铷原子频标磁致频移相关问题研究

长期稳定度是评价铷原子频标性能的一项关键指标．物理系统内部静磁场（C场）稳定性引起的磁致频移与铷频标长期稳定度有关．利用⁸⁷Rb原子基态磁敏跃迁频率与轴向外加磁场的线性关系,测量了铷频标物理系统内部磁场强度,并计算了铷频标物理系统磁屏蔽筒轴向磁屏蔽因子约为3 828．实验结果表明磁屏蔽筒有效地降低了地磁场日波动对铷频标物理系统内部C场的影响,使磁致频移控制在合理范围内．     

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通过Ansoft Maxwell有限元分析软件,用封闭圆桶模型对ITER送气系统阀门箱的磁屏蔽进行了计算。计算,获得了屏蔽层厚度、上端开孔及侧面狭缝对磁屏蔽的影响方式及规律,给出了一种具有合理参数的可能设计。     

A multiscale approach to the analysis of magnetic grid shields and its validation

This paper illustrates the application of the multiple scale expansion theory to the analysis of heterogeneous thin structures employed for the magnetic field shielding and, in particular, the attention is focused on grid shields. These structures are conveniently employed in the mitigation of magnetic fields when the thermal dissipation is a severe restriction. The problem modelling is faced by applying the thin-shell approximation to the Maxwell equations, introducing appropriate interface conditions between the shield surfaces. Starting from this formulation, a homogenisation technique, based on the multiple scale expansion theory, is developed in order to replace the heterogeneous structure with an equivalent homogenous one. The proposed method enables an efficient analysis of magnetic and pure conductive heterogeneous shields with a significant decrease of the computational burden. The results are validated by comparison with a standard modelling approach, when possible, and with experiments developed on specific laboratory set-ups for frequencies up to 2 kHz.     

A multiscale approach to the analysis of magnetic grid shields and its validation

This paper illustrates the application of the multiple scale expansion theory to the analysis of heterogeneous thin structures employed for the magnetic field shielding and, in particular, the attention is focused on grid shields. These structures are conveniently employed in the mitigation of magnetic fields when the thermal dissipation is a severe restriction. The problem modelling is faced by applying the thin-shell approximation to the Maxwell equations, introducing appropriate interface conditions between the shield surfaces. Starting from this formulation, a homogenisation technique, based on the multiple scale expansion theory, is developed in order to replace the heterogeneous structure with an equivalent homogenous one. The proposed method enables an efficient analysis of magnetic and pure conductive heterogeneous shields with a significant decrease of the computational burden. The results are validated by comparison with a standard modelling approach, when possible, and with experiments developed on specific laboratory set-ups for frequencies up to 2 kHz.     

Magnetic shielding property for cylinder with circular,square, and equilateral triangle holes

The shielding property of cylinder with circular, square, and equilateral triangle holes was investigated by finite element analysis(FEA). The hole area(S_(hole)) plays an important role in magnetic circuit on the surface of cylinder. When Sholeis less than the critical area(S_H), cylinder with three shapes of holes obtained the same remanent magnetization inside,indicating that the shielding property is unaffected by the shape of the hole. Hence, high-permeability material is the major path of the magnetic field. On the condition of S_(hole) S_H, the sequence of the shielding property is equilateral triangle square circular, resulting from magnetoresistance of leakage flux in air dielectric. Besides, the anisotropy of shielding property caused by hole structural differences of the cylinder is evaluated. We find that a good shielding effectiveness is gained in the radial direction, compared with the axis direction. This research focuses on providing a theoretical support for the design of magnetic shield and improvement on the magnetic shielding ability.     

涡流对电真空器件内磁分布的影响及抑制方法

短脉冲线圈电流励磁是高频电真空器件中实现超强磁场的重要技术途径之一,此时器件内将不可避免地产生涡流并进一步对内部磁场分布构成影响。针对使用短脉冲磁场时涡流对电真空器件内磁分布的影响进行了研究,分析了线圈电流脉冲宽度、金属电导率和金属厚度等对涡流的影响,结果表明:随着线圈电流脉冲宽度的减小、金属电导率和金属厚度的增加,涡流对内部磁场的影响也随之增加,导致管内空间无法有效励磁。提出了两种抑制涡流影响的措施,包括采用高电阻率导体进行薄层电镀和对管壁金属纵向切槽开缝。计算结果表明,这两种方法能够有效抑制涡流对器件内部磁场分布的影响,具有良好的实用性。     

A superconducting solenoid system which cancels fluctuations in the ambient magnetic field

An extra superconducting coil added to a standard, high-field solenoid results in a self-shielding solenoid system which utilizes flux conservation to passively shield an interior volume from changes in the ambient field, such as those from elevators or subways. For this first experimental demonstration, a highly homogeneous 6 T solenoid and an added coil were arranged in one of the geometries predicted to produce effective shielding. The fluctuations in the shielded high-field region are observed to be smaller than the fluctuations in the spatially uniform ambient magnetic field by a large factor of 156, confirming the general shielding principles presented earlier. This shielding is crucial for ongoing antiproton cyclotron resonance experiments and should be useful for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and ion cyclotron resonance experiments and for other applications where high field and high stability are required simultaneously.     

