美国化学教育研究进展

近年来 ,美国“化学教育杂志”(ＪＣＥ)陆续发表了一些知名化学教育家有关化学教育和化学教育研究的综述 ,有对化学教育的过去、现在与未来的阐述和展望[1] ,也有通过化学教育研究以提高化学教学质量的论述[2～ 4 ] 。这些文章值得关注。同样值得关注的是 ,1 993年 3月美国化学会第 2 0 5届年会上 ,其化学教育分会有关“什么是化学教育研究会”的专题讨论会。 1 994年ＪＣＥ就这一讨论会专发了一组文章 (连续 7篇 ) [5] 。同年又发表了通栏标题为“化学教育研究”美国化学会化学教育分会化学教育研究工作组报告[6] 。我们认为这一报告是化学…     

在Word 2000中创建"化学"工具栏

经常使用Ｗｏｒｄ的化学教师都会有一个这样的愿望 ,就是希望Ｗｏｒｄ能象ＷＰＳ 2 0 0 0那样有一个化学工具栏。其实在Ｗｏｒｄ中 ,我们完全可以创建一个比ＷＰＳ 2 0 0 0更具学科特色 (如 :“化学仪器”、“实验装置”等栏目 )个性化的化学工具栏。具体步骤如下 :1　创建“化学”工具栏　　 (1)启动Ｗｏｒｄ 2 0 0 0 ,用鼠标右键单击“工具”栏 ,在快捷菜单中选择“自定义”。(2 )在“自定义”对话框的“工具栏”选项卡中 ,选中“菜单栏”单击“新建”按钮。　　　　　　　　图　 1图 2　　 (3)在“新建工具栏”对话框中的“工具栏名称”…     

对"从诺贝尔化学奖看20世纪化学的发展"一文的评介、补充和订正

1 对《发展》的评介。《化学通报》2001年第11期“化学史”栏目载文“从诺贝尔化学奖看20世纪化学的发展”(以下简称《发展》),提出了三个问题：“化学奖主要集中在那(哪)些化学分支领域?同一领域的获奖有那(哪)些内在联系?未来化学各分支学科将如何发展?”该文用翔实的化学史实,回答了前两个问题。这是符合该文命题本意的,也是《化学通报》多年来坚持开辟“化学史”栏目,为读者又一次提供了弥足珍贵的参考资料。在此,我们谨向《化学通报》以及《发展》的作者表示诚挚的感谢。     

化学"阅读"栏目的教学策略

随着素质教育的逐步深入，中等学校(中师、中专、中学)的化学课程增加了化学“阅读”栏目。由于受应试教育的影响，这部分内容流于了形式。那么如何有效地进行教学呢?本文探讨了中师化学“阅读”栏目教学的实施策略，可供参考。     

展示化学魅力的窗口--浅议化学"绪言"课

初中化学“绪言”(新教材)的内容很有特色,它不同于一般书本的简单介绍,而是通过精彩的实验和生动的事例,向学生展示了一个五彩缤纷的化学世界,充满了魅力,这对初接触化学、对化学充满着神秘感和好奇心的学生来说,有着很强的吸引力。爱因斯坦曾说,“兴趣是最好的老师”,学习兴趣和     

《广州化学》征订启事

《广州化学》是中国科学院广州化学研究所主办的国内外公开发行的学术期刊。自1976年创刊以来,已先后入编美国《化学文摘》(CA)、“中国科学引文数据库”、“中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计刊源”、“中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库”、中国知网“中国期刊全文数据库”、《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》、“万方数字化期刊群”、“中文科技期刊数据库”等。办刊宗旨是打造化学与化工行业“学、研、产”信息交流平台,报道有机化学、天然产物化学、高分子材料、药物化学以及相关的环境保护、分析测试、化工技术等领域的基础研究、应用研究及技术创新方面的新成果和新技术。辟有研究报告、综述评论、研究快报、科技简讯、工程案例、产品介绍、广告之窗等栏目。读者对象是国内外化学与化工行业科技工作者、大专院校师生。     

发现化学之美感悟科学魅力

本文指出化学教学的关键,在于引导学生发现化学之美,感悟科学魅力,激发学生的学习兴趣及创造潜能。全文阐述了化学的外在美、揭示了化学的内在美———化学学科思想 (科学之美 )、崇尚化学家的人生之美及化学教师的人格之美。作者认为：化学教师的人格之美源自“以学生发展为本”的教育理念和对学生及化学教育事业的挚爱。本文旨在倡导广大教师更新教育观念,增强自身素质,升华崇高人格,真正实现化学教学中“教师快乐教学,学生享受学习”。     

一个适用于高中化学新课程标准的实验--微波水热合成法制备纳米Fe2O3

以实验为基础是化学学科的重要特征之一,为此,国家教育部新制订的《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》(以下简称“新课程标准”)在化学选修课中独立设置了“实验化学”的课程模块,该课程模块围绕“知识与技能”、“过程与方法”、“情感态度与价值观”等三方面的目标,旨在使学生通过实验探究活动掌握基本的化学实验方法和技能、了解化学实验研究的一般过程以及常见物质的制备合成方法和现代仪器在物质研究中的应用。     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

《合成化学》再次入选美国化学文摘（CA）千种表

成都有机化学研究所主办的《合成化学》继2003年被收录为国家科技部“中国科技论文统计源期刊”(中国科技核心期刊)后，再创佳绩，人选美国化学文摘(CA)千种表。     

充满生机和科学机遇的磷化学研究所

简要地综述了第十五届国际磷化学会议的报告内容，介绍了目前磷化学的主要 研究领域，包括不对称合成、配合化学，生物碱化学，药物化学，农业化学等相关 领域的研究动态及新进展。     

