富勒烯C60硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的理论研究

利用半经验AM1法研究了富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物和富勒烯C₆₀键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的几何构型,电子结构.计算结果显示,富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)平面与C₆₀发生作用,使其弯曲的程度比富勒烯C₆₀键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物的大,从而形成一种独特的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)平面半包裹C₆₀的空间构型的D-A体系.这很可能是由于C-S单键的灵活性造成的.而且它们的HOMO轨道主要分布在四硫富瓦烯(TTF)部分,而LUMO轨道则主要分布在C₆₀上.预测了富勒烯C₆₀硫桥键联四硫富瓦烯衍生物很有可能在激发态下产生更长寿命的电荷分离态.     

2D氮化碳:通过调节非金属硼掺杂C3N5阐明宽酸性及碱性pH范围的光催化析氢的反应机理(英文)

太阳能驱动水裂解产氢是一种绿色能源技术,用于制备可再生和零碳排放燃料以实现可持续能源生产.近期,氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)同素异形体C₃N₅的出现克服了g-C₃N₄的固有缺点,如光生载流子快速复合和可见光吸收差,而导致极低的光催化效率.本文将硼掺杂剂通过原子替换或间隙掺杂的方式引入到C₃N₅体系中,并利用密度泛函理论对纯C₃N₅和硼掺杂C₃N₅体系进行计算,考察了硼原子对C₃N₅电子和光学性能的影响以及其催化析氢反应(HER)机理.热力学计算结果表明,硼原子掺杂在C₃N₅体系中是可行且有利的.在N3位氮原子被硼原子取代(B_N3-C₃N₅)后,带隙(0.6 e V)变窄.与纯C     

C60富勒烯-哌啶硫代荒酸酯稠合体的合成与三线态特征

C₆₀富勒烯与2-(哌啶-硫代荒酸酯)-1,3-丁二烯通过Diels-Alder环加成反应得到C₆₀富勒烯-哌啶硫代荒酸酯稠合体,运用现代波谱技术等确定了产物结构;用半经验方法PM3和AM1计算预测环加成反应性和C₆₀富勒烯-哌啶硫代荒酸酯稠合体的性能.激光光解时间分辨技术初步探究了单加成的C₆₀富勒烯-哌啶硫代荒酸酯稠合体(C₆₀-PX)三线态特征以及与四-(2-噻吩基)-四硫富瓦烯(TT-TTF)分子间的光诱导电子转移反应.     

芘基丁酸改性锆-镁复合氧化物HPLC固定相的制备及其在分离富勒烯中的应用

制备了用于分离C₆₀和C₇₀的芘基丁酸改性锆-镁复合氧化物高效液相色谱固定相,并对其进行了表征;考察了流动相中甲苯含量、柱温和进样量对C₆₀和C₇₀分离的影响.结果表明,芘基丁酸改性锆-镁复合氧化物固定相对富勒烯有较强的保留,并对富勒烯表现出较强的分离能力,具有制备分离富勒烯的潜力.     

两种C60双氰衍生物的结构、光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

用INDO/2和INDO/SCI方法计算了C₆₀(C≡N)₂和C₆₀C(C≡N)₂基态电子结构和电子光谱,所得结果与实验值基本一致.在此基础上,用ZINDO-SOS方法计算了两个分子的二阶非线性光学系数β_ijk和β_μ,并对其结果进行了分析和讨论.结果表明,乙氰基与C₆₀相连的两种碳笼衍生物都有大的非线性光学系数,C₆₀C(C≡N)₂是有希望的非线性光学材料.     

探索碳笼分子家族:富勒烯的结构模型构建策略*

以发现C₆₀球笼结构的史实阐述结构模型的制作对探索物质结构奥秘的重要性。以科学家对富勒烯形成机制的探索佐证多角度构建结构模型的合理性,举例介绍搭建C₆₀球棍模型3种方法的操作步骤。探讨一组有结构关联性C_60+10n碳笼分子结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建代表分子C₇₀,C₈₀球棍模型的操作步骤。探讨一组有高度对称性的富勒烯结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建大直径、高对称富勒烯C₇₂₀球棍模型的操作步骤。结合《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》和教学实践探讨结构模型构建在化学教学中的作用,为富勒烯结构模型的自主构建教学提供范例。     

