Adaptive iterative multiscale finite volume method

The multiscale finite volume (MSFV) method is a computationally efficient numerical method for the solution of elliptic and parabolic problems with heterogeneous coefficients. It has been shown for a wide range of test cases that the MSFV results are in close agreement with those obtained with a classical (computationally expensive) technique. The method, however, fails to give accurate results for highly anisotropic heterogeneous problems due to weak localization assumptions. Recently, a convergent iterative MSFV (i-MSFV) method was developed to enhance the quality of the multiscale results by improving the localization conditions. Although the i-MSFV method proved to be efficient for most practical problems, it is still favorable to improve the localization condition adaptively, i.e. only for a sub-domain where the original MSFV localization conditions are not acceptable, e.g. near shale layers and long coherent structures with high permeability contrasts. In this paper, a space–time adaptive i-MSFV (ai-MSFV) method is introduced. It is shown how to improve the MSFV results adaptively in space and simulation time. The fine-scale smoother, which is necessary for convergence of the i-MSFV method, is also applied locally. Finally, for multiphase flow problems, two criteria are investigated for adaptively updating the MSFV interpolation functions: (1) a criterion based on the total mobility change for the transient coefficients and (2) a criterion based on the pressure equation residual for the accuracy of the results. For various challenging test cases it is demonstrated that iterations in order to obtain accurate results even for highly anisotropic heterogeneous problems are required only in small sub-domains and not everywhere. The findings show that the error introduced in the MSFV framework can be controlled and improved very efficiently with very little additional computational cost compared to the original, non-iterative MSFV method.     

Multiscale finite-volume method for parabolic problems arising from compressible multiphase flow in porous media

The multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) method was originally developed for the solution of heterogeneous elliptic problems with reduced computational cost. Recently, some extensions of this method for parabolic problems have been proposed. These extensions proved effective for many cases, however, they are neither general nor completely satisfactory. For instance, they are not suitable for correctly capturing the transient behavior described by the parabolic pressure equation. In this paper, we present a general multiscale finite-volume method for parabolic problems arising, for example, from compressible multiphase flow in porous media. Opposed to previous methods, here, the basis and correction functions are solutions of full parabolic governing equations in localized domains. At the same time, to enhance the computational efficiency of the scheme, the basis functions are kept pressure independent and do not have to be recalculated as pressure evolves. This general approach requires no additional assumptions and its good efficiency and high accuracy is demonstrated for various challenging test cases. Finally, to improve the quality of the results and also to extend the scheme for highly anisotropic heterogeneous problems, it is combined with the iterative MSFV (i-MSFV) method for parabolic problems. As one iterates, the i-MSFV solutions of compressible multiphase problems (parabolic problems) converge to the corresponding fine-scale reference solutions in the same way as demonstrated recently for incompressible cases (elliptic problems). Therefore, the proposed MSFV method can also be regarded as an efficient linear solver for parabolic problems and studies of its efficiency are presented for many test cases.     

Adaptive multiscale finite-volume method for nonlinear multiphase transport in heterogeneous formations

In the previous multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) method, an efficient and accurate multiscale approach was proposed to solve the elliptic flow equation. The reconstructed fine-scale velocity field was then used to solve the nonlinear hyperbolic transport equation for the fine-scale saturations using an overlapping Schwarz scheme. A coarse-scale system for the transport equations was not derived because of the hyperbolic character of the governing equations and intricate nonlinear interactions between the saturation field and the underlying heterogeneous permeability distribution. In this paper, we describe a sequential implicit multiscale finite-volume framework for coupled flow and transport with general prolongation and restriction operations for both pressure and saturation, in which three adaptive prolongation operators for the saturation are used. In regions with rapid pressure and saturation changes, the original approach, with full reconstruction of the velocity field and overlapping Schwarz, is used to compute the saturations. In regions where the temporal changes in velocity or saturation can be represented by asymptotic linear approximations, two additional approximate prolongation operators are proposed. The efficiency and accuracy are evaluated for two-phase incompressible flow in two- and three-dimensional domains. The new adaptive algorithm is tested using various models with homogeneous and heterogeneous permeabilities. It is demonstrated that the multiscale results with the adaptive transport calculation are in excellent agreement with the fine-scale solutions. Furthermore, the adaptive multiscale scheme of flow and transport is much more computationally efficient compared with the previous MSFV method and conventional fine-scale reservoir simulation methods.     

