A differential pumping system to deliver windowless VUV photons at atmospheric pressure

In order to deliver VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) photons under atmospheric pressure conditions, a differential pumping system has been built on the DISCO beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. The system is made of four stages and is 840 mm long. The conductance‐limiting body has been designed to allow practicable optical alignment. VUV transmission of the system was tested under air, nitrogen, argon and neon, and photons could be delivered down to 60 nm (20 eV).     

High-Speed Quantum Transducer with a Single-Photon Emitter in a 2D Resonator

Quantum transducers can transfer quantum information between different systems. Microwave–optical photon conversion is important for future quantum networks to interconnect remote superconducting quantum computers with optical fibers. Here, a high-speed quantum transducer based on a single-photon emitter in an atomically thin membrane resonator, that can couple single microwave photons to single optical photons, is proposed. The 2D resonator is a freestanding van der Waals heterostructure (which may consist of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, or other 2D materials) that hosts a quantum emitter. The mechanical vibration (phonon) of the 2D resonator interacts with optical photons by shifting the optical transition frequency of the single-photon emitter with strain or the Stark effect. The mechanical vibration couples to microwave photons by shifting the resonant frequency of an LC circuit that includes the membrane. Thanks to the small mass of the 2D resonator, both the single-photon optomechanical coupling strength and the electromechanical coupling strength can reach the strong coupling regime. This provides a way for high-speed quantum state transfer between a microwave photon, a phonon, and an optical photon.     

An analog of the Migdal-Kohn singularity and the radiation width of the high-frequency branch of the polariton spectrum for a bounded crystal of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">J</Emphasis>-aggregate type

The excitation spectra of crystalline ensembles of coherently emitting interacting quantum electric dipole oscillators are investigated. The system of dynamic equations derived for a one-dimensional crystal of the J-aggregate type can be used in various limiting cases for studying optical photons as well as X-ray and gamma quanta. An exact analytic solution to the dispersion equation is obtained for polaritons (mixed states of Frenkel excitons and transverse photons). It is shown that the high-frequency polariton branch with anomalously high radiation broadening has the limiting wave vector corresponding to the spectral edge not because the broadening becomes comparable to the frequency (as was generally accepted earlier), but due to smooth joining of this polariton branch with the other (nonphysical) branch determined from the dispersion equation. At this point, the derivative of the dispersion curve goes to infinity, which is an analog of the well-known Migdal-Kohn singularity in the phonon spectra of metals. It is shown that the low-frequency polariton branch also exhibits slight broadening due to the fact that the proper radiation width is taken into account exactly.     

光学超晶格中级联参量过程制备纠缠光子对

探索制备纠缠光子对的新途径是量子光学领域的一个研究热点.从理论上证明在准周期极化 的光学超晶格晶体中的级联参量过程能够产生纠缠光子对.分别利用脉冲和连续的532nm抽运 光在一块准周期极化的 LiTaO3晶体中同时实现非简并参量下转换（产生信号光与闲置光 ）与和频（闲置光与抽运光和频生成和频光）的级联参量过程，获得630nm的信号光与460nm 的和频光.指出信号光与和频光之间存在纠缠关联性质.该方案的优点是可产生短波长的纠缠 光子对. 关键词： 准相位匹配 级联参量过程 光量子纠缠态     

Indistinguishable entangled photons generated by a light-emitting diode

A linear optical quantum computer relies on interference between photonic qubits for logic, and entanglement for near-deterministic operation. Here we measure the interference and entanglement properties of photons emitted by a quantum dot embedded within a light-emitting diode. We show that pairs of simultaneously generated photons are entangled, and indistinguishable from subsequently generated photons. We measure entanglement fidelity of 0.87 and two-photon-interference visibility of 0.60 ± 0.05. The visibility, limited by detector jitter, could be improved by optical cavity designs.     

