数字机械抖动控制的一种改进方案及噪声注入方法

数字机械抖动控制是机抖激光陀螺小型化发展的关键技术,有必要对其进行详细探讨。与模拟机械抖动电路的正弦波驱动方式不同,数字机械抖动电路采用方波驱动方式,具有其特殊性,本文主要关注数字机械抖动控制系统的两大关键问题,抖动效率问题和随机噪声注入问题。首先,在介绍抖动机构传递函数的基础上,分析了数字抖动控制原理,指出由于附加相位导致谐振频率偏离进而影响抖动效率的问题,基于此提出了通过移相来保证高抖动效率的方法;文中还关注数字抖动系统注入随机噪声的方法,经过计算,指出了向数字抖动控制系统注入抖动随机噪声的特殊性,并给出了一种利用软件对随机数进行处理以注入随机噪声的方法。实验结果表明,经过改进的数字机抖控制回路能够保证陀螺抖动在谐振点且抖动效率提高30%,同时采用新方法注入的抖动随机噪声保证陀螺消除动态闭锁误差。     

机抖激光陀螺方波驱动方式的谐波分析

针对方波驱动方式下机械抖动激光陀螺抖动幅度控制的问题,对机抖陀螺抖动的稳态幅度和驱动信号的维持时间之间的关系进行了研究。分析了某型机抖激光陀螺抖动机构的工作特性,通过谐波分析法证明了方波驱动波形在驱动效果上可以近似的由其一次谐波来等效进行分析,得出了方波驱动方式下抖动稳态幅度与方波驱动信号维持时间之间满足正弦函数关系的结论。分析了某型机抖激光陀螺实际驱动信号波形,证明了实际情况下上述结论的有效性;通过仿真对文中的结论进行了验证。     

二频机抖激光捷联系统结构振动分析

二频机抖激光捷联系统中三个激光陀螺抖动会引起惯性器件的耦合振动,产生系统抖动耦合误差,导致惯导系统导航精度下降。二频机抖激光陀螺捷联惯导系统机械结构较为复杂,很难通过解析法求解其振动特性。作者采用有限元方法对二频机抖激光陀螺进行了正弦信号驱动下的瞬态响应分析,并在正弦信号中加入了抖动随机信号,实现了机抖激光陀螺工作状态的仿真。此外,还对二频机抖激光捷联系统的振动特性进行了瞬态响应分析,掌握了系统的耦合振动情况,并进行了功率谱分析。这为激光捷联系统的频率搭配最优化提供了分析方法,对高精度二频机抖激光捷联系统的设计有重要意义。     

小波滤波在单轴机抖激光陀螺输出信号处理中的应用

单轴机抖激光陀螺仪采用抖动偏频方案消除闭锁,于是陀螺输出信号中不仅包括外界输入的有用角速率信息,也包含了抖动信号和各种高频噪声,应用之前必须有效地去除抖动信号和各种高频噪声.本文采用小波阈值滤波方法对某型单轴激光陀螺输出信号进行了处理,选用Daubechies小波函数作为小波基,以强制消噪的方法,分别用db8,db6,db4小波和不同的小波分解层数对信号进行了滤波,发现采用db4小波对机抖激光陀螺输出信号的滤波效果最优,为工程应用打下了基础.     

机抖激光陀螺动力学特性研究

在构建激光陀螺捷联系统时,三个激光陀螺安装在同一个基座上.由于三个陀螺振子都在进行高频角振动,激励基座产生耦合振动,造成陀螺是在振动基座环境下工作,引起激光捷联系统的抖动耦合误差,导致系统导航精度下降.采用有限元方法研究了机抖激光陀螺的动力学特性和振动模态,以及机抖激光陀螺的振子抖动对基座的影响和外界激励条件下陀螺的响应.通过压电陶瓷激励下陀螺的频率响应分析,实现了激光陀螺工作状态下的动力学仿真,可以获得陀螺工作时激光陀螺任意位置的动力学响应信息,从而为激光陀螺和基座的结构设计提供评判依据,也为分析激光捷联系统的抖动耦合误差开辟了新途径.     

机抖温度特性对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响

机抖机构是一个工作于谐振状态的精密机电元件,当环境温度发生变化时,机抖的抖动偏频量将发生变化,这将引起角度随机游走误差的变化,并导致激光陀螺的零偏稳定性变差。本文推导了机械抖动激光陀螺的抖动速率与激光陀螺输出误差的关系表达式,提出了均方意义下的等抖动速率控制保持激光陀螺零偏稳定性的方法,并且通过实验具体研究了电磁式机械抖动装置的温度特性及其对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响。仿真实验与实测数据结果表明:在全温度范围内保持机抖机构抖动速率的一致性能有效地提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性。     

二频机抖激光陀螺抖动动力学模型

以国产某型二频机抖激光陀螺为对象，采用有限元方法，求得激光陀螺各个方向上的刚度系数和耦合刚度系数，建立陀螺的抖动动力学模型，分析了陀螺的幅频特性。对动力学模型中求得的各个方向上的固有模态进行了验证，证明了激光陀螺抖动动力学模型的正确性。     

激光陀螺捷联惯导减振系统动力学建模与仿真

由于激光陀螺固有机抖频率的存在,以及导弹运输、装卸、发射与飞行过程经历的动态环境中振动、冲击、过载等激励,导致激光陀螺在导弹上使用输出精度差。应用多体系统传递矩阵法,建立了激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振多体系统动力学模型,分析激光陀螺固有抖动和导弹振动冲击对激光陀螺输出精度的影响。通过对减振系统动力学模型进行仿真,获得了激光陀螺抖动和导弹冲击环境下激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振系统动态响应。该仿真结果为激光陀螺捷联惯性测量组合减振设计提供理论依据,该分析方法为激光陀螺捷联惯组在导弹上应用提供理论基础。     

激光陀螺POS惯性数据滤波及时延补偿

激光陀螺作为位置姿态测量系统(POS)的核心传感器,其精度直接决定激光陀螺POS系统精度,围绕机抖激光陀螺信号去噪的需求,基于FIR滤波器建模的方法,设计了FIR数字低通滤波器;针对滤波器导致的信号延迟问题,根据FIR数字滤波器群延迟特性建模,提出了激光陀螺POS数据时延补偿方法。静态实验结果表明,设计的FIR数字低通滤波器降低了激光陀螺抖动噪声功率达80dB。进一步通过飞行实验表明,提出的方法降低了激光陀螺POS系统姿态角误差,与POS/AV510相比航向角误差由0.017°降低到0.01°,俯仰角误差由0.007°降低到0.005°,横滚角误差由0.016°降低到0.005°,满足了机载InSAR对激光陀螺POS精度要求。     

机抖式激光陀螺基础振动消除研究

针对机抖式激光陀螺基础振动对测量精度影响相当严重的问题，通过理论推导和分析，并考虑实际应用中可能会带来的问题，提出了一种机抖式激光陀螺基础振动消除的原理。通过不同参数的选择，指出抖动参数的合理选择可使基础抖动力更小，重量更轻，并且易于加工，有利于系统的小型化。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.