使用混合网格计算非达西渗流

针对垂直裂缝井的特殊流动模式,从非达西定律出发,建立二维平面的非达西渗流方程.通过建立一组无量纲量,最终得到无量纲的渗流方程及其定解条件.假定外边界为圆形,用PEBI网格及混合网格对求解区域进行网格划分,用有限差分法对无量纲的方程进行离散,最终得到垂直裂缝井的井底压力数值解.根据此数值解并考虑井筒存储和表皮因子的影响,得到真实垂直裂缝井的井底压力.对计算结果的分析表明,使用混合网格求解非达西渗流井底压力相当准确,该方法也适用于水平井等更复杂井型及复杂边界的问题求解.     

地层渗透参数反演计算

利用渗流源网格压力(及井底压力)对网格渗透率导数关系(称为渗透率压力场敏感系数)实现由三维渗流方程压强数值解计算井底压力对网格渗透参数导数的计算.基于渗透率压力场敏感系数的计算结果构造地层渗透参数反演方程,由多井系统井压监测数据实现反演地层渗透参数的计算.算例显示:反演方法对均匀(或分块均匀)油藏模型的计算取得了较好的结果,反演迭代10次后计算结果与模型参数的最大相对误差收敛于1%之内.该方法对油藏动态模拟研究及实现油藏参数动态跟踪具有实际意义.     

聚合物驱两相流试井参数敏感性

考虑油水两相、生产历史、油藏平面非均质性、井筒储存和表皮效应等因素,建立了生产历史阶段聚合物驱数学模型和不稳定试井阶段的流线模型,用流管法对解释模型进行了数值求解.研究表明:随着油水粘度比的增大,压力及压力导数曲线向上平移,随着生产时间的增加,储层的有效渗透率降低,当高渗透条带沿主流线方向分布时,注水井压降导数曲线反映不出油水前缘的影响,而随着聚合物注入浓度的增大,压力导数曲线下凹出现的越来越早.     

孔隙度数值反演计算

由渗流微分方程定解问题和Peaceman方程给出了网格压力、井底压力对网格孔隙度的导数,利用三维渗流方程压强数值解计算井底压力对网格孔隙度的导数;采用共轭梯度法实现孔隙度均匀(或分块均匀)分布油藏模型的反演计算.算例表明,经过8~10次迭代后反演结果与真值的最大相对误差在0.03%以内,反演收敛于真值.     

深层高温高压气井临界产量计算模型

基于热膨胀效应和环空体积变化效应这两种环空带压机理,结合气井生产过程中井筒温度-压力分布计算方法,考虑油层套管和油管的许可压力值,建立一个深层高温高压气井临界产量计算模型.运用迭代法求解模型,编制相关程序.结果表明:环空压力与主要受温度的影响,气井产量越高,井口温度越高,环空压力越大,油套管安全系数越低,因此需要考虑管柱安全性确定临界流量.利用新疆某深层高温高压气井的实际数据进行实例计算,结果可为深层高温高压气井的合理配产提供依据.     

Collective Grain Interaction I. New Paradigm for Plasma Crystal Formation

The concept of collective grain interaction in complex plasmas is developed for large non‐linearity in grain screening. It is shown that for the case where the characteristic collective radius exceeds the non‐linear screening radius the collective interactions can fully determine the non‐linear collective attraction well. Based on the physics of collective non‐linear grain attraction a new paradigm for plasma crystal formation is formulated according to which the plasma crystal formation is related with localization of grains in non‐linear collective attraction wells. Nonlinearity in screening is an important feature of new paradigm and takes into account that the grain charges are large in accordance with most experiments where the plasma crystals where observed. The physical consequence of large non‐linearity is the presence of relative large potential well at distances only several times larger then the non‐linear screening radius. The calculated location of the potential well is of the order of the observed inter‐grain distances in plasma crystals and the deepness of the potential well is close to observed temperature of phase transition. The new paradigm considers formation of plasma crystal as result of grain trapping in the collective non‐linear potential well. The grain interactions close to the position of the potential well are in this paradigm relatively weak contrary to previous paradigm relating the plasma crystal formation with strong grain interactions. This new approach opens the possibility for direct calculation of the deepness of the attraction collective well, the critical value of the coupling constant. Results of these calculations show a reasonable agreement with both the observations of crystals in low pressure high‐frequency discharges and in large pressure discharges. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