富勒烯C36及其衍生物C36H2n的量子化学研究

应用密度泛函B₃LYP方法和从头算(abinitio)HF方法,在3-21G理论水平上,对具有C_2v,D_2d,D_3h和D_6h对称性的四种C₃₆异构体以及在保持D_2d,D_3h和D_6h对称性条件下形成的不同氢化物进行了量子化学计算,研究了它们在不同量子态时的分子几何构型和电子结构.结果表明,电子相关效应在C₃₆簇化合物的电子结构中起着重要作用.它们最稳定的结构是C₃₆的³A_2u量子态D_6h异构体,而C₃₆的氢化物是在D_3h异构体的C₂位置等同碳原子上形成的¹A_1'量子态氢化物C₃₆H₁₂.     

Super-valence phenomenon of carbon atoms in C20 molecule

Fourteen structures of C₂₀ are studied at DFT/B3LYP/6-31G* theoretical level. Except ring, bowl, cage and isomer 1 which have been studied before, other isomers have not been reported so far. Calculated results show that the ring has the lowest energy at this level and isomers 1, 2, 3 and 4 have lower energies than that of cage. Analyses of optimized bond lengths, electronic structure indicate that some carbon atoms express super-valence property. In addition, NICS value is consistent with molecular orbital character in denoting aromaticity of C₂₀ molecule. Delocalization character averts influence of curvature strain, which can well explain the stability of the cage.     

Theoretical studies on the BN substituted fullerenes C70−2x(BN)x (x=1–3)—isoelectronic equivalents of C70

The equilibrium structures and relative stabilities of BN-doped fullerenes C_70−2x(BN)_x (x=1–3) have been studied at the AM1 and MNDO level. The most stable isomers of C_70−2x(BN)_x have been found out and their electronic properties have been predicted. The calculation results show that the BN substituted fullerenes C_70−2x(BN)_x have considerable stabilities, though they are less stable than their all carbon analog. For C₆₈BN, the isomers whose BN is located in the most chemically active bonds of C₇₀ (namely B and A) are among the most stable species, of which B is predicted to be the ground state. The stabilities of C₆₈BN decrease and the dipole moments increase with increasing the distance between the heteroatoms. For C₆₆(BN)₂, the lowest energy species is the isomer in which the B–N–B–N bond is formed; For C₆₄(BN)₃, the most stable species should have three BN units located in the same hexagon to form B–N–B–N–B–N ring. The ionization potentials and the affinity energies of the most stable species of BN-doped C₇₀ are almost the same as those of C₇₀ because of the isoelectronic relationship. The ionization potentials and affinity energies depend on the relative position of the heteroatoms in C₆₈BN, the chemical reactivities of the isomers whose heteroatoms are well separated should differ significantly from their all carbon analog.     

Gas-phase synthesis and the structural and electronic properties of C60S studied by mass spectrometry and molecular orbital calculation

C₆₀S⁺ was synthesized through the gas-phase ion-molecule reaction of C₆₀ with the plasmas of carbon disulfide under self-chemical-ionization (self-CI) conditions in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. Semi-empirical PM3-UHF and density functional B3LYP levels of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set calculations were performed on all the possible structures and electronic properties of the product. The results showed that the most stable structure among the possible isomers was the 6/6 closed derivative. The reaction energies of C₆₀+S⁺→C₆₀S⁺ and C₆₀+S→C₆₀S were also calculated to suggest the possibility of C₆₀S synthesis in condensed phase.     

Size Dependence of Electronic Excitation Energy in Linear C2nH and C2n－1N

The geometries, bondings, and vibrational frequencies of C2nH (n = 3—9) and C2n-1N(n= 3—9) were in-vestigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). The vertical excitation energies for the X^2Ⅱ→^2Ⅱ transitions of C2nH(n= 3—9) and for the X2∑→^2Ⅱ and the X^2Ⅱ→^2Ⅱ transitions of C2n-1N (n= 3—9) have been calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT) approach. On the basis of present calculations, the explicit expression for the wavelengths of the excitation energies in linear carbon chains is suggested, namely, λ0 = [1240. 6A/(2 √-3n 6 - √-3n 3）] (1 — Be^Cn), where A = 3. 24463, B =0. 90742, and C=0. 07862 for C2nH, and A=2. 94714, B=0. 83929, and C=0. 08539 for C2n-1N. In consid-eration of a comparison of the theory with the experiment, both the expressions are modified as λ1 = 0. 92 (λ0 100) and λ1 =0. 95(λ0-90) for C2nH and C2n-1N, respectively.     

