磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附性能研究

本文研究了磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、结晶紫浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。磁性石墨烯吸附结晶紫符合准二级动力学模型。不同温度下磁性石墨烯对结晶紫的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程(R20.99)、Freundlich方程(R20.97)以及D-R模型(R20.96)。吸附热力学计算结果表明该吸附过程的△G0,并且随着温度升高△G越来越小,表明该吸附反应是自发进行的吸热反应。     

离子液体萃取-分光光度法测定水中结晶紫

合成了离子液体六氟磷酸1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑[Bmim][PF_6],并以其为萃取剂,对结晶紫进行萃取。实验考察了溶液pH值、离子液体用量、盐的加入量、温度、共存离子等因素对结晶紫萃取率的影响。结果表明,溶液酸度在pH 3.2~6.0,在10.00 mL水中,离子液体加入量为0.40 mL时,离子液体对结晶紫的萃取率最大。结晶紫的质量浓度在0.1~2.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数R=0.9923。方法的检出限为0.02μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率在93.0%~96.6%之间。     

碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附研究

研究了碳纳米管对溶液中结晶紫的吸附性能,考察了溶液浓度、溶液p H、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对吸附行为的影响,初步探讨了碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附机理。结果表明,碳纳米管对结晶紫的吸附量随着溶液初始浓度的增大而升高;酸性条件有利于吸附的进行,最佳p H等于5;对结晶紫的吸附在3h达到平衡,吸附速率常数为779.76h-1;温度的变化对结晶紫的吸附量影响不大。通过Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对吸附进行拟合,平衡吸附量Qe与平衡质量浓度Ce之间的关系符合Freundlich等温吸附方程所描述的规律,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主。     

磁性碳纳米管对水中孔雀石绿的吸附性能研究

（1）以磁性碳纳米管吸附处理孔雀石绿溶液,考察了吸附剂用量、孔雀石绿浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,该吸附不受溶液pH值的影响,符合准二级动力学方程（R2＞0.999）。不同温度下,该吸附过程满足Langmuir方程（R2>0.97）和Freundlich方程（R2>0.98）,qmax、KF随温度升高而变大。D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附的机理是以化学吸附为主。热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程,温度越高越利于吸附的进行。     

化学-微波法制备高膨胀率膨胀蛭石及对亚甲基蓝的吸附机理

基于工业蛭石优异的热膨胀性及阳离子交换性,利用化学-微波法制备高膨胀率膨胀蛭石(HEV),采用对比分析法对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,HEV膨胀率高(膨胀率K=60倍),比表面积大(80 m^2·g^-1),孔径主要分布在2~5 nm之间,仍保持蛭石、水金云母和金云母的物相结构,阳离子交换容量由原样的0.835 mmol·g^-1增加到1.005 mmol·g^-1。HEV对MB的吸附容量受MB初始浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH和吸附温度影响。当MB溶液初始浓度为300 mg·L-1、吸附时间为240 min、溶液pH值为9、吸附温度为298 K时,吸附量为419.87 mg·g^-1,远高于蛭石原矿。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型与准二级动力学模型,为单分子层吸附和吸附势垒较低的自发无序吸热反应过程。HEV具有优异的阳离子交换性和吸附性,是一种具有开发价值的高效低成本吸附剂。     

磁性碳纳米管对水中孔雀绿的吸附性能研究

以磁性碳纳米管吸附处理孔雀绿溶液,考察了吸附剂用量、孔雀绿浓度以及温度等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,该吸附不受溶液p H的影响,符合准二级动力学方程(R20.999)。不同温度下,该吸附过程满足Langmuir方程(R20.97)和Freundlich方程(R20.98),qmax、KF随温度升高而变大。D-R等温方程拟合结果表明该吸附的机理是以化学吸附为主。热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一个熵增的自发吸热过程,温度越高越利于吸附的进行。     

介孔L材料CMK-3对甲基紫的吸附性能

合成了高度有序的具有二维六方(P6mm)结构的介孔碳材料CMK-3;利用X射线衍射分析了CMK-3的晶体结构,利用氮气吸脱附(BET)试验测定了孔体积;测定了CMK-3对水溶液中甲基紫的吸附行为,考察了不同pH、温度及浓度下水溶液中甲基紫的静态吸附行为,并分析了酸性、中性、碱性条件下吸附剂对甲基紫和罗丹明B混合溶液的竞...     

