Effect of the electric field on “incommensurate-commensurate” magnetic phase transitions in BiFeO3-type multiferroics

The specific features of the “incommensurate-commensurate” phase transitions induced by a magnetic field in multiferroics (materials with coexisting magnetic and electric ordering) are considered. These materials are ferroelectromagnets, for example, bismuth ferrite BiFeO₃ and BiFeO₃-based compounds, which have spatially modulated spin structures. It is shown that the interaction between the electric and magnetic subsystems of the multiferroic material can lead to an electric-field-induced shift of the critical magnetic field corresponding to the transition from a spatially modulated state to a homogeneous antiferromagnetic state. According to the theoretical estimates obtained for material parameters characteristic of the bismuth ferrite, this shift is of the order of 0.5 T in an electric field of 50 kV/cm. The phase diagrams are constructed in the “electric field-magnetic field” coordinates. The results of calculations performed in the harmonic incommensurate structure approximation are compared with the exact soliton solution.     

AuCu3 型超导体SrPb3 中德哈斯-范阿尔芬振荡及非平庸拓扑能带

AuCu3 型超导体兼具非平庸的拓扑能带, 是近期受到关注的拓扑超导体候选材料之一. 理论预言 SrPb3具有非平庸的拓扑能带, 然而, 实验上尚未得到证实. 本工作观察到德哈斯-范阿尔芬振荡, 验证了 SrPb3 中电子能带的非平庸拓扑性质. 通过分析提取出两个振荡频率Fα =3.54 T 和Fβ =7.43 T. 进一步利用 Lifshitz-Kosevich 公式以及朗道量子化理论, 得到两个对应费米面的载流子有效质量分别为 mα* =0.006m0 和 mβ* =0.008m0 , 同时它们的贝里相位分别为?αB = (1 .32±0.25)π 和?βB = (1 .10±0.25)π. 这些结果表明 SrPb3 中存在有效质量接近于零的相对论费米子和非平庸拓扑能带. SrPb3 中超导电性与非平庸拓扑能带的共存, 为研究超导与拓扑的关联以及探索拓扑超导体提供新的研究体系.     

Crystalline electric field effects on the resistivity of PrAl2

Calculations in the mean field approximation of the magnetic contribution to the resistivity of a J = 4 ion in a cubic lattice, considering the effects of the crystalline electric field, are presented for both T >T_c and T < T_c (excluding the critical region). The magnetic contribution to the resistivity of ferromagnetic PrAl₂ is discussed in terms of the above calculations and the total crystalline electric field splitting of this system is determined to be 100 K. Results are also presented for the critical behavior of d?/dT.     

Crystalline electric field effects on the paramagnetic susceptibility of polycrystalline materials

The paramagnetic susceptibility of polycrystalline materials having large magnetic anisotropies is considered. It is shown that polycrystalline data in many case may not reflect strong crystalline electric field phenomena, even though these are clearly seen in single crystal data.     

Crystalline electric field transition in DyD2

Neutron energy loss spectra were obtained with a powder sample of DyD₂. An 8 meV transfer line was observed at 8 K. This energy is in excellent agreement with the transition energy between ground and first excited state, previously predicted through analysis of the Mössbauer effect and magnetic susceptibility data.     

High magnetic field properties and ESR of the compounds

compounds have a layered structure made of alternating Ni-O and Li-O slabs. An amount z of extra divalent Ni ions is always present in the Li-O layers. We show, using high field magnetisation, static and dynamic susceptibility and high frequency ESR, that the magnetic properties are driven by the z parameter. The compounds can be described as ferromagnetic Ni-O layers, bridged by clusters possessing a net ferromagnetic moment. Received: 24 July 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 23 September 1998     

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of PuMGa5 compounds within the LDA + U + SO method

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of PuMGa₅ compounds (M = Co, Fe, Ni, Rh, Ir) have been calculated within the LDA + U + SO method taking into account the strong electron-electron correlations and the spin-orbit coupling in the 5f shell of the actinide metal. The features of the electronic structure, coupling type, electron configuration, and magnetic state of the plutonium ion have been considered depending on the type of transition metal in PuMGa₅. The estimates of the effective magnetic moment of the plutonium ion agree well with the known experimental values. It has been shown that the occupancy of d states of the transition metal correlates with the appearance of superconductivity in the compounds of this class, providing the optimum doping regime in the electronic subsystem.     

NaZn13型结构LaFe13-xAlxCy化合物的磁熵变与磁相变的研究

研究了NaZn13型结构LaFe13-xAlxC0.1(x=1.6,1.8)间隙化合物的磁制冷能力和磁相变.利用麦克斯韦关系式计算得到,高Al含量LaFe13-xAlx碳化物的最大磁熵变值|ΔS|m低于低Al含量碳化物的最大磁熵变值.随Al含量的增加,化合物的磁熵变峰展宽,但由于磁熵变大幅降低,衡量磁制冷能力的q值随之降低.基于朗道相变原理,考虑到自旋涨落的影响,磁自由能可以展开到磁化强度的6次方项,材料的相变类型由磁化强度的4次方项系数a3(T)的符号来进行判断.随着Al含量的增加,研究的碳化物相变由弱的一级相变转为二级相变.     

