半导体复合CdS/TiO2催化剂改性及冷冻-光催化组合方法应用的初步研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔氧化钛,并耦合CdS,制备多孔耦合CdS/TiO₂催化剂.煅烧温度为700℃,CdS掺杂比例为3%时,催化剂性能较优.以太阳光为光源,考查了溴氨酸初始浓度对其降解效果的影响,并采用冷冻-光催化组合方法对较高浓度的溴氨酸废水的处理进行了初步研究.浓度为500 mg/L的溴氨酸模拟废水(其中氯化钠质量浓度为500 mg/L)经冷冻后,当成冰率为70%时,体系中冰层的Na⁺含量、总有机碳(TOC)和吸光度分别由209.88 mg/L,208.90 mg/L和8.120降至19.06 mg/L,24.80 mg/L和0.638.使用多孔耦合催化剂对该冰层融水光降解,光照6 h,褪色率和TOC去除率分别达到100%和87.04%.     

A Surfactant Concentration Model for the Systematic Determination of the Critical Micellar Concentration and the Transition Width

The critical micellar concentration (cmc) is a fundamental property of surfactant solutions. Many proposed methods for the definition and determination of the cmc from property-concentration plots yield values, which depend on the studied property, on the specific technique used for its analysis and in many cases on the subjective choice of the chosen type of plot and concentration interval. In this focus review, we revise the application of a surfactant concentration model we proposed earlier that defines the cmc directly based on the surfactant concentration. Known equations for the concentration-dependence of different surfactant properties can then be combined with this concentration model and fitted to experimental data. This modular concept makes it possible to determine the cmc and the transition width in a systematic and unambiguous way. We revise its use in the literature in different contexts: the determination of the cmc of surfactants and their mixtures from different properties (electrical conductivity, NMR chemical shift, self-diffusion, surface tension, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence correlation). We also revise the dependence of the width of the transition region on composition, detailed studies of the properties of fluorescent probes and the aggregation of non-surfactant systems, namely amyloid peptides.     

多元弱酸及两性物质逐级稳定常数的pH法测定和计算机优化算法

本文由ｐＨ滴定法原理导出多元弱酸及两性物质逐级稳定常数ｋ＿ｉ的计算公式。编辑了由Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ法确定初值，Ｈｏｏｋｅ－Ｊｅａｖｅｓ法精解的计算程序。由此算法测定了方酸及其衍生物的各级稳定常数。结果表明，该法实验简便，数值运算效率高，结果可靠     

Influence of Temperature and Concentration of Water on Lanthanum Nitrate Dissolution and Crystallization

The curves of heating and cooling crystalline lanthanum nitrate were registered and numerical differentiation was carried out. The first derivatives of kinetic curves expressed as the temperature function make it possible to carry out comparative studies of dissolution and crystallization. Superposition of relative water concentration scale on the third derivative of heating and cooling curves make the analysis of stoichiometry and mechanism of hydration changes possible in the solid phase and saturated solutions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Investigation of Quantitative Relationship between Adsorbed Amount of Solute and Solvent Concentration at Relatively High Solute Concentration by Frontal Analysis in RPLC

IntroductionManyfactors ,includingTraube’srule ,temperature ,solubilityofsolute ,inorganicsalt,thestructureofadsor bentandthenatureandconcentrationofthesolvent,affectsoluteadsorptioninaliquid solidsystem .1Amongthemsolventeffectsareofsignificance .Dispersionsofsilicaarestabilizedbyethanol.Itisreportedthatsolventfilmthick nessisgreatestinmixturesof 5 0percentethanolwithwa ter.2 TherepulsionbetweendispersedparticlesisabovetheeffectsfromthedoublelayerandvanderWaalsforces3andisattributedtostruc…     

基于主成分和支持向量机浓度参量同步荧光光谱油种鉴别

基于浓度参量同步荧光光谱技术,对不同溢油类型不同油源原油样品集、引入外扰相似油源样品集进行光谱数据采集,获取其浓度同步荧光光谱矩阵Concentration-Synchronous-Matrix-Fluorescence(CSMF),利用主成分分析方法对两套不同层次的原油相关样品集进行了多类分类识别。结果表明:主成分载荷图可以很好地反映各个原油相关样品在油源上的相似程度,结合支持向量机可以实现不同溢油类型及不同油源原油的准确分类,对于引入风化和海水外扰相似油源溢油样品集,两类分类区分的结果远远高于多类分类识别的结果。通过详细的主成分分析讨论,为溢油油种鉴别提供了一种利用多类分类识别,逐步缩减嫌疑样本数量,最后通过两两分类实现溢油样品准确识别的新思路。     

Convenient synthetic route to tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes via palladium‐catalyzed P–C coupling of aryl triflates and diphenylphosphine

A series of eight tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes (TPELs) has been successfully synthesized by polymerization of diphenylphosphine and bis(aryl triflate)s. The bis(aryl triflate)s are readily prepared from bisphenols, some of which are commodity feedstocks such as bisphenol A. The polymerization via palladium catalyzed P–C bond formation produces degrees of polymerization up to 65. All polymeric triflates have reasonable thermal stability in the range of 350–450 °C. The stability of the TPELs to alkaline solution is strongly depending on the spacer between adjacent phosphonium sites. Polymers with electron‐releasing and bulky substituent para‐ to the phosphonium site have improved stability while those with electron‐withdrawing substituent para‐ to phosphonium site have decreased alkaline stability due to decomposition via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway. These findings have important ramifications for the design of ionomers for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells and related electrochemical energy conversion devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 1984–1990