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Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD.) measurements of disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives without heteroatoms show systematic differences between equatorial-equatorial and equatorial-axial substitution.  相似文献   

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Johnsen  U.  Kolbe  K. 《Colloid and polymer science》1967,216(1):97-103
Colloid and Polymer Science - Vinylidenchlorid (VDC=M 1)-Vinylacetat (VAC =M 2)-Copolymere verschiedener Zusammensetzung werden bei 50 °C hergestellt. Ihre molekulare Kettenstruktur wird mit...  相似文献   

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The influence of homogeneous magnetic fields on the temperature distribution in a d.c.-arc is determined by the density field of the arc by means of a laser-interferometer operating according to Michelson's principle. The photographically registered shifts of the interference-lines were converted into the true ones with Abel's integral equation. Under high magnetic induction the area of maximum temperature in the arc is transferred outwards due to the excentrically flowing current in the rotating arc. For the whole surroundings of the arc the temperature gradients are determined. The formation of an axial gradient in the cathode area is discussed. Work is continued with investigations on the streaming conditions by means of anodes labelled with radioactive isotopes, photographically registered traces of coal particles and artificially induced counterstreams. The influence of the magnetic field leads under low inductions to a funnel-shaped, under high inductions to a circular stream. By the spectral background intensity, altered molecular concentrations in the magnetized arc can be proved to be the result of the streaming conditions and are calculated from the above-mentioned interferograms.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Protonenresonanzspektren von anionaktiven, kationaktiven, amphoteren und nichtionogenen Tensiden wurden aufgenommen. Alle Spektren werden eingehend diskutiert, die Signale der chemischen Verschiebungen werden beschrieben und zugeordnet.
Examination of tensides by means of nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy
The NMR spectra of anionic, cationic, ampholytic, and non-ionic detergents have been recorded and examined. The assignments of the chemical shifts are described and discussed.


Die Aufnahme der NMR-Spektren erfolgte im Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kernchemie der Universität Mainz. Für die freundliche Genehmigung, ein Kernresonanzspektrometer dieses Instituts benutzen zu dürfen, danke ich Herrn Prof. Dr. R. Bock und Herrn Prof. Dr. H.-J. Eichhoff. Für ihre unermüdliche und sorgfältige Mithilfe bei der Aufnahme und Auswertung der NMR-Spektren danke ich Fräulein Erika Walldorf herzlich. Für wertvolle Hinweise und Ratschläge bin ich Herrn Dr. D. Caesar zu Dank verpflichtet.  相似文献   

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2,2′-Dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethyl-5,5′-di-t-butyl-1,1′-azobenzene has been metallized to the 1 : 2-Co-(III)-complex. In addition to the main product a further complex was isolated by chromatography in a yield of about 2% and proved to be an isomer of the main complex. The cause of the isomerism could not be elucidated.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Die Veresterung des Essigsäureanhydrids (I) mit Methanol (II) ohne zusätzliches Lösungsmittel wurde bei 20 und 30°C mit Hilfe der Kernresonanzspektroskopie kinetisch untersucht. Aus der durch elektronische Integration bestimmten Intensitätszunahme des Ester-Methoxy-Protonensignals wurden die Konzentrationen im Verlauf der Reaktion bestimmt. Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz:RG=k·[(CH3CO)2O]·[CH3OH] wird bei den Konzentrationsverhältnissen [I]:[II]=11 bis 16,7 erfüllt;k=7,17·10–5 (20°C) bzw. 15,30·10–5 (30°C) mol–1·l·min–1; S *=–42Cl. Diese Befunde führten uns zu dem Schlusse, daß I und II zunächst unter Bildung von protoniertem Essigsäuremethylester und Acetat-Anion reagieren, und daß dieser protonierte Ester rasch das Proton abspaltet.
Kinetics of the esterification of aceticanhydride (I) with methanol (II) without any solvent were investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Increasing of the methoxyproton-signal intensity of the ester was evaluated by electronic integration and thus the kinetic run was determined. The law: rate=k·[I]·[II] is satisfied by the experimental data from the concentration range [I][II]=11 up to 16,7;k=7,17·10–5 (20°C), and 15,30·10–5 (30°C) mol–1·l·min–1; S *=–42Cl. From these results we concluded that first I and II react, forming protonized methyl acetate and acetate-anion, and that this protonized ester rapidly delivers the proton.


Mit 3 Abbildungen

Dem lieben Kollegen Herrn Prof. Dr.Leopold Schmid zum 70. Geburtstag herzlichst gewidmet.