注蒸汽井井筒内参数计算新模型

从动量定理角度出发建立求解蒸汽压降方程,而从能量守恒角度出发建立求解蒸汽干度变化的方程,采用节点分析方法和数值计算方法对模型求解.计算过程中借鉴传统的气液两相流Beggs-Brill方法计算水蒸汽混合物的物性参数.通过对辽河油田齐40块和杜80块10口井井筒的压力、温度和干度分布计算表明该模型计算精度较高.     

混合井网条件下加密井产能计算模型及应用

对于以直井、水平井混合井网开采的油藏,后期加密的水平生产井产能计算应综合考虑其他油水井的干扰.基于镜像反映原理与微元线汇理论,建立任意混合井网条件下加密水平井稳态产能计算半解析模型,考虑混合井网内部其他油水井干扰及井筒内由于井壁摩擦与流体加速度造成的压力降对加密水平井产能的影响,适用于任意混合井网条件下(井型任意性、井数目任意性、井位任意性)加密水平井产能计算.     

(CdZnTe,ZnSeTe)/ZnTe复合量子阱中激子隧穿过程

设计了(CdZnTe,ZnSeTe)/ZnTe复合量子阱结构,并用吸收光谱、室温光致发光谱和飞秒脉冲抽运-探测方法研究了该复合结构中的激子隧穿过程.分别测量了该结构中CdZnTe/ZnTe量子阱层和ZnSeTe/ZnTe量子阱层中激子衰减时间.观察到从CdZnTe/ZnTe量子阱层向ZnSeTe/ZnTe量子阱层的快速激子隧穿,隧穿时间为5.5ps. 关键词： (CdZnTe ZnSeTe)/ZnTe复合量子阱 激子 隧穿 抽运-探测     

Complex Classical Mechanics of a QES Potential

We study a combined parity (P) and time reversal (T) invariant non-Hermitian quasi-exactly solvable (QES) potential, which exhibits PT phase transition, in the complex plane classically to demonstrate different quantum effects. The particle with real energy makes closed orbits around one of the periodic wells of the complex potential depending on the initial condition. However interestingly the particle escapes to an open orbits even with real energy if it is placed beyond a certain distance from the center of the well. On the other hand when the particle energy is complex the trajectory is open and the particle tunnels back and forth between two wells which are separated by a classically forbidden path. The tunneling time is calculated for different pair of wells and is shown to vary inversely with the imaginary component of energy. Our study reveals that spontaneous PT symmetry breaking does not affect the qualitative features of the particle trajectories in the analogous complex classical model.     

Complex Classical Mechanics of a QES Potential

We study a combined parity(P) and time reversal(T) invariant non-Hermitian quasi-exactly solvable(QES) potential, which exhibits PT phase transition, in the complex plane classically to demonstrate different quantum effects. The particle with real energy makes closed orbits around one of the periodic wells of the complex potential depending on the initial condition. However interestingly the particle escapes to an open orbits even with real energy if it is placed beyond a certain distance from the center of the well. On the other hand when the particle energy is complex the trajectory is open and the particle tunnels back and forth between two wells which are separated by a classically forbidden path. The tunneling time is calculated for different pair of wells and is shown to vary inversely with the imaginary component of energy. Our study reveals that spontaneous PT symmetry breaking does not affect the qualitative features of the particle trajectories in the analogous complex classical model.     

Radon in well waters in the Kraków area

The method and the results of radon concentration measurements in water samples are presented. Since May 2000, measurements of radon concentration in well waters in the Kraków area have been carried out--both in urban wells (depth above 50 meters) and in other private wells (depth of several meters). The ionisation chamber AlphaGUARD PQ 2000PRO along with the additional special equipment AquaKIT were used for determination of radon concentration in water samples. A total of 45 wells were examined for radon concentration in water--19 urban wells, 21 private ones (from Nowa Huta, Ojcowska, Wola Justowska area--parts of Kraków) and 5 mineral water sources. Wola Justowska is a region where tectonics faults occur and radon can easily migrate from deep basement structure. All the obtained values of radon concentration are below 12 Bq/l. These preliminary results do not show a direct correlation between geological structure and radon concentration in water samples. However, further investigation is needed and is planned to be undertaken.     