埋地电缆雷电感应过电压观测和分析

通过测量自然闪电条件下埋地电缆的雷电感应过电压,探讨了不同类型电缆屏蔽层对芯线上感应过电压的影响。结果表明:电缆屏蔽层具有明显降低雷电感应过电压的作用;对同一次自然闪电,相对于电源电缆,控制电缆和信号电缆上感应电压脉冲波形峰峰值分别为65%和26%。在选取的起始脉冲时间段内,电缆感应过电压正、负峰值的绝对值同时增大或减小,具有一定的对应关系。钢带屏蔽层能够有效抑制控制电缆感应过电压400 kHz~1 MHz的频率分量,铜编织带屏蔽层对信号电缆感应过电压50 kHz以下频率分量的削弱效果明显。总体来看,铜编织带比钢带具有更好的屏蔽效果。     

基于Tesla变压器和螺旋线的长脉冲发生器

 提出了一种结构紧凑的长脉冲发生器，该发生器的螺旋型形成线包含有磁性材料构成的内导体棒和外屏蔽。形成线通过内置的高耦合Tesla变压器充电，变压器的初级线圈紧靠外磁芯导体，次级线圈位于螺旋中筒和外筒之间。对这种结构的螺旋线进行了特征参数的理论计算和波传输数值模拟，并进行了简单的原理验证实验。实验结果表明：这种设计是合理的、可行的。     

基于氢闸流管感应叠加技术的电磁脉冲源实验

介绍了一种基于感应叠加技术的重复频率脉冲源,分析了同轴屏蔽输出结构磁场的分布。实验时,充电电源工作电压为25 kV,脉冲输出重复频率为20 Hz,2个氢闸流管器件参数相差较大,栅极触发时钟存在约5 ns延时。实验结果表明:氢闸流管触发稳定可靠,输出的脉冲前沿及稳定性仍然不受影响,输出脉冲幅值约为50 kV,证明了感应叠加技术应用于气体开关的可行性。     

HXMT主探测器磁屏蔽设计与实验结果

硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)致力于实现硬X射线的高灵敏度巡天观测, 描绘硬X射线天图, 并对特殊天体作高灵敏度连续观测, 得到其辐射的能谱和时间变化等. 为了减少空间磁场对观测的影响, 确保本底计数的稳定性和能谱测量的精度, 我们用坡莫合金制成的磁屏蔽罩对HXMT主探测器的光电倍增管(PMT)进行了磁屏蔽处理. 实测表明, 在地面地磁场环境下PMT的最大增益变化幅度为6%; 它与自动增益控制系统配合能使在轨PMT增益变化幅度小于1%, 探测器本底计数变化小于0.1%.     

ITER中子屏蔽结构的设计与分析

在ITER真空室的双层壳体之间嵌入中子屏蔽结构用来屏蔽聚变反应中产生的中子流和降低环向磁场的波纹度,从而确保聚变反应的安全进行。阐述了中子屏蔽结构的概念设计、设计准则、详细设计、装配方案等整个设计过程。选取组成整个中子屏蔽结构的一个屏蔽块作为研究对象,通过分载荷步对其进行了热-结构耦合分析,获得各部件响应应力均小于许用应力,满足ITER国际组的设计要求,从而验证了中子屏蔽结构设计的合理性。     

纳秒脉冲激光诱导水等离子体屏蔽的实验研究

基于激光阴影法测量原理,建立了一个记录纳秒脉冲激光诱导等离子体屏蔽现象的实验光路系统,探索了一种等离子体屏蔽图像的记录方法,对纳秒脉冲激光诱导水击穿形成等离子体的现象进行了研究.记录了在不同能量状态下出现的激光诱导等离子体屏蔽图像,发现了激光诱导水介质的等离子体屏蔽效应随作用光能量呈增强的趋势,首次观测到了在纳秒脉冲激光作用下液体中出现的线型击穿现象.本文研究结果可为水下激光加工研究、医疗以及激光在液体中的传播特性研究提供实验依据.     

铁基非晶磁环磁开关设计

分析了磁开关的工作原理及其工作过程进行了分析,推导了磁开关磁芯体积公式,给出了多级磁脉冲压缩电路所需的条件,使用Pspice对磁开关的工作过程进行了模拟。根据理论分析和数值模拟的结果,设计了一台10 kV级,压缩比为8.3的磁开关,并在实验中将10 kV,9.2μs的脉冲压缩为10 kV,1.3μs的脉冲。针对该实验平台设计了一种便捷的磁芯动态磁滞回线测试方法,运用该方法不需搭建测试平台,直接在单级磁脉冲压缩电路平台上即可完成磁芯参数的测量和磁滞回线的绘制。     

