上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建及抗癌研究进展

具有创伤小、毒性低、选择性好、无耐药性等优点的光动力疗法已被广泛应用于癌症治疗研究。然而,多数光敏剂存在水溶性差易聚集、肿瘤组织选择性差的问题,且其激发光都在可见或紫外光范围内,组织穿透深度较浅导致治疗深度不够,限制了光动力疗效。稀土上转换纳米粒子具有低生物毒性、高化学稳定性、强组织穿透力等优点,可作为将近红外光转换成紫外/可见光的发光材料和光敏剂载体,因此,构建上转换光动力诊疗体系为增强光动力疗效提供新思路。本文介绍了上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建方法,包括物理吸附法、物理包封法、共价偶联法,并分析了其应用于光动力抗癌研究的优缺点,最后总结并展望了其存在的挑战及未来发展方向。     

高效液相色谱用于硫化烷基酚钙添加剂水解物的分离制备

硫化烷基酚钙添加剂是一种性能优良的润滑油清净分散添加剂,它是由丙烯四聚物,S、CaO或Ca(OH)与对位烷基酚在乙二醇作促进剂条件下合成的复杂混合物,由于合成后R取代基的影响给剖析其组成带来很大困难。在剖析之前对其进行     

近红外上转换纳米转换器在光遗传学调控中的应用

光遗传学作为一种新兴的生物技术,能够在时间和空间上精准调控生理功能。尤其是在基于视紫红质离子通道蛋白来操控神经兴奋性及钙信号通路激活等方面,近年来该技术吸引了广泛的关注。然而,目前该技术所使用的光遗传学工具只能被可见光激发,难以穿透深层组织并实现无创地光学调控。为了解决这个问题,最近一些研究通过使用稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子作为光转换器,将组织可穿透的近红外光转化为可见光发射,从而使复杂活体条件下的光遗传学调控成为可能。我们对近年来上转换纳米粒子介导的光遗传学技术的开发和应用进展做了详细的总结。另外,关于未来如何进一步推进该技术可用于临床研究提出了建议和展望。     

量子点人工光合成化学转换研究进展

利用半导体量子点为光催化剂通过人工光合成的方式把H2O或CO2转化为H2或CO从而获得氢气或其他太阳能燃料,被认为是解决能源和环境危机的有效途径.量子点由于其独特的光物理和光化学性质(如优异的吸光能力、可调的能带结构、多激子生成、表面丰富的活性位点等)在人工光合成化学转换领域受到了广泛的关注.本文总结了近年来作者团队在...     

基于上转换纳米颗粒的光动力疗法研究新进展

作为一种新型治疗手段,光动力疗法近年来被广泛应用于癌症等疾病的治疗研究.然而,用于激活光敏剂的紫外或可见光具有较低的组织穿透深度,限制了光动力疗法的治疗效果.上转换纳米颗粒可以将组织穿透能力较强的近红外光转换为紫外或可见光,为实现近红外光激活的光动力疗法提供了光转换器,有望解决传统光动力疗法组织穿透深度较浅的问题.本文...     

添加剂对煤气化过程中石灰石固硫行为的影响

为了研究添加剂在石灰石固硫过程中的作用，选择了一系列添加剂对含不同氧化镁的二种石灰石进行改性，采用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ及ＤＴＡＴＧ技术，研究了石灰石改性前后及煤气化过程中固硫反应前后钙基固硫剂的结构、表面组成及热性能，并与固硫特性相关联。实验得出：无机氯化物及一系列钠盐对石灰石的固硫能力具有不同程度的影响，其中氯化钠的促进作用最明显，其添加量有一最佳值；氯化镁及氢氧化钠具有负作用。添加剂通过影响石灰石的热分解性能及其气化残物的表面组成而起作用，对石灰石的结构影响较小。     

测定润滑油添加剂中钙钡的乳浊液进样-火焰原子发射光谱法

将乳浊液进样技术应用于火焰原子发射光谱法 ,建立了测定润滑油添加剂中钙和钡的灵敏、快速分析方法。对乳化剂的选择、化学干扰的消除、空白溶液的选择及检出限进行了考察。将样品的苯溶液用乳化剂OP乳化成乳浊液 ,取适量样品乳浊液加入适量琼脂溶液及释放剂配制成试液 ,喷入火焰 ,用标准加入法测定。该法的测定结果与灰化 -火焰原子发射光谱法一致 ,相对误差小于±2.9 %,t检验表明两种方法之间无显著性差异。方法的相对标准偏差小于2.7%,检出限:钙0.12mg/L、钡0.99mg/L。     

