Thermophysical study of 1,4-dioxane with cycloalkane mixtures

Densities, refractive indices, and surface tension for the binary mixtures 1,4-dioxane with cyclopentane or cylohexane have been determined at ambient pressure and at T = (283.15, 298.15, and 313.15) K. Excess volumes and refractive index and surface tension deviations have been calculated from the experimental data. Several relations between the thermophysical properties studied here have been tested using our experimental results.     

Experimental and theoretical study of surface tension of n-pentane,n-heptane,and some of their mixtures at different temperatures

The surface tension of n-pentane, n-heptane and some of their mixtures were measured at 91.3 kPa and T = (283.15 to 323.15) K by the maximum bubble pressure method. The surface tension results were correlated by a new model obtained from coupling scaled particle theory (SPT) and the MMM equation of state. The parameters of the model (SPTM3) for n-pentane and n-heptane were calculated and reported. The pure component parameters obtained for the model were used for calculating the surface tension of n-pentane and n-heptane binary mixtures at different temperatures. The comparison between the mixture surface tension results and those calculated by the model indicate that the new proposed model can be satisfactorily used for calculating the surface tension of n-pentane, n-heptane and their mixtures.     

Volumetric and surface properties of pure ionic liquid n-octyl-pyridinium nitrate and its binary mixture with alcohol

The density and surface tension for pure ionic liquid N-octyl-pyridinium nitrate were measured from (293.15 to 328.15) K. The coefficient of thermal expansion, molecular volume, standard entropies, and lattice energy were calculated from the experimental density values. The critical temperature, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, and enthalpy of vaporization were also studied from the experimental surface tension results. Density and surface tension were also determined for binary mixtures of (N-octyl-pyridinium nitrate + alcohol) (methanol, ethanol, and 1-butanol) systems over the whole composition range at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes and surface tension deviations for the binary systems have been calculated and were fitted to a Redlich–Kister equation to determine the fitting parameters and the root mean square deviations. The partial molar volume, excess partial molar volume, and apparent molar volume of the component IL and alcohol in the binary mixtures were also discussed.     

Surface tension of non-ideal binary and ternary liquid mixtures at various temperatures and p = 81.5 kPa

Experimental surface tensions for binary mixtures (1,2-ethandiol + water), (1,2-ethandiol + acetonitrile), and (acetonitrile + water) at temperatures of 283.15 K, 298.15 K, and 308.15 K and the ternary mixture (1,2-ethandiol/water/acetonitrile) at 298.15 K have been measured with the Du Noüy ring tensiometer. The surface tension of the above mentioned binary and ternary systems were correlated with empirical and thermodynamic based models. The methods of Pando et al. and Ku et al. were used to correlate the ternary surface tension data. The Fu et al., Kalies et al. and Wang et al. models were also applied to predict surface tension in the ternary system. The mean average absolute deviations obtained from the comparison of experimental and calculated surface tension values for ternary system with three models are less than 2.4%, which leads to concluding that these models show a good accuracy in different situations in comparison with other predictive equations.     

Relative permittivity of the binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol with diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol,tetraethylene glycol,and polyethylene glycol 200 at various temperatures

Relative permittivities at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K in the binary liquid mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 200 have been measured over the entire mixture compositions. The relative permittivity deviations (Δε) were calculated from these experimental data. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.     

Excess molar volumes and deviations of the relative permittivity of the binary mixtures of 2-propoxyethanol with diethylene,triethylene, and tetraethylene glycols at various temperatures

Densities and relative permittivities at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K in the binary liquid mixtures of 2-propoxyethanol with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol have been measured over the entire mixture compositions. These data have been used to compute the excess molar volumes and deviations of the relative permittivity. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions in the bulk of studied the binary mixtures.     

Properties of n-butylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid and its binary mixtures with water

The density and surface tension of the pure ionic liquid n-butylpyridinium nitrate ([BuPy]NO₃) were determined at temperature range from T = (293.15 to 338.15) K. The coefficient of thermal expansion, molecular volume and lattice energy of [BuPy]NO₃ were calculated from the experimental values of density. The surface entropy and enthalpy of [BuPy]NO₃ were investigated. The IL studied show much lower surface enthalpy and lattice energy in comparison with fused salts. The densities and surface tensions of binary mixtures of [BuPy]NO₃ with water have been measured within the whole composition range at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes V^E and surface tension deviations δγ were then deduced from the experimental results as well as partial molar volumes and excess partial molar volumes. Excess molar volumes have a negative deviation from ideal behavior and the surface tension deviations are negative over the whole compositions range. V^E and δγ were correlated with suitable equation respectively.     