Self-consistent Hartree method for calculations of exciton binding energy in quantum wells

A new computationally efficient and flexible approach to calculating characteristics of excitons in quantum wells based on a self-consistent variational treatment of the electron–hole Coulomb interaction is developed. It is applied to several different quantum well materials and is shown to give much better (lower) values of exciton energies. The iterative scheme used to calculate the energies and respective wave functions is stable and rapidly convergent. The authors believe that the method can be an important computational tool in computing exciton characteristics in shallow quantum wells exceeding currently existing approaches in accuracy and efficiency. The method can also be naturally generalized for quantum wires and dots.     

A method for water well regeneration based on shock waves and ultrasound

The regeneration of water wells is an urgent problem nowadays, when drilling of new wells becomes more and more expensive. Formation damage leads to a reduction of the formation's permeability and/or pore volume which in turn inhibits the ability of the water to flow from the reservoir formation into the wellbore. A new technology that uses high-power ultrasound to remove formation damage of water wells has been developed. The effectiveness of regeneration of wells can be enhanced if ultrasound and shockwaves are used during the same treatment. It was shown by computer modelling, that the two methods have different depths of impact. Whereas the ultrasonic method has a strong impact on the area of the filter tube, the impact of the shock waves is focused on the gavel pack, the wall of the well and the adjacent aquifer. A shockwave treatment, which is normally more effective due to larger impact zone, needs to be followed by ultrasonic treatment in order to facilitate the removal of the detached deposits. These theoretical assumptions were confirmed by field tests on two wells. The use of the method leaded to an increase of the production by 40% and 109% respectively.     

Photoluminescence of InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer quantum well structures under high pressure

Abstract

Measurements of the photoluminescence (PL) of strained In_0.2Ga_0.8As/GaAs and In_0.15Ga_0.85As/GaAs quantum well structures together with the PL from bulk GaAs, in a diamond anvil cell show that the pressure coefficient of the ground confined state in the wells depends upon well width (L_Z). In the thinnest wells, the coefficient is closer to that of the bulk GaAs (10.7 meV/kbar), as expected. However, in the widest wells the coefficients tend to values (9.5meV/kbar for the 15% alloy and 9.1meV/kbar for the 20% alloy) that are significantly lower than the pressure coefficient of unstrained In_0.53Ga_0.47As (10.9meV/kbar). It is found that the low pressure coefficients can not be explained by the change in uniaxial stress with pressure due to a difference in bulk moduli between the barrier and well.     

侧钻井压力分析的边界元法及储层伤害的评价

随着侧钻井的增加,非均质油藏侧钻井的压力动态特征和对储层伤害进行评价已变得越来越重要了。为了研究在非均质油藏中侧钻井的压力动态,建立了三维非均质油藏侧钻井的不稳定渗流数学模型。用边界元方法求得模型的解并分析了压力动态特征。通过拟表皮系数、无因次污染半径、无因次井筒储积系数和污染区渗透率等参数的合理组合,绘制了能用于侧钻井储层伤害评价的典型曲线。并对辽河油田某侧钻井的压力恢复试井数据进行了拟合。     

InxGa1-xAs-GaAs应变层量子阱结构的流体静压光荧光研究

本文报道了对分子束外延(MBE)生长的In_0.25Ga_0.75As-GaAs应变层量子阱结构在77K下的压力光荧光(PL)研究的结果。流体静压力从0到50kbar.,给出了In_0.25Ga_0.75As-GaAs应变层量子阱的Γ谷压力系数,实验观察到了量子阱中能级与势垒GaAs中X谷的能级交叉。通过对其压力行为的分析,给出了In_0.25Ga_0.75As-GaAs异质结的导带与价带跃变比:Q_c=△E_c:△E_v=0.68:0.32。对(InGa)As-GaAs应变量子阱常压下的理论分析与实验符合很好。本文也对Al_0.3Ga_0.70As-GaAs量子阱进行了讨论。 关键词：