蓝光剂CaS：Cu^＋、Cl^-的制备及其光致发光特性

随着农膜光能转换材料研究的不断深入，利用碱土金属硫化物为基质材料掺杂稀土元素，制成光转换材料用于农膜的研究已越来越受到人们的重视。文献相继报道了CaS：Eu的制备方法、材料结构及其光谱特性。并进行了农田应用试验。本文应用高温固相反应法合成了CaS     

白光LED用光转换无机荧光粉

本文综述了近年来白色发光二极管用光转换无机荧光粉的国内外研究进展.分别从能被蓝光LED芯片激发的黄色、绿色与红色荧光粉,和能被近紫外LED芯片激发的蓝色、绿色与红色荧光粉以及单一基质白光荧光粉进行了综述,对性能较好的荧光粉进行了重点推介;对相应的铝酸盐、硅酸盐、氮(氧)化物、钼酸盐等荧光粉的光致发光光谱及其调控原理进行...     

肿瘤微环境刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建和发展

光动力治疗是一种新型的非侵入式肿瘤治疗方法,具有创伤性和毒性小、选择性好、无耐药性、可重复治疗等突出优点,在癌症的治疗上取得了显著的成效.为了增加光动力治疗的组织穿透深度,研究者提出构建基于上转换纳米颗粒(upconversion nanoparticles, UCNPs)的光动力诊疗探针(简称上转换光动力诊疗探针).基于发光共振能量转移过程,上转换光动力诊疗探针利用UCNPs在近红外光激发下发射的荧光激活负载的光敏剂发挥光动力疗效,有助于实现深层肿瘤的治疗.新型的上转换光动力诊疗探针通过多功能一体化的结构组合设计可以实现靶向运输、成像诊断以及刺激响应的按需治疗,是未来纳米医药发展的必然趋势.目前,研究者越来越关注构建基于肿瘤微环境刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系,以提高治疗体系的靶向性,改善光动力治疗效果,并减小对周围正常组织的毒性.本工作主要讨论了基于pH、酶及过氧化氢刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建和发展,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

Optical Activity from Asymmetric Transition Metal Atoms

The preparation and resolution of asymmetric organometallic compounds of the transition series with four different ligands on the metal atom are described. Some of the optically active complexes retain their configuration, while others undergo racemization in solution. Their properties and reactions are discussed. Centers of asymmetry at transition metal atoms can also be detected on the basis of the magnetic nonequivalence of diastereotopic groups. Information about the configurational stability of such compounds can be obtained by investigation of the temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.     

利用液晶取向变化的光学免疫检测方法

利用共价固定方法将抗血清白蛋白固定到硅烷化玻璃基底上, 并通过摩擦其表面形成5CB液晶整齐均一取向排列的基底. 考察了不同浓度的人血清白蛋白与基底作用后液晶在基底上形成的偏光光学图像的差异, 并利用自行提出的“图像加权平均灰度值”定量分析了图像灰度与人血清白蛋白浓度的关系. 对比研究了基底上的特异性吸附与非特异性吸附引起的液晶偏光光学图像的差异以及调制偏振光能力, 结果表明, 该基底具有很高的特异性. 该方法可望发展成为一种灵敏、非标记的光学免疫检测方法.     

TixV1-xO2薄膜的光学及相变特性

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在c-Al2O3(0001)基底上制备了不同钒钛比例的TixV1-xO2(0≤x≤1)薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)光谱对薄膜结构及光学性能进行测试分析,计算薄膜的太阳能智能调节率和光学带隙.实验结果及分析表明:随着Ti含量的增加,薄膜的红外调节特性和热滞特性逐渐减弱直至消失;薄膜样品的光学带隙随着Ti含量的增加而变宽,光响应范围发生蓝移;其光学带隙随着V含量的增加而变窄,光响应范围发生红移.     

光通讯波段聚合物光波导材料的研究进展

光学聚合物由于其在光通讯领域的集成光电器件与光互连应用方面有经济和实用价值而备受关注。本文介绍了光通讯波段有机聚合物光波导材料的特点和研究进展。     

Interesting Magnetic and Optical Properties of ZnO Co-doped with Transition Metal and Carbon

Magnetic and optical properties of ZnO co-doped with transition metal and carbon have been investigated using density functional theory based on first-principles ultrasoft pseudopoten-tial method. Upon co-doping with transition metal (TM) and carbon, the calculated results show a shift in the Fermi level and a remarkable change in the covalency of ZnO. Such cases energetically favor ferromagnetic semiconductor with high Curie temperature due to p-d exchange interaction between TM ions and holes induced by C doping. The total en-ergy difference between the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic configurations, spatial charge and spin density, which determine the magnetic ordering, were calculated in co-doped systems for further analysis of magnetic properties. It was also discovered that optical prop-erties in the higher energy region remain relatively unchanged while those at the low energyregion are changed after the co-doping. These changes of optical properties are qualitatively explained based on the calculated electronic structure. The validity of our calculation in comparison with other theoretical predictions will further motivate the experimental inves-tigation of (TM, C) co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors.     