交联化羟丙基壳聚糖对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附与结构分析

研究了交联化羟丙基壳聚糖对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用,探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、温度、初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并且用FTIR、XRD和SEM对吸附前后物质进行了表征与结构分析。实验表明,pH是交联羟丙基壳聚糖吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的主要影响因素。在pH=5时,对Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为15mg/L的溶液,可控制温度在20℃左右吸附2h,吸附剂交联羟丙基壳聚糖用量为1g/100mL溶液即能达到满意的吸附效果。吸附后由于交联羟丙基壳聚糖与Cr(Ⅵ)的配位作用使得交联羟丙基壳聚糖的结晶性明显降低;Cr(Ⅵ)的配位使得交联羟丙基壳聚糖的表面形貌发生了改变。     

辉光放电等离子体处理阳离子染料结晶紫废水

用辉光放电等离子体技术对结晶紫进行了降解脱色处理,考察了多种因素对结晶紫降解效果的影响。实验发现,提高电解质浓度和增加电压均可提高结晶紫的脱色效果,考虑到电极损耗,辉光放电最佳条件为:电解质浓度为2 g/L Na2SO4,电压为600 V。当改变溶液的初始pH值时,结晶紫的脱色率随溶液的初始pH值升高而增加,加入一定量H2O2能明显地提高结晶紫的脱色效率;若加入0.4 mmol/L Fe2 ,5 min时结晶紫的脱色率由原来的13.64%增加到91.36%。结果表明,辉光放电产生的.OH对结晶紫的降解起重要作用。最佳条件下,40 min内的脱色率达到93%,降解率为74%。     

纳米TiO_2对去除水溶液中硒的吸附性能研究

研究了纳米TiO_2对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附行为,考察了不同吸附材料、吸附剂用量、溶液pH、吸附时间、温度等因素对吸附作用的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO_2对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附在3min基本达到平衡;pH为5.0时,Se(Ⅳ)可被纳米TiO_2定量吸附,吸附率接近97%;吸附过程符合二级动力学模式,吸附等温线数据能较好的用Lamgmuir和D-R等温模式描述,吸附热力学参数△H_θ.和△G~θ为负值,说明该吸附过程为自发的放热过程.     

焦粉基碳吸附材料对铜(Ⅱ)离子吸附特性

采用硝酸预氧化焦粉、氯化锌化学活化法制备了焦粉基碳吸附材料。 考察了焦粉基碳吸附材料对水中铜(Ⅱ)离子的吸附特性。 实验结果表明,焦粉基碳吸附材料吸附平衡时间90 min,该吸附过程符合Langmuir型吸附模型;不同温度下的ΔHθ＞0、ΔGθ＜0,证实其吸附过程是一个自发吸热过程;ΔSθ＞0,表明铜离子在固液界面有序性减小、混乱度增大。 对实验数据进行数学模型拟合,二级相关系数R2=0.999 1,显示吸附过程动力学与二级动力学模型相关性较好。     

EXCHANGE ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA OF AMMONIUM ON CATION-VERMICULITE MINERALS

Experiment was designed under different pH and temperature conditions to analysis the NH4+ exchange capacity of Na+-vermiculite, Ca2+-vermiculite and Mg2+-vermiculite clay minerals pre-treated using NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions respectively. The results indicated that the exchange reactions occurred most rapidly at the proceeding 80 minutes and approached to equilibrium by about 120 minutes. The exchange quantity of ammonium on the vermiculite (at initial ammonium concentration of 673mg/L ) varied with pH with a peak value of 28.36mg/g on Na+-vermiculite, 23.01mg/g on Ca2+-vermiculite, 20.14mg/g on Mg2+-vermiculite, 18.04mg/g on natural vermiculite at pH 7. The exchange and adsorption isotherm of NH4+ on cation-vermiculite can be described by Langmuir equation.     

Structure and Adsorption Properties to TVOC of Orange Peel Modified with KOH

Food waste orange peel was employed as a raw material to prepare biomass adsorbent to solve the indoor Total Volatile Organic Compounds(TVOC). The preparation process of orange peel treated with KOH was optimized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation, and the regression model and optimal processing conditions were obtained. The structure of the adsorbent was characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR analysis. The adsorption properties and desorption regeneration were discussed. The results showed the maximal removal rate Ymax was 9.4824% when KOH concentration was 0.3 mol/L, the soaking time of KOH was 26 h and that of HCl was 2.89 h. The best single factor condition was the adsorbent with 40 mesh size and 6.0 g. The adsorption of modified orange peel on TVOC conformed to the Freundlich models, which was more inclined to multi-layer active site adsorption. The adsorption law followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model(R~2 = 0.955), indicating the adsorption was a physico-chemical mixture but controlled by physical adsorption and it was a spontaneous endothermic process. The modified orange peel exposed more sites and had stronger chemical groups, which were beneficial to adsorption. The adsorbent has a significantly better TVOC removal rate than other materials at 1% level, that is, modified orange peel diatomite activated carbon bamboo charcoal macroporous resin. In addition, it had good recycling and regeneration capacity.     