Novel arylpyridine‐based 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis,antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation

In view of developing novel bioactive compounds, a series of 2‐(5‐[2‐methyl‐6‐arylpyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐arylethanones (6a–n) were designed and synthesized in good yield. Novel compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bascillus subtilis, Eschericia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Compounds 6a , 6b , 6c , 6h , and 6i displayed the highest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25–12.5 μg/mL in comparison with the standard Ciprofloxacin. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity of carrageenan‐induced footpad edema assay indicated that tested compounds exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity with percentage of inhibition of 63.9–70.1% (potency 96.8–106.20% of indomethacin activity) after 3 hr. Particularly, 6c – e and 6j – l were found to be excellent inhibitors of inflammation, with potential higher than that of the standard, Indomethacin.     

Exploring recent developments on 1,2,4-triazole: Synthesis and biological applications

Triazoles are nitrogen-bearing heterocycles. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on fused heterocycles, as they have better pharmacological effect compared to triazoles alone. Among the two isomers of triazole, this article aims to explore the work carried out on 1,2,4-triazole and N-bridged heterocycles derived from 1,2,4-triazole in last 18 years, highlight different synthetic pathways, and present a brief summary of the different biological activities possessed by 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The information collected in this article is expected to help researchers to discover novel therapeutic agents for better applications in the field of pharmaceutical science.     

Novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives embedded with benzimidazole moiety as potent antioxidants

Fourteen novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives bearing benzimidazole moiety ( 7a-n ) have been synthesized using the one-pot nitro reductive cyclization method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), ¹³C NMR, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), mass spectrum, and elemental analyses. All the title compounds were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the compounds was examined using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging methods. The results demonstrated that compound 3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-6-4-tolyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine ( 7c ) was potent in scavenging both DPPH and nitric oxide radical with IC₅₀ values of 13.57 and 18.55 μg/ml when compared to the standard with IC₅₀ values of 23.75 and 23.14 μg/ml, respectively, which was due to the presence of electron-donating groups. The activity was found to decline when electron-donating groups were replaced by electron-withdrawing groups. Moderate scavenging activity was observed for the superoxide radical. Structure activity relationship and physiochemical properties were studied for all the derivatives.     

Biologically inspired 3Fe4S cluster as structural mimics of FeMoco M-cluster

A 3Fe4S cluster related to M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase is reported. [K(THF)₅][Fe₃(μ-bdt)₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] ( 1 ) is synthesized from photo-assisted structural rearrangement of [K(THF)₂][(μ,κ²-bdt)Fe₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] under visible light irradiation. The molecular structure of 1 consists of a Fe₃ core bearing one dithiolate bridge and the second dithiolate group capping onto the metallic plane. The structural motif of 1 is analogous to that of Mo-participated 3Fe4S unit in M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase, with the similar Fe-Fe and Fe-S bond distances. Upon protonation in 193 K, a Fe-hydride species ( 1H ) is generated and characterized to possess the bridging hydride group (δ = −12.57 ppm) by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. In CH₃CN solution, complex 1 exhibits a reversible reduction and oxidation process at $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{red}}$ = −1.94 V and $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{ox}}$ = −0.18 V, respectively, at 273 K. The reduction behavior of 1 in CH₂Cl₂ solution at 243 K displays a slight modification in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, revealing a moderate anodic potential shift (~50 mV). The current amplitude of the reduction wave is linearly increased with the increasement of acid added, indicative of the catalytic event.     

Dual zinc catalysts for L‐lactide polymerization and reaction of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

A series of zinc complexes, [ L ^X ZnEt] ( 1–5 ) and [ L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) , associated with NNO‐tridentate Schiff base ligands (2‐(((2‐((cyclohexyl[methyl]amino)methyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolate (CAP) derivatives), were synthesized, and their activity toward ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (LA) and the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide were also investigated. All of [ L ^X ZnEt] revealed excellent catalytic activity to ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Among them, [ L ^H ZnEt] (1) showed the highest activity with 82% conversation within 45 s. In contrast, [L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) were inactive in ROP of L‐lactide. In addition, all of these Zn complexes demonstrated moderate activity in the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide in the presence of Bu₄NCl.     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

环戊二烯类有机金属含硫族化学的新进展

本文系统地综述了环戊二烯类有机过渡金属含硫族(S, Se, Te) 化学领域的研究现状和进展。参考文献136 篇。     

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO₂ Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO₂ being released compared to CH₄. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N₂O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.     

Useful Products from Complex Starting Materials: Common Chemicals from Biomass Feedstocks

A rapidly expanding area of inquiry is the use of plant biomass for the industrial production of organic compounds for which there is high demand. This interest is fuelled largely by the anticipated decline in the supply of petroleum, and the inevitable concomitant rise in cost. Over the past 30 years, significant progress has been made toward the large‐scale conversion of plant biomass to common chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, glycerol, substituted furans, and carboxylic acids. However, examination of the list of top production organic chemicals reveals numerous opportunities for future development, including simple halocarbons, alkenes and arenes. Progress toward efficient and economical production of these challenging targets from biomass has recently been reported, and future success is likely to continue through academic and industrial collaboration.