Optical and dielectric properties of polyvinylchloride/polymethylmethacrylate blends

The optical and dielectric properties of prepared polyvinychloride/atactic polymethylmethacrylate (PVA/-PMMA) blends are studied as a function of applied field frequency and PMMA content. The observed optical energy gaps and the energy gap tails were determined from the measured absorption spectra. It was found that the applied frequency and the -PMMA concentration have some effects on the physical parameters such as the optical energy gap, the glass transition temperature (T_g), the dielectric constant, and the refractive index. Correlation between the determined optical energy gaps and the measured T_g is presented. The observed changes in these physical parameters are due to structural changes in the amorphous domains, impurities and space charge within the interfaces in the mixed phases.     

Thermally-induced Transition in Aqueous Solution of Cationic Surfactant Containing Aromatic Ring

Heat capacities of aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) salicylate, of CTA m-hydroxybenzoate and of CTA p-hydroxybenzoate were measured using a scanning microcalorimeter. Only the salicylate solution exhibited heat-capacity anomaly around 330 K, depending on the heating rate. The transition enthalpy was 3.5±0.2 kJ mol^–1, which was similar to that observed in solution of 1:1 intermolecular compound between CTA bromide (CTAB) and o-iodophenol (OIPh). The enthalpy of formation H_f of the 1:1 intermolecular compound from CTAB and OIPh was determined by measuring the enthalpies of solution of the relevant crystals into ethanol. Positive value _fH=3.0±0.3 kJ mol^–1 was explained from a large difference between the heat capacities of the 1:1 compound and 1:1 mixture of the component crystals.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

MB-硬脂酸复合薄膜光波导传感器检测氯化氢气体

利用旋转甩涂法将亚甲基蓝(MB)掺杂的硬脂酸溶液涂成薄膜固定在钾离子(K⁺)交换玻璃光波导表面上, 研制了MB-硬脂酸复合薄膜/K⁺交换玻璃光波导传感器, 并对酸性气体进行了检测. 该复合薄膜与氯化氢(HCl)气体作用时, 薄膜颜色从深蓝色变为浅蓝色, 导致薄膜对倏逝波的吸收降低, 使传感器的输出光强度增强. 结果表明, 在室温下该传感器对低浓度的氯化氢气体仍具有较好的重复性和选择性响应, 可检测到体积分数为1×10^-6%的HCl气体, 响应和恢复时间分别为7和20 s, 相对标准偏差为±6.06%. 该传感器具有灵敏度高、 响应-恢复速度快、 可逆性好、 成本低和容易制备等特点.     

Photochromism in CaS:Sm

CaSfREhasbeenknownforalongtimeasanexcellentphosphor'.ThephotochronismofSinScrystal'hasbeenfound.Yasuski'repoFtedthatSin' ionstrapedelectronsandchangedintoSin' intheinfraredstimulablephosphorCaScontainingEuandSinions,butphotochromismhasnotbeenobserved.Inthepresentletter,thephotochromismwasobservedinCaS:Sm.Activatedcarbon,calciumsulfate,sodiumsulfateandSin(NO,),weremixedandground,andthen,themixturewasputintoanalumiacrucibleandheatedat950"Cfor3--4hours.Thesampleswereanalyzedbyx-raydiffrac…     

Optical spectra of Yb and Yb–Nd interaction in Cs2NaNd0,4Yb0,6Cl6

Interaction between octahedrally coordinated Nd³⁺ and Yd³⁺ in Cs₂NaNd_0,4Yb_0,6Cl₆ reduces the Nd³⁺ luminescence lifetime by roughly two orders of magnitude with respect to that found in Cs₂NaNdCl_{6– · –} Analysis of low temperature absorption and emission spectra reveals that the nonradiative Nd³⁺–Yb³⁺ energy transfer has to be assisted by lattice phonon emission, nevertheless the rate of the transfer is high in the 4–300 K temperature region and attains 5.8×10⁵s^-1 at room temperature. A phase transition of Cs₂NaNd_0,4Yb_0,6Cl₆ between 12 and 13 K is evidenced by abrupt change of both the spectra and lifetimes of Yb³⁺. Reduction of Yb³⁺ lifetime from 5.3 ms to 150 μs is at the transition from low symmetry phase to high symmetry phase is supposed to be associated with a three ion interaction which occurs in ordered lattice and disappears in low temperature disordered structure.