Referat bei der Vortragstagung des Vereins Österreichischer Chemiker in Wien am 6. Oktober 1967.  相似文献   

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A Rapid Purification of D -Oxynitrilase from Almond Meal by Affinity Chromatography Oxynitrilase from almond meal is capable of catalyzing the stereospecific addition of cyanide to a variety of aldehydes. Thus, the enzyme is potentially useful in the synthesis of optically active cyanohydrins on a preparative scale [1]. As the currently available purification procedures for this enzyme [2] are rather tedious, we have elaborated a simple and rapid procedure based on affinity chromatography. An inhibitor for the enzyme, methyl p-(3-aminopropoxy)benzoate (4) , has been synthesized and attached covalently to Sepharose 4B as a solid matrix (5) . With this affinity gel it was possible to prepare the D -oxynitrilase in a simple procedure with high yields.  相似文献   

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NMR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the ring inversions of the unsaturated seven membered ring system in a total of 20 benzocycloheptene derivatives with 1, 2 and 3 pairs of geminal substituents. For all compounds the inversion of the ring at ? 80°C is ‘frozen’ and at this temperature only one conformation is present in detectable quantity, presumably that of the chair form. The free activation enthalpies ΔG for the chair inversions lie between 9·9 and 13·7 kcal/mole. For disubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzocycloheptenes the ΔG values vary according to the positions of the ligands: for disubstituted derivatives ΔG is largest for the 5-position and smallest for the 3-position. For the tetrasubstituted derivatives the inversion of the ring—compared to that in the comparable dimethyl derivatives—is made more difficult when the ligands are in the 3,6- or 3,7- positions, but is facilitated when in the 3,5- or 4,6- positions. The effect observed in the 3,5- and 4,6- substituted rings is due to transanular repulsion of synaxial substituents, which leads to a flattening of the ring. Such a repulsion does not occur when the ligands are in the 3,6- positions. On the other hand, when the ligands are in 3,7- positions the transanular repulsion leads to a stronger puckering of the chair; the inversion could be hindered by this. For benzocycloheptene the activation energies for the inversions between chair, boat and twist (S, W, T) conformations were determined from model calculations. The best route for the inversion of the chair is the version way SW via the transitional conformation V45 and V56. The calculated activation energy for this (14·6 kcal/mole) agrees well with the experimentally determined value (13 ± 1·5 kcal/mole). For the pseudorotation WT a slightly lower calculated value of 11·1 kcal/mole was found.  相似文献   

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Investigation of the LaI2/H2 System: Phase Relations and Stacking Disorder Heating of LaI2 under 1 bar hydrogen pressure to 650 °C leads to light gray LaI2H0.95(3), accompanied by a structural change from tetragonal to hexagonal. Sharp reflections in the XRD pattern can be indexed in P63/mmc with a = 4.2158(7)Å and c = 15.508(3)Å, however, diffuse reflections indicate the presence of stacking faults in the structure, which correspond to a polytypic intergrowth of MoS2 and NbS2 type structural fragments. Increasing the reaction temperature to 730 °C results in a better defined diffraction pattern with the peak positions close to those of the 2H‐NbS2 structure type. An X‐ray powder study of the samples LaI2Hn proved the miscibility gap between LaI2 and LaI2Hn (0 ≤ n ≤ 0.5) in agreement with previous results. With decreasing H‐content of the homogeneous phase the lattice parameters change in opposite direction, a increasing to 4.236(1)Å and c decreasing to 15.39(2)Å for the lower limit.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Der Verlauf des Vorganges 2 BaO2+12 Fe2O3–2 (BaO·6 Fe2O3)+O2 wird mit Hilfe derHahnschen Emaniermethode verfolgt. Dadurch, daß in gleicher Weise auch die einzelnen Komponenten BaO2 (Abb. I und 2) und Fe2O3 (Abb. 3), für sich untersucht und in den Gemischen einmal das BaO2, das andere Mal das Fe2O3 radioaktiv indiziert werden, ist es möglich, die charakteristischen Merkmale dieses Reaktionstyps zu beschreiben.Mit 4 Abbildungen.  相似文献   

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Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgetragen auf der Sitzung des Fachausschusses „Physik der Hochpolymeren“ der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft am 14. April 1966 in Mainz. Herrn Professor Dr. H. A. Stuart danken wir für sein stets f?rderndes Interesse sowie Herrn Dr. G. F. Schmidt für zahlreiche, anregende Diskussionen. Der Firma Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik AG, Ludwigshafen, danken wir für die freundliche überlassung des untersuchten Poly?thylens. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft haben wir für apparative Unterstützung zu danken.  相似文献   

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Summary The quantitative determination of trace elements in human blood serum by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (TXRF) is influenced by absorption- and reflection-effects caused by the organic (proteins) and inorganic (P, S, Na, K, Ca, Cl) matrices. To minimize these effects we have developed a sample preparation technique based on the decomposition of the organic matrix and followed by the separation of the trace elements from the organic matrix by ion-exchange. The described method enables the simultaneous determination of K (1584 g), Ca (666 g), Fe (22 g), Cu (9.6 g), Zn (8.8 g), Se (0.97 g), Sn (1.3 g), Pb (0.12 g) and Rb (1.6 g) (obtained values in parentheses).

Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Tölg zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet  相似文献   

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