Viscosity,density, and speed of sound of methylcyclopentane with primary and secondary alcohols at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K

Viscosities, densities, and speed of sound have been measured over the whole composition range for (methylcyclopentane with ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, and 2-pentanol) at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K and atmospheric pressure along with the properties of the pure components. Excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility, deviations in isentropic compressibility, and viscosity deviations for the binary systems at the above-mentioned temperatures were calculated and fitted to Redlich–Kister equation to determine the fitting parameters and the root-mean square deviations. UNIQUAC equation was used to correlate the experimental data. Dynamic viscosities of the binary mixtures have been predicted using UNIFAC-VISCO and ASOG-VISCO methods.     

Isothermal (vapour + liquid) equilibrium and thermophysical properties for (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide + 1-butanol) binary system

Experimental isothermal (vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data are reported for the binary mixture containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([bmim]I) + 1-butanol at three temperatures: (353.15, 363.15, and 373.15) K, in the range of 0 to 0.22 liquid mole fraction of [bmim]I. Additionally, refractive index measurements have been performed at three temperatures: (293.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K in the whole composition range. Densities, excess molar volumes, surface tensions and surface tension deviations of the binary mixture were predicted by Lorenz–Lorentz (n_D-ρ) mixing rule. Dielectric permittivities and their deviations were evaluated by known equations. (Vapour + liquid) equilibrium data were correlated with Wilson thermodynamic model while refractive index data with the 3-parameters Redlich–Kister equation by means of maximum likelihood method. For the VLE data, the real vapour phase behaviour by virial equation of state was considered. The studied mixture presents S-shaped abatement from the ideality. Refractive index deviations, surface tension deviations and dielectric permittivity deviations are positive, while excess molar volumes are negative at all temperatures and on whole composition range. The VLE data may be used in separation processes design, and the thermophysical properties as key parameters in specific applications.     

Densities,viscosities, refractive indices,and surface tensions for binary and ternary mixtures of 2-propanol,tetrahydropyran, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and surface tensions of the ternary system (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) at T = 303.15 K and its constituent binary systems (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran, 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) at T = (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K were measured at atmospheric pressure. Densities were determined using a vibrating-tube densimeter. Viscosities were measured with an automatic microviscometer based on the rolling-ball principle. Refractive indexes were measured using a digital Abbe-type refractometer. Surface tensions were determined by the Wilhelmy-plate method. From these data, excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity, deviations in refractive index, and deviations in surface tension were calculated. The results for the binary and ternary systems were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation and the variable-degree polynomials in terms of compositions, respectively. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to study the nature of mixing behaviour between mixture components.     

Density and surface tension variation with temperature for n-nonane + 1-hexanol

New experimental densities and surface tensions for n-nonane + 1-hexanol at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K are reported. Densities were measured with an Anton Paar DMA 4500 densimeter, and surface tensions using a Lauda TVT2 automated tensiometer, which uses the principle of the pending drop volume. The experimental data of pure liquids and mixtures have been used to calculate excess molar volumes and surface tension deviations of n-nonane + 1-hexanol as a function of mole fractions. A comparative study of these properties together with those available in the literature for the n-alkane + 1-alkanol mixtures has been performed. In addition, the magnitude of these experimental quantities is discussed in terms of the nature and type of intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures.     

Density and surface tension of pure 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium l-lactate ionic liquid and its binary mixtures with water

The density and surface tension of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium l-lactate ([emim][l-lactate]) ionic liquid were determined from T = (283.15 to 333.15) K. The coefficients of thermal expansion were calculated from the experimental density results using an empirical correlation for T = (283.15 to 333.15) K. Molecular volume and standard entropies of the IL were calculated from the experimental density values. The surface properties of IL were investigated. The critical temperature and enthalpy of vaporization were also discussed. Density and surface tension have been measured over the whole composition range for {[emim][l-lactate] + water} binary systems at a temperature of 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes V^E and the surface tension deviations δγ have been determined.     

Density and surface tension of pure ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium l-lactate and its binary mixture with alcohol and water

The density and surface tension of the pure ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium l-lactate were measured from T (293.15 to 343.15) K. The coefficient of thermal expansion, molecular volume, standard entropy, lattice energy, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, and enthalpy of vaporization were calculated from the experimental values. Density and surface tension were also determined for binary mixtures of {1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium l-lactate + water/alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and 1-butanol)} systems over the whole composition range from T (298.15 to 318.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The partial molar volume, excess partial molar volume and apparent molar volume of the component IL and alcohol/water in the binary mixtures were discussed as well as limiting properties at infinite dilution and the thermal expansion coefficients of the four binary mixtures. The surface properties of the four binary mixtures were also discussed.     

Physical properties of the binary systems methylcyclopentane with ketones (acetone,butanone and 2-pentanone) at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K. New UNIFAC-VISCO interaction parameters

In this work, the physical properties, dynamic viscosities, densities, and speed of sound have been measured over the whole composition range and atmospheric pressure for the binary mixtures (methylcyclopentane with acetone, butanone, and 2-pentanone) at several temperatures T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K along with the properties of the pure components. Excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility, deviations in isentropic compressibility and viscosity deviation for the binary systems at the above-mentioned temperatures were calculated and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation to determine the fitting parameters and the root-mean-square deviations. The UNIQUAC equation was used to correlate the experimental viscosity data. The UNIFAC-VISCO method and ASOG-VISCO method, based on contribution groups, were used to predict the dynamic viscosities of the binary mixtures. The interaction parameters of cycloalkanes with ketones (CH_cy/CO) have been determined for their application in the predictive UNIFAC-VISCO method.     