Crystal field effects on the magnetic structures of the rare earth compounds with the FeB structure

In order to confirm the role of the crystalline electric potential on the stability of non collinear magnetic structures of the rare earth compounds with the FeB-type structure, the magnetic properties of the (Gd_0.5Y_0.5)Ni compound, where the rare earth orbital moment is nul, are studied. Below its Curie temperature (57 K) the compound is ferromagnetic. The spontaneous magnetization at 0 K reaches 7.05 μ_B per gadolinium atom. Yttrium and nickel atoms being not magnetic the gadolinium moments are parallel and the exchange interactions are positive. Then the non collinear magnetic structures observed when the alloyed rare earths have an orbital moment result from the competition between a multiaxial anisotropy due to the crystal field effects and isotropic exchange interactions of the Heisenberg type.     

Crystalline electric field and high field magnetization in ErNi5 single crystal

High field magnetization measurements up to 380 kOe along the three symmetry axes of a single-crystalline sample of hexagonal ErNi₅, especially the curves along [100] and [120] show us for the first time the strong field induced anisotropy between the two axes in the basal plane. A quantitative analysis of this experiment together with the other data such as paramagnetic susceptibility, specific heat and inelastic neutron scattering allowed us to determine unambiguously the crystalline electric field (CEF) parameters and the paramagnetic exchange coefficient. This leads to a better understanding of the CEF anisotropy in the basal plane. The Er³⁺CEF interactions are compared with those found in other RNi₅ compounds.     

NaZn13型结构LaFe13－xAlxCy化合物的磁熵变与磁相变的研究

研究了NaZn₁₃型结构LaFe_13-xAl_xC_0.1(x=1.6，1.8)间隙化合物的磁制冷能力和磁相变.利用麦克斯韦关系式计算得到，高Al含量LaFe_13-xAl_x碳化物的最大磁熵变值|ΔS|_m低于低Al含量碳化物的最大磁熵变值.随Al含量的增加，化合物的磁熵变峰展宽，但由于磁熵变大幅降低，衡量磁制冷能力的q值随之降低.基于朗道相变原理，考虑到自旋涨落的影响，磁自由能可以展开到磁化强度的6次方项，材料的相变类型由磁化强度的4次方项系数a₃(T)的符号来进行判断.随着Al含量的增加，研究的碳化物相变由弱的一级相变转为二级相变. 关键词： 13-xAl_x碳化物')" href="#">LaFe_13-xAl_x碳化物 磁制冷能力 磁相变     

Roles of electric field on toroidal magnetic confinement

Theoretical research on the influence of electric field on toroidal magnetic confinement is surveyed. The static electric field is first described. A physical picture of the radial electric field generation and its influence on confinement are shown. Neoclassical effects as well as the non-classical processes are discussed. Emphasis is made on the connection with improved confinement. Convective cells with a nonuniform potential on the magnetic surface are also discussed. The roles of the fluctuating electric field are then reviewed. Recent progress in anomalous transport theory is addressed. Through these surveys, the impact of experiments using the heavy ion beam probes on modern plasma physics is illustrated     

Electric/magnetic flux tube on the background of magnetic/electric field

It is argued that the phenomenon of a flux tube in quantum chromodynamics is closely connected with a spontaneously symmetry breakdown of gauge theory. It is shown that in the presence of a mass term in the SU(2) gauge theory the Nielsen‐Olesen equations describe the flux tube surrounded by an external field.     

Critical magnetic field of superconducting A1-type Si,Ge and Sn

We have measured the critical magnetic field required to destroy superconductivity in vapour-quenched A1-type Si, Ge and Sn layers. The field decreases, with increasing thickness, down to a bulk value, increases parabolically with decreasing temperature and decreases irreversibly on annealing at increasing temperatures.     

Enhancement of the electric field threshold for microwave breakdown by crossed magnetic field

The enhancement of breakdown threshold is of benefit to the high power microwave transmission. We propose a magnetic field in the transverse direction to the electric field to enhance the breakdown threshold. A theory of electric field threshold with crossed magnetic field for short pulse is developed, and verified by particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations. The result shows that the crossed magnetic field can enhance the breakdown threshold significantly.     

First-principles calculations of electric field gradients of Sn compounds

The Discrete Variational (DV) LCAO Molecular Orbital method in the local density approximation was employed to obtain the electronic structure of clusters representing three compounds of Sn(II), namely SnF₂, SnO and SnS and two of Sn(IV): SnF₄ and SnO₂. The electric field gradients at the Sn nucleus were calculated and a value for the nuclear quadrupole moment Q was determined.     

Comparative study of magnetic and electric field induced insulator-metal-transitions in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 films

The insulator-metal (IM)-transition in Pr_1-xCa_xMnO₃ (PCMO) is of particular interest because it can be induced by a variety of external forces, such as magnetic and electric fields, photon exposure and hydrostatic pressure. In this paper, we present a comparative study of the IM-transition in magnetic and electric fields for epitaxial thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The transport data as a function of applied field or temperature give strong evidence for the presence of electronic phase separation. However, the observed different IM-transitions in magnetic and electric fields indicate that two different areas of spatially inhomogeneous electronic ground states in the phase diagram of PCMO are involved.