边界积分方程—边界元法的基本理论及其在弹性力学方面的若干工程应用

本文第一部分对于直接法弹性力学边界积分方程的基本理论作了论述,全文采用内积公式以加权余量形式来建立边界积分方程.论述范围包括位势问题、弹性静力学问题和克希霍夫型平板理论的边界积分方程—边界元法.文中同时写出相应的变分格式.并讨论了非光滑边界的处理.本文第二部分简介对若干具体问题用特定的基本解进行的有关数值计算.文中介绍的研究组所获初步结果包括:迴转体的扭转、轴对称问题和弯曲问题,以及平板弯曲问题的边界积分方程—边界元法应用的具体结果.计算结果表明对于改进和扩充工程实用应力集中数据及平板计算(包括自由边界及角点问题)将是有益的.     

应力边界元法解平面弹性问题

本文提出了求解平面弹性问题的应力边界元法。简述了边界积分方程的建立,给出了常单元离散化时求系数的解析式。这种方法适用于应力边界值问题。边界积分方程中的一个边界函数就是边界点法向应力和切向应力之和,因此计算孔边应力非常方便。作为数值算例,计算了有孔无限板的孔边应力。应力边界元法也可应用于平面热弹性问题和平板弯曲问题。     

薄板稳定问题的边界元法

本文基于小挠度薄板弯曲问题的基本解,建立了求解薄板稳定问题的边界积分方程,并计算了若干算例,结果表明用边界元法求解薄板的稳定问题是行之有效的.     

热弹性薄板大挠度弯曲的BEM法

本文首先基于理性力学非线性几何场理论，建立了等效速率形式的热弹性薄板的Ｋａｒｍａｎ方程，通过将热弹性薄板大挠度弯曲问题的看成平板弯曲问题与平面大变形问题的耦合，在固定坐标系及拖带坐标系上推导出两组边界积分方程，从而建立起新的分析热性薄板大挠度弯曲问题的边界元。本文的方法较双往分析此问题的边界法在理论上更准确，合理，算例表明本文的方法理论可靠，精度良好。     

快速多极子展开技术在高阶边界元方法中的实现

高阶边界元法以较常数元方法计算精度高存储低而在工程计算中得到了广泛的应用,但由于其平方存储和计算量的本质,无法应用于大型工程问题中。本文将快速多极子方法（FMM）应用于高阶边界元中从而使其计算量和存储量分别降为O（Nlog N）和O（N）。通过无限区域中水流绕射算例的数值计算,对FMM高阶边界元法与传统高阶边界元法的运算速度和内存消耗进行了分析对比,结果表明对于大型计算问题FMM高阶边界元算法更加有效。     

平板弯曲边界元域外奇点新方法

传统的平板弯曲边界元域外奇点法要求建立二个边界积分方程才能求解。本文提出了一种改进的新方法,可以仅用一个基本的边界积分方程,而在域外建立二条虚边界进行计算,求得相当精确的结果。文中证明了这种新的改进域外奇点法与原来的传统方法是等价的,并以较多的算例证明了新方法的有效性和可靠性。     

热弹性平面问题的规则化边界积分方程

对于热弹性平面问题,过去广泛集中在直接变量边界元法研究,本文研究间接变量规则化边界元法,建立了间接变量规则化边界积分方程。和直接边界元法相比,间接法具有降低密度函数的连续性要求、位移梯度方程中的热载荷体积分具有较弱奇异性等优点。数值实施中,用精确单元描述边界几何,不连续插值函数逼近边界量。算例表明,本文方法效率高,所得数值结果与精确解相当吻合。     

电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法

依据弹性力学虚边界元法的基本思想和电磁弹性固体的基本解,提出了电磁弹性固体三维问题的虚边界元-等额配点法.该方法继承传统边界元法优点的同时,有效地避免了传统边界元法的边界积分奇异性的问题.算例表明该方法有很高的精度,是求解电磁弹性固体三维问题的一个有效的数值方法.     

正交各向异性位势问题边界元法中几乎奇异积分的解析算法

几乎奇异积分的计算困难阻碍了边界元法的工程应用。本文针对二维正交各向异性位势问题边界元法中近边界点的几乎奇异积分,采用分部积分法,导出一种直接的解析计算公式。该解析公式可以精确计算线性单元上的几乎奇异积分。对二次单元,可将其细分为几个线性元,采用该解析公式近似计算其边界积分。当内点离当前积分单元较远时,仍保持常规高斯数值积分模式;而当内点离其较近时,因常规高斯积分结果失效,则采用该解析积分取代高斯数值积分。数值算例证明了该算法的有效性和精确性。二次元计算结果比线性元计算结果更精确。     

弹性力学问题的虚边界元-配点法

本文提出虚边界方法,建立了离散化虚边界元-配点法,给出了离散化求系数的积分解析式。本文方法完全避免了边界奇异积分及其复杂耗时的运算,成功地提高了普通边界元法(以下简称边界元法)中边界附近区域内包括边界上解的精度,保留了边界元法的优点并扬弃了其弱点。边界元间接法是本文方法中的一个特例。数值算例表明,程序可靠,节省机时,计算精度较高。     

Research on establishing BEM of thin plates with Kelvin's fundamental solution

In this paper, a new approach based on Kirchhoff hypothesis of plate is proposed, by employing which the theory of BEM of linear elastostatics can be simplified to BEM of arbitrary thin elastic plate. Instead of the fundamental solution of plate, we adopt the well known Kelvin's solution. By boundary treatment, we can obtain a computational scheme with high consistency, without having to deal with the concentrate load at corner point, and make it easy to analyze the transverse coupling problem of plate. This research work also lies in founding BEM of general shells, so that the difficulty of looking for their fundamental solutions can be avoided.The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in velocity–vorticity form using a Eulerian–Lagrangian boundary element method