Thermodynamic properties of (tetradecane + benzene, + toluene, + chlorobenzene, + bromobenzene, + anisole) binary mixtures at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K

Density ρ, viscosity η, and refractive index n_D, values for (tetradecane + benzene, + toluene, + chlorobenzene, + bromobenzene, + anisole) binary mixtures over the entire range of mole fraction have been measured at temperatures (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The speed of sound u has been measured at T = 298.15 K only. Using these data, excess molar volume V^E, deviations in viscosity Δη, Lorentz–Lorenz molar refraction ΔR, speed of sound Δu, and isentropic compressibility Δk_s have been calculated. These results have been fitted to the Redlich and Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary interaction parameters and standard deviations. Excess molar volumes have exhibited both positive and negative trends in many mixtures, depending upon the nature of the second component of the mixture. For the (tetradecane + chlorobenzene) binary mixture, an incipient inversion has been observed. Calculated thermodynamic quantities have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between mixing components.     

Surface tension,density, and speed of sound for the ternary mixture {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}

This paper reports the results of a new experimental study of thermophysical properties for the ternary mixture of {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}. Surface tension has been measured at 298.15 K and, density and speed of sound have been measured in the temperature range T = (288.15 to 308.15) K. Excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, and surface tension deviations, have been calculated from experimental data. Surface tension deviations have been correlated with Cibulka equation and Nagata and Tamura equation was used for the other excess properties. Good accuracy has been obtained. These excess magnitudes are discussed qualitatively in terms of the nature and type of intermolecular interactions of the components involved.     

Excess molar volume and viscosity study for the ternary system tetrahydrofuran (1) + 1-chlorobutane (2) + 2-butanol (3) at 283.15, 298.15 and 313.15 K

This work reports the measured density, ρ, and viscosity, η, values of liquid mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (1) + 1-chlorobutane (2) + 2-butanol (3) at temperatures of 283.15, 298.15 and 313.15 K over a range of mole fractions and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volume, V^E, viscosity deviations, Δη, and excess free energies of activation of viscous flow, ΔG^*E, have been calculated from experimental data and fitted to Cibulka, Singh et al. and Nagata and Sakura equations. The results were analyzed in terms of the molecular interaction between the components of the mixtures. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were predicted from binary contributions using geometrical solution models, Tsao and Smith; Jacob and Fitzner; Kholer; Rastogi et al.; Radojkovic et al. Finally, experimental results are compared with those obtained by applying group-contribution method proposed by Wu.     

Properties of pure 1-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid and its binary mixtures with alcohols

Densities and viscosities of the pure ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium acetate ([Mim]Ac) and its binary mixtures with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol were measured at temperature ranging from T = (293.15 to 313.15) K. The thermal expansion coefficient, molecular volume, standard entropy, and lattice energy of [Mim]Ac were deduced from the experimental density results. A simple linear equation was used to correlate the variation of viscosity of [Mim]Ac with temperature. Excess molar volumes V^E and viscosity deviations Δη for the binary mixtures at above mentioned temperature were calculated and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation with satisfactory results. Excess molar volumes for {[Mim]Ac + 1-butanol} mixture have an S shape, while those for other mixtures have a negative deviation from ideal behaviour over the entire mole fraction range. Viscosity deviations are all negative deviation for {[Mim]Ac + alcohol} mixtures. The results were interpreted in terms of interactions and structural factors of binary mixtures.     

Volumetric and refractive properties of binary mixtures containing 1,4-dioxane and chloroalkanes

Refractive index deviations, excess volumes, and molar refractions of binary mixtures containing 1,4-dioxane and 1-chloropropane or isomeric chlorobutanes have been calculated from experimental data of refractive indices and densities at temperatures of 298.15 K and 313.15 K. Results obtained have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and a comprehensive discussion has been provided. Excess volumes have been also correlated using Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera cubic equation of state and the relation between parameter b (covolume) from the equation of state and molar refraction has been verified. Refractive indices were compared with those predicted using the equation of state and several mixing rules.     

Viscosities of binary mixtures of some n-ethoxyethanols with ethyl tert-butyl ether at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K

Viscosities at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K in the binary mixtures of ethyl tert-butyl ether with 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, and 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol have been measured over the entire range of mixture compositions. From the experimental data, deviations in the viscosity (Δln η) and excess energies of activation for viscous flow (ΔG^1E) have been calculated. The viscosity data were correlated with equations of Hind et al., Grunberg and Nissan, Auslaender, and McAllister. The results for Δln η and ΔG^1E are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.