Tightly focusing of linearly polarized vortex beams through a dielectric interface

Based on vectorial Debye theory, the tightly focusing properties of linearly polarized vortex beams through a dielectric interface are studied. Then the intensity distribution in the focal region is investigated in detail by numerical calculations. The focal shifts induced by the mismatch of the refractive indices across the interface has been found. And the dependence of focal shifts and spot size of the focused field on the probe depth and numerical aperture of the objective are presented. Furthermore, the characteristic of intensity pattern of the cross section of the focused field is illustrated, finding that the intensity pattern rotates with the propagation of beams.     

Depolarization of linearly polarized light by a polycrystalline specimen

One of the methods in use for measuring the kinetics of isothermal crystallization of polymers is the recording of the depolarization of plane-polarized light by a microscope specimen. A relation between this depolarization and the volume fraction crystallized has been derived taking into account the polycrystalline nature of the specimen and assuming uniaxially birefringent crystallites. Uniform, all-directional increase in size of the crystallites would cause the depolarization to follow an Avrami-type equation with the Avrami exponent one unit “too high.” For spherulitic growth the correct Avrami exponent is found on the assumption that the birefringent entities in the spherulites do not increase in size but only in number. The depolarization by a polycrystalline specimen of uniform particle size is proportional to both specimen thickness and particle size. The derived relations are tested by random number calculation and their limits of reliability are indicated accordingly.     

Coherent effects in multiple scattering of linearly polarized light

Comparing the stochastic Monte Carlo technique with the iteration procedure for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the framework of numerical simulation, the time correlation function and the interference component of the coherent backscattering of a linearly polarized light wave in a multiply scattering medium are calculated. The results of the simulation agree well with theoretical results obtained by generalizing the Milne solution, as well as with experimental data.     

Tight focusing properties of linearly polarized Gaussian beam with a pair of vortices

The properties of a pair of vortices embedded in a Gaussian beam focused by a high numerical-aperture are studied on the basis of vector Debye integral. The vortices move and rotate in the vicinity of the focal plane for a pair of vortices with equal topological charges. For incident beam with a pair of vortices with opposite topological charges, the vortices move toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane.     

Depolarization of backscattered linearly polarized light from ZnO thin film

The depolarization behavior of backscattered linearly polarized light from ZnO thin film was investigated experimentally. The results show that the characteristics are related to both the polarization orientation and wavelength of linearly polarized incident light. When the incident light is s-polarized, the depolarization behaviors are different for different wavelengths. When the incident light is p-polarized, the depolarization behaviors, on the contrary, are similar for different wavelengths. In addition, there is an optimal incident angle for depolarization of linearly polarized light with different wavelengths, which is equal to their effective Brewster angles, respectively.     

共振线极化光实现原子矢量磁力仪的理论研究

共振线偏振光激发原子张量磁矩,本文理论研究在矢量磁场和射频场的共同作用下,张量磁矩进动的模型,求解刘维尔方程获得透射光时域完整解析解,包括直流、一次和二次谐波分量.研究发现:当进动的拉比频率Ω1/(22~(1/2))时,两谐波间的干涉效应使直流分量和一次谐波对称成分的单吸收峰劈裂成双峰,裂距((Ω~2+Ω~4-Ω~2-1)~(3/2))~(1/2),一次谐波反对称成分在共振处产生干涉条纹.研究结果显示,谐波间的干涉也可导致直流分量和二次谐波线宽仅为一次谐波线宽的38%,且存在磁场取向临界点,在不同的取向区间分别利用直流及两谐波共振信号辨析磁场变化,可获得最佳测磁灵敏度;同时还可通过共振时直流分量及两谐波对称成分振幅来确定磁场与激光极化方向的夹角,利用两谐波反对称成分相移的差值来确定待测磁场在垂直光极化方向投影与射频场方向的夹角,进而实现结构简单的张量磁矩进动型矢量磁力仪.这种磁力仪适合构成磁力仪阵列,可用于磁定位、水下磁异常源的检测和地磁导航等领域.     

非相对论线偏振激光下的J×B加热

利用解析的方法研究了非相对论线偏振激光与等离子体相互作用中的J×B加热吸收机理,建立了一种包含两类有质动力效应在内的自洽理论.探讨了密度轮廓修正下的J×B加热机理,给出了相应的吸收系数随激光场强度变化的关系曲线.研究发现,当激光场强度A0=20时,J×B加热所导致的吸收系数fabs约为2.8%.     

Optical orientation by linearly polarized light in intersubband quantum-well transitions

The absorption of linearly polarized light in low-dimensional semiconductor structures is investigated. It is shown that the absorption under consideration can give rise to spin orientation of free carriers. A theory of this optical orientation by linearly polarized light is developed for resonant intersubband optical transitions in n-type quantum wells. It is demonstrated that, in the vicinity of the resonance, the optical orientation undergoes spectral inversion, namely, the electron spin orientation reverses sign with increasing frequency. This behavior can be accounted for by the spin-orbit subband splitting, which is linear in the wave vector, and by the energy and quasi-momentum conservation laws.     

Backscattering of linearly and circularly polarized light in randomly inhomogeneous media

The scattering of linearly or circularly polarized light from a semibounded randomly inhomogeneous medium is considered. A new technique for simulating the electromagnetic radiation transport using the Monte Carlo method is proposed, which makes it possible to avoid cumbersome calculation of Muller matrices. Expressions are obtained for the co- and cross-polarized components of backscattered light for incident light of arbitrary polarization. The coherent and incoherent backscattering components are calculated for arbitrary combinations of incident and scattered light polarizations. It is shown that the main contribution to coherent backscattering is from the co- and cross-polarized components for linearly and circularly polarized light, respectively. The backscattering from an optically active random medium is calculated.     