蒙特卡罗模拟光通过大气后的时间分布

采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了光通过光学特性参数不同的大气后透射光时间分布.分析了大气的散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子及折射率对透射光时间分布的影响.结果表明:透射光时间分布曲线存在两个峰,分别对应子弹光与漫射光.各光学参数界定了子弹光、蛇形光、漫射光的大小和时间范围,并从统计模拟的角度解释了折射率大的大气中难以成像的因为.     

Optimal modes for the laser cooling of solids

The method of the nonequilibrium statistical operator is employed to derive the kinetic equations for the numbers of phonons and photons and the collective population difference of the working transition that describe the laser cooling of solids. These equations are used to obtain the expressions for the efficiency of an optical heat engine in the inverse thermodynamic cycle and the limiting cooling temperature. Based on these expressions, the criteria for determining the type of the samples and the temperature and spectral ranges for the laser cooling experiments are formulated. The results of the numerical calculations are presented as supporting evidence.     

Single-photon diode by exploiting the photon polarization in a waveguide

A single-photon optical diode operates on individual photons and allows unidirectional propagation of photons. By exploiting the unique polarization configuration in a waveguide, we show here that a single-photon optical diode can be accomplished by coupling a quantum impurity to a passive, linear optical waveguide which possesses a locally planar, circular polarization. We further show that the diode provides a near unitary contrast for an input pulse with finite frequency bandwidth and can be implemented in a variety of types of waveguides. Moreover, the performance of the diode is not sensitive to the intrinsic dissipation of the quantum impurity.     

Experimental quantum communication without a shared reference frame

We present an experimental realization of a robust quantum communication scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 220501 (2004)] using pairs of photons entangled in polarization and time. Our method overcomes errors due to collective rotation of the polarization modes (e.g., birefringence in optical fiber or misalignment), is insensitive to the phase's fluctuation of the interferometer, and does not require any shared reference frame including time reference, except the need to label different photons. The practical robustness of the scheme is further shown by implementing a variation of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol over 1 km optical fiber.     

粒状磷光增感屏点扩展函数的蒙特卡罗研究

磷光增感屏的内禀性质对磷光增感屏的成像性能影响很大.基于米氏(Mie)散射理论,计算得到磷光增感屏在不同颗粒尺寸和不同颗粒堆积密度情况下的散射系数和吸收系数.然后利用Monte Carlo(MC)方法模拟了可见光光子在磷光增感屏Gd₂O₂S:Tb(GOS)内的散射和吸收事件,得到磷光增感屏内不同位置处的可见光收集效率.利用MCNP程序模拟X射线束在磷光增感屏内的能量沉积分布,得到了金属-磷光增感屏总的点扩展函数(PSF).结果表明,在兆伏X射线成像系统中,使用小颗粒尺寸和高堆积密度的GOS磷光屏,可以改善增感屏系统的空间分辨率.     

Efficient source of single photons: a single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity

We have demonstrated efficient production of triggered single photons by coupling a single semiconductor quantum dot to a three-dimensionally confined optical mode in a micropost microcavity. The efficiency of emitting single photons into a single-mode traveling wave is approximately 38%, which is nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than for a quantum dot in bulk semiconductor material. At the same time, the probability of having more than one photon in a given pulse is reduced by a factor of 7 as compared to light with Poissonian photon statistics.     

Implementtion of a Computation Algorithm for Deutsch-Jozsa Problem Utilizing Spatial Distribution of Photons

Several implementations of quantum computation making effective use of the quantum behavior of single-photons have been explored. These implementing methods were found unsuitble for large-scale computation, because they require 2^N-1 optical paths to represent N qubits. In this paper, a new computing scheme is described which utilizes spatial distribution of photons. The occupation of several optical paths by single-photons is adopted as qubits. This adoption gives several extension of processing capacity and computational functionality with a simple setup. An optical implementation of a solution algorithm on four-bit Deutsch-Jozsa problem is demonstrated with utilization of the spatial distribution of photons.     