Enthalpies of adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet to montmorillonite

Calorimetric measurements of the enthalpy of adsorption on montmorillonite indicate different patterns for methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV). The enthalpy of adsorption of MB is endothermic up to 73% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) (i.e., about 0.6 mmol g^-1 clay), whereas at higher adsorption ratios the adsorption reaction becomes exothermic. The enthalpy of adsorption of CV is exothermic for all amounts adsorbed. These results were confirmed with adsorption experiments that prove that adsorption of MB increase with temperature, whereas CV adsorption decreases. This behavior indicates changes in the equilibrium coefficient according to Van't Hoff's equation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳吸附水溶液中的Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)

采用三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳,制备新型的改性榴莲壳吸附剂,研究其对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明,吸附Cd2+、Pb2+的适宜条件为:pH 6.0,吸附时间120 min。改性后榴莲壳吸附剂对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附容量有了很大程度的提高,Cd2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分别达到39.30、53.76 mg/g。吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。     

Study on the adsorption of lanthanum ion imprinted on SBA-15/Y

The lanthanum ion imprinted polymer (La-IIP/SBA-15/Y) was successfully synthesized by the surface ion imprinting method. Using La-IIP/SBA-15/Y as the adsorbent to adsorb lanthanum ions, the overall empirical conditions were optimized, and the best exploratory conditions were finally found. The pH of the solution was 2; the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 min and the saturated adsorption capacity was 562.95 mg/g La-IIP/SBA-15/Y adsorbed gadolinium ions in the study of its adsorption process and found that it conforms to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, and the adsorption reaction is a spontaneous reaction, and it also conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The selectivity of the adsorbent was explored experimentally, and the results showed that La-IIP/SBA-15/Y has good selectivity, and experimental elution and regeneration performance. The best elution effect is 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid. La-IIP/SBA-15/Y has good stability and can be reused.     

果胶对钯的吸附及其在有机合成中的应用

以果胶为吸附剂,研究其对钯(Ⅱ)的吸附性能,探讨了溶液的pH值、吸附温度、果胶用量、吸附时间及钯(Ⅱ)溶液的初始浓度对吸附量的影响。 采用Pseudo-First-order、Pseudo-Second-order、Intraparticle、Diffusion、Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin等模型对实验数据进行线性拟合。 结果表明,果胶对钯(Ⅱ)有很强的吸附性能,吸附率高达96%以上,溶液的最佳pH值为6.5,最佳温度为50 ℃,果胶对钯的吸附量随果胶用量的增加而降低,随钯溶液初始浓度的增加而增加。 吸附动力学遵从Pseudo-Second-order模型,即以化学吸附为主;等温吸附过程符合Freundlich方程;吉布斯自由能为负值,焓变和熵变分别为3.23 kJ/mol和13.32 J/(mol·K),即该过程是自发吸热的;果胶吸附的钯作为催化剂应用到Suzuki反应中,结果表明该催化剂有较高的催化活性。     

Adsorption of chlorinated organic compounds from water with cerium oxide-activated carbon composite

Adsorptive removal of dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride from aqueous solutions at 25 °C by activated carbon (AC) that was loaded with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NP/AC) was investigated. The developed adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of contact time, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dosage were also studied. The equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were studied in a batch-type adsorption system, and the equilibrium experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed the best fit for the equilibrium adsorption data. Three adsorption kinetic models, pseudo first- and second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data. Kinetic characterization of the adsorption process onto CeO₂-NP/AC is well-described by the pseudo second-order model, and the adsorption best-fit by the intraparticle diffusion model. Our study shows that at optimum conditions, 82.72%, 99.40% and 89.42% of dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrachloride, respectively, were removed by CeO₂-NP/AC, at concentration between 0.25 and 5.00 g/L.     

网络法数字模拟电活性物种吸附体系的循环伏安曲线

使用指数扩展的网络方法对电活性物质吸附与扩散共存的电化学体系进行了模拟,包括吸附为平衡和非平衡态的情形,所得结果跟文献报道一致并有所补充。该方法具有简便、直观、灵活性强等优点。