Electronic and magnetic properties of all 3d transition‐metal‐doped ZnO monolayers

Stable geometries, electronic structures, and magnetic properties of the ZnO monolayer doped with 3d transition‐metal (TM) (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) atoms substituting the cation Zn have been investigated using first‐principles pseudopotential plane wave method within density functional theory (DFT). It is found that these nine atomic species can be effectively doped in the ZnO monolayer with formation energies ranging from ?6.319 to ?0.132 eV. Furthermore, electronic structures and magnetic properties of ZnO monolayer can be modified by such doping. The results show that the doping of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu atoms can induce magnetization, while no magnetism is observed when Sc, Ti, and V atoms are doped into the ZnO monolayer. The magnetic moment is mainly due to the strong p–d mixing of O and TM (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) orbitals. These results are potentially useful for spintronic applications and the development of magnetic nanostructures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Electronic structures of dihedral (D5h, D5d, D6h, D6d) fullerenes

By means of our proposed method for Hückel theory calculation, we have calculated the electronic structures of dihedral (D_5h, D_5d, D_6h, D_6d) fullerences, which are generated from icosahedral C₂₀, C₆₀, C₈₀, C₁₈₀, C₂₄₀ and C₅₄₀, respectively. From the calculated results of 1224 fullerence molecules, certain rules on the stability and chemical reactivity have been drawn for such types of dihedral fullerenes.     

Theoretical study of the geometric and electronic structure of neutral and anionic doped silver clusters, Ag5X with X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni

Density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to investigate the low-lying electronic states of neutral and anionic transition metal doped silver clusters Ag₅X^0,− with X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni using the B3LYP functional with the Stuttgart SDD basis sets. The structural features, frontier orbital energy gaps (HOMO and LUMO), vertical detachment energies, and vertical and adiabatic electronic affinities are evaluated. For all doped silver clusters, both in neutral and anionic states, two-dimensional and three-dimensional low-energy isomers are found to coexist. For neutral clusters, dopant Sc, Ti, V, and Mn atoms largely decrease the frontier orbital energy gaps, while they are markedly increased by Sc and Fe atoms in the anionic clusters. A completely quenched dopant magnetic moment is found in Ag₅Sc, while high spin magnetic moments are located on the other dopant atoms in Ag₅X^0,−.     

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of bis(bis(μ2-2-aminoethanolato–N,O,O)–cobalt(III))–cobalt(II) hydrate, tris(biscyclohexylammonium)μ-hydroxo–bis(μ2-nitro–N,O)–hexanitro–dicobaltate(III) and biscyclohexylammonium nitrate(III)

Two new cobalt complexes: Co₃(NO₂)₄(NH₂CH₂CH₂O)₄·H₂O (1) and (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)₃[Co₂(NO₂)₈OH]·3H₂O (2) and the compound (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)NO₂ (3) were synthesised and their structures have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consists of two centrosymmetrical trinuclear complexes and a water molecule of crystallization. Ligands coordinated to Co atoms are nitro and aminoethanolato groups. Structure 2 is built up of biscyclohexylammonium cations, dinuclear anions with hydroxo and nitro groups coordinated to Co atoms and water molecules. The coordination of Co atoms in both structures is roughly octahedral.     

六核钽铑二元混合簇合物的几何和电子结构

采用密度泛函理论对六核钽、铑八面体纯簇及其混合簇的几何结构和电子性质进行了研究.计算结果表明:大部分钽铑混合簇稳定构型的对称性均较低,为C1或Cs点群,只有[Ta2Rh4Cl4H8(CN)6]4-团簇的稳定构型对称性较高,为C2h或C4v点群;混合簇的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能隙(ΔEH-L)均较小,介于0.52-1.00eV之间;混合簇的前线轨道主要由骨架金属原子的d电子贡献,随着Rh原子替代Ta原子个数的递增,Ta—Rh键对混合簇稳定构型所起作用逐渐增加,Ta—Ta键所起作用减小,而Rh—Rh键为非键或反键性质.