On the production of photon-anticorrelation effects in a degenerate parametric amplifier by means of partially coherent light fields

In order to obtain anticorrelated photons by means of nonlinear optical interactions, e.g., in an optical parametric amplifier, the incident light fields have to fulfill stringent criteria, which are calculated in the present paper. It is found that light fields with anticorrelated photons can only be obtained if the relative intensity fluctuations of the pump field are smaller than 2.5×10^–3.     

Scheme for Implementing Quantum Dense Coding with χ-Type Entangled States in Optical Systems

A novel scheme for realizing dense coding with χ-type entangled states in linear optical system is proposed. In this protocol, Alice encodes her classical information on photons by linear optical elements and sends these photons to Bob. Then Bob performs a sequent single-qubit measurement on all photons in the χ-type entangled state by employing linear optical elements. According to the outcomes of his measurement, Bob can determine what operation Alice performed. The scheme is based on linear optical elements, which is feasible with existing experimental technology.     

Multipulse regimes of excitation of optical superradiance due to a two-photon transition

Multimode triggered optical superradiance due to a two-photon transition is theoretically studied. Kinetic equations are derived for the dynamics of cooperative development of coherence and population inversion of optical centers interacting with each other through a common field of emitted photons. Various regimes of triggering of optical superradiance due to a two-photon transition are considered. The possibility of creating a quantum photomultiplier on the basis of the triggered optical superradiance is discussed.     

Long distance quantum teleportation in a quantum relay configuration

A long distance quantum teleportation experiment with a fiber-delayed Bell state measurement (BSM) is reported. The source creating the qubits to be teleported and the source creating the necessary entangled state are connected to the beam splitter realizing the BSM by two 2 km long optical fibers. In addition, the teleported qubits are analyzed after 2.2 km of optical fiber, in another laboratory separated by 55 m. Time-bin qubits carried by photons at 1310 nm are teleported onto photons at 1550 nm. The fidelity is of 77%, above the maximal value obtainable without entanglement. This is the first realization of an elementary quantum relay over significant distances, which will allow an increase in the range of quantum communication and quantum key distribution.     

Polarized optical coherence imaging in turbid media by use of a Zeeman laser

A method that uses a Zeeman laser in conjunction with a Glan-Thompson analyzer to image an object in a turbid medium is proposed. A heterodyne signal is generated only when the scattering photons are partially polarized, and the spatial coherence is not seriously degraded after the signal propagates in the turbid medium. A system combining polarization discrimination with optical coherence detection to image the object in a scattering medium is successfully demonstrated. The medium is a solution of polystyrene microspheres measuring 1.072 mum in diameter suspended in distilled water contained in a 10-mm-thick quartz cuvette. The advantages of this optical system, including better selectivity of the weak partially polarized scattering photons and better imaging ability in higher-scattering media, are discussed.     

Quantum correlations in optics

In many nonlinear optical problems, for example in down-conversion and four-wave mixing, the photons are generated in pairs. The strong correlation between the photons in a pair, characterized by either the correlations between operators corresponding to observables associated with individual photons, or the correlated state describing the two photons, may lead to various nonclassicalities. We discuss some of these nonclassical effects and their experimental demonstrations in nonlinear optical processes     

Remote Preparation of Photon Polarization States within a Network

We propose a new linear optical protocol for remote state preparation （RSP） between two parties under control of a number of controllers in terms of optical elements. The realization of this protocol is appealing due to the fact that the quantum state of light is robust against the decoherence, and photons are ideal carriers for transmitting quantum information over long distances.     

Imaging Transparent Objects in a Turbid Medium Using a Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate

A femtosecond optical Kerr gate time-gated ballistic imaging method is demonstrated to image a transparent object in a turbid medium. The shape features of the object are obtained by time-resolved selection of the ballistic photons with different optical path lengths, the thickness distribution of the object is mapped, and the maximum is less than 3.6%. This time-resolved ballistic imaging has potential applications in studying properties of the liquid core in the near field of the fuel spray.