射频爆磁压缩发生器小型化共形天线

射频爆磁压缩发生器作为一次性电磁脉冲产生和辐射的小型化装置,其辐射天线的结构和性能是其在实用化层面亟待突破的瓶颈。针对这一问题,深入研究了射频爆磁压缩发生器产生和辐射电磁脉冲的机理,并在此基础上,提出了一种适于实际需求的射频爆磁压缩发生器小型化共形天线。此共形天线设计成爆磁压缩发生器本体的一部分,在结构方面保证了该装置的小型化和实用性。CST仿真和实物测试结果表明,此共形天线在0.5 GHz到10.3 GHz的频带上具有良好的辐射特性,在辐射性能方面同样可以满足射频爆磁压缩发生器实用性的需求。     

纳秒脉冲激光诱导水等离子体屏蔽的实验研究

基于激光阴影法测量原理,建立了一个记录纳秒脉冲激光诱导等离子体屏蔽现象的实验光路系统,探索了一种等离子体屏蔽图像的记录方法,对纳秒脉冲激光诱导水击穿形成等离子体的现象进行了研究.记录了在不同能量状态下出现的激光诱导等离子体屏蔽图像,发现了激光诱导水介质的等离子体屏蔽效应随作用光能量呈增强的趋势,首次观测到了在纳秒脉冲激光作用下液体中出现的线型击穿现象.本文研究结果可为水下激光加工研究、医疗以及激光在液体中的传播特性研究提供实验依据.     

磁屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力研究

在有梯度的静磁场中,对由软磁材料制作的磁屏蔽罩所受的静磁力的量级进行了评估。使用有限元分析和实验测试的方法研究了纯铁方形屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力情况,结果表明：把内腔尺寸100mm×100mm×150mm、罩体厚度为20mm的方形屏蔽罩放置在强度约为0.2T、梯度为0.03T?m?1的磁场中,其所受的静磁力约为184N,与其自身重力相当;静磁力随磁场强度的升高而增大;有限元分析与实验测试结果的偏差在0.2T背景磁场下约为21%。因此,在考虑一定余量的情况下,使用有限元计算评估屏蔽罩在静磁场中的受力情况是一种有效和比较可靠的方法。     

轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器理论模型

 对轴线起爆式螺线管型爆磁压缩发生器进行了理论模型研究，建立了爆炸管的一维爆轰驱动模型、螺线管内空间磁场强度分布模型、爆炸管外表面磁压力模型和发生器系统的等效电路模型等，对此类发生器的物理过程进行系统描述。在此基础上，编制了相应的零维数值模拟程序CEMG 1.0，利用该程序分别对四种不同模型参数的发生器进行了理论计算和参数优化，并对其中一模型发生器爆炸管外表面的磁压力及其引起的剩余电感进行了计算，给出了剩余电感与初始输入条件及负载电感的关系，从而得到该模型的输出性能极限。对理论模型的正确性进行了实例验算证明。     

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在有梯度的静磁场中,对由软磁材料制作的磁屏蔽罩所受的静磁力的量级进行了评估.使用有限元分析和实验测试的方法研究了纯铁方形屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力情况,结果表明:把内腔尺寸100mm×100mm×150mm、罩体厚度为20mm的方形屏蔽罩放置在强度约为0.2T、梯度为0.03T?m-1的磁场中,其所受的静磁力约为184N,与其自身重力相当;静磁力随磁场强度的升高而增大;有限元分析与实验测试结果的偏差在0.2T背景磁场下约为21%.因此,在考虑一定余量的情况下,使用有限元计算评估屏蔽罩在静磁场中的受力情况是一种有效和比较可靠的方法.     

Simulation of the electromagnetic characters of a Faraday-shielded antenna in a helicon wave plasma source

In this article, a structure that employs a Faraday shield between the Shoji antenna and the dielectric tube, which aims to reduce the dielectric wall sputtering, is investigated for the helicon wave plasma (HWP) sources. Faraday shield is usually used between the antenna and the reaction chamber to reduce the radiation from the high electromagnetic field generation, as well as to prevent the sputtering of the antenna material from polluting the reaction chamber during the discharge. Here, the influence of the Faraday shield on the longitudinal and radial electric field of the antenna is analysed through COMSOL Multiphysics^TM. Significant attenuations of both the longitudinal and radial fields are observed in the presence of the shield. In addition, by comparing the electric field distribution under two different shielding parameters, it is found that the shielding effects are not the same. Therefore, a detailed study of two kinds of design (pitch and gap) for the shield was carried out. The results show that the pitch has a little impact on the overall shielding effect when the gap is unaltered. The best shielding performance appears when we set the pitch at T of 8 and 10. In addition, the shielding effect also becomes worse as the gap increases while the pitch remains unchanged. A relatively good shielding effect can be produced by setting the gap to the value of 4–8 mm (a gap/pitch ratio of 2/15–4/15). This work provides a theoretical basis for designing a Faraday shield structure between the antenna and the dielectric tube, which is helpful to realize stable and controllable HWP discharges.