Visualization of scattering media upon backscattering of a linearly polarized nonmonochromatic light

The method of polarization visualization of multiply scattering macroinhomogeneous media, based on analysis of the spatial distributions of polarization characteristics of a linearly polarized radiation backscattered from a medium, is discussed. The effect of optical characteristics of the medium and the scattering geometry on the quality of the images obtained in the case of visualization of an absorbing heterogeneity immersed into a multiply scattering medium is considered. The comparative analysis of the quality of formed images was performed with the use of different polarization characteristics of the backscattered radiation as a visualization parameter. The theoretical interpretation of the obtained experimental results is given within the framework of the phenomenological approach based on the concept of the distribution of the effective optical paths of partial components of the scattered optical field. To calculate the probability density of the effective optical paths, the statistical simulation method was used.     

Time-resolved backscattering of circularly and linearly polarized light in a turbid medium

Time-resolved backscattering profiles of circularly and linearly polarized light were measured from a turbid medium composed of small and large polystyrene sphere particles in water. It is shown that, based on the measurements of the time-resolved backscattered copolarized and cross-polarized components of the incident polarized light, either linearly or circularly polarized light can be used to effectively image an object that is deep inside a turbid medium composed of small particles, depending on the depolarization properties of the object itself. For large particles such as in tissue, fog, and clouds, the experimentally observed polarization memory effect on the backscattering temporal profiles suggests that a significant improvement in the image contrast can be achieved by use of circularly polarized light.     

Tight focusing of linearly and circularly polarized vortex beams; effect of third-order spherical aberration

Tight focusing of linearly and circularly polarized vortex beams is studied in the presence of third-order spherical aberration, using vectorial Debye–Wolf integral. Results for total intensity distribution are presented for both polarizations. In addition, results for x-, y-, and z-polarization components are presented for the circularly polarized beam. Generation of longitudinal optical vortex in the tightly focused left circularly polarized beam has also been demonstrated by plotting its phase distribution. Compensation for the effect of spherical aberration has been studied in the presence of defocusing. Effect of aberration on the dark core of a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam is also investigated.     

Three-photon ionization of the potassium atom by linearly and circularly polarized light

The measurement and calculation results of the dependence of the three-photon ionization process of potassium atoms by linearly and circularly polarized light within the frequencies from 16300 to 16600 cm^-1 are presented. The experimental data do not confirm the predictions of perturbation theory on the existence of a window of nonlinear transparency for circularly polarized light.     

Micrometre double-quantum ionization of Rydberg hydrogen using linearly and circularly polarized light

The European Physical Journal D - We investigate the two-color two-photon K-shell ionization of neutral atoms based on the relativistic second-order perturbation theory and independent particle...     

Longitudinal conductivity in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene under irradiating of linearly polarized light

We study the effect of linearly polarized light on the band structure and longitudinal conductivity in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene. The linearly polarized light can induce a pair of additional points in ABC-stacked trilayer graphene, where conduct and valence bands touch. The locations of these points are determined by the amplitude of the light. Furthermore, the layer pseudospin polarization can be controlled by the light. When the Fermi energy locates at Dirac points, i.e., E_f=0, the longitudinal conductivity shows resonance phenomena when the light is present. Away from the Dirac points, the longitudinal conductivity is unchanged as varying E_f for weak light field at larger Fermi energy, and the amplitude of longitudinal conductivity can be controlled by tuning the light field amplitude. Moreover, the effect of linearly polarized light on resonance phenomena in k-cubic Rashba-Dresselhaus system under the irradiating of linearly polarized light is discussed.     

Ultimate degree of residual polarization of incoherently backscattered light for multiple scattering of linearly polarized light

By invoking ideas about the distribution of the optical paths of partial components of the scattered field, we obtain an expression for estimating the degree of residual polarization of light that is incoherently backscattered from a disordered multiply scattering semi-infinite medium illuminated by linearly polarized light. In the backscattering regime, the depolarization length of the linearly polarized light in the disordered medium becomes smaller with the passage from the isotropic to anisotropic scattering. Experiments with model media featuring substantially anisotropic scattering (the anisotropy parameter of 0.90 ≤ g ≤ 0.95) demonstrated that for backscattering of linearly polarized light, the depolarization length is close to the transport length of the scattering medium.     

线性偏振光激发的错位表面等离子体激元纳米结构聚焦

利用扫描近场光学显微镜观测并分析了两种表面等离子体激元纳米结构对表面等离子体激元(SPP)的激发和聚焦现象.用线偏振光照射有半个周期相位差的环状沟槽结构与有半个周期位相差的环状狭缝结构,得到了单点的SPP聚焦.有限时域差分法的模拟结果验证了实验中观测的现象.这两种相位错位的表面等离子体激元纳米结构,突破了由于干涉导致的线偏振光不能得到单个聚焦点的限制.与采用径向偏振光激发而得到单个聚焦点的方法相比,线偏振光不需要聚焦,也不需要将光束中心对准纳米结构的几何中心即可得到单点聚焦。     

Pure spin current from one-photon absorption of linearly polarized light in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors

We show that one-photon absorption of linearly polarized light should produce pure spin currents in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors, including even bulk GaAs. We present 14x14 k.p model calculations of the effect in GaAs, including strain, and pseudopotential calculations of the effect in wurtzite CdSe.