This paper describes the Eulerian–Lagrangian boundary element model for the solution of incompressible viscous flow problems using velocity–vorticity variables. A Eulerian–Lagrangian boundary element method (ELBEM) is proposed by the combination of the Eulerian–Lagrangian method and the boundary element method (BEM). ELBEM overcomes the limitation of the traditional BEM, which is incapable of dealing with the arbitrary velocity field in advection‐dominated flow problems. The present ELBEM model involves the solution of the vorticity transport equation for vorticity whose solenoidal vorticity components are obtained iteratively by solving velocity Poisson equations involving the velocity and vorticity components. The velocity Poisson equations are solved using a boundary integral scheme and the vorticity transport equation is solved using the ELBEM. Here the results of two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes problems with low–medium Reynolds numbers in a typical cavity flow are presented and compared with a series solution and other numerical models. The ELBEM model has been found to be feasible and satisfactory. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of BEM and optimization technique to wear problems

In this paper a new method for solving wear problems, using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is proposed. The proposed method uses a shape optimization technique for rapid calculation of the maximum wear depth and the final geometry of the bodies in contact after a specified service period. The optimization method solves the wear problem directly, without using increments of the sliding distance as in the classical methods. The BEM is used for modelling both bodies in contact, treating the problem as a multi-region problem. The material loss is presented in terms of the applied load and the sliding distance, and is modelled using a linear wear model. The proposed method is shown to be robust as it requires only few iterations to achieve a converged solution. The reduction in computational effort, as compared to the classical incremental method, becomes more significant as the sliding distance increases.     

Application of a new fast multipole BEM for simulation of 2D elastic solid with large number of inclusions

A fast multipole method (FMM) is applied for BEM to reduce both the operation and memory requirement in dealing with very large scale problems. In this paper, a new version of fast multipole BEM for 2D elastostatics is presented and used for simulation of 2D elastic solid with a large number of randomly distributed inclusions combined with a similar subregion approach. Generalized minimum residual method (GMRES) is used as an iterative solver to solve the equation system formed by BEM iteratively. The numerical results show that the scheme presented is applicable to certain large scale problems. The project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10172053) and the Ministry of Education     

Axisymmetric viscoplastic deformation by the boundary element method

This paper presents a boundary element formulation and numerical implementation of the problem of small axisymmetric deformation of viscoplastic bodies. While the extension from planar to axisymmetric problems can be carried out fairly simply for the finite element method (FEM), this is far from true for the boundary element method (BEM). The primary reason for this fact is that the axisymmetric kernels in the integral equations of the BEM contain elliptic functions which cannot be integrated analytically even over boundary elements and internal cells of simple shape. Thus, special methods have to be developed for the efficient and accurate numerical integration of these singular and sensitive kernels over discrete elements. The accurate determination of stress rates by differentiation of the displacement rates presents another formidable challenge.A successful numerical implementation of the boundary element method with elementwise (called the Mixed approach) or pointwise (called the pure BEM or BEM approach) determination of stress rates has been carried out. A computer program has been developed for the solution of general axisymmetric viscoplasticity problems. Comparisons of numerical results from the BEM and FEM, for several illustrative problems, are presented and discussed in the paper. It is possible to get direct solutions for the simpler class of problems for cylinders of uniform cross-section, and these solutions are also compared with the BEM and FEM results for such cases.     

大规模边界元模态分析的高效数值方法

随着大规模快速边界元计算技术的发展,在复杂结构的动态设计、振动与噪声分析中愈来愈多地采用边界元法,因此求解大规模边界元特征值问题、进行复杂结构和声场模态分析,成为工程应用中一个十分重要,但却极具挑战性的课题,目前国际上还没有十分有效的数值方法.本文针对边界元法中典型的非线性特征值问题,提出了一种通用、高效的数值解法,称为基于预解矩阵采样的Rayleigh-Ritz投影法,记为RSRR.首先,通过求解一系列频域边界元问题来构造特征向量搜索空间,进而可以采用Rayleigh-Ritz投影,将原问题转化为一个可以采用现有方法求解的小规模缩减特征值问题;其次,为了降低Rayleigh-Ritz投影过程的计算量,基于解析函数的Cauchy积分公式,构造了边界元系数矩阵的插值近似方法,以及缩减特征值问题系数矩阵的快速计算方法,给出了插值项数的估计策略;最后,将RSRR与声学快速边界元法结合,应用于大规模吸声结构的复模态分析.数值算例表明,RSRR方法能够可靠地求出给定频段内的全部特征值和特征向量,具有计算效率高、精度高、通用等优点.     

Topology optimization of 3D structures with design-dependent loads

Topology optimization of continuum structures with design-dependent loads has long been a challenge. In this paper, the topology optimization of 3D structures subjected to design-dependent loads is investigated. A boundary search scheme is proposed for 3D problems, by means of which the load surface can be identified effectively and efficiently, and the difficulties arising in other approaches can be overcome. The load surfaces are made up of the boundaries of finite elements and the loads can be directly applied to corresponding element nodes, which leads to great convenience in the application of this method. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is validated by several numerical examples.     

基于球面细分法的高效高精度近奇异积分计算

精确高效地计算近奇异积分,对边界元法的成功实施至关重要,也是边界元法在实际工程计算中面临的主要障碍之一。论文提出了一种基于球面细分技术的近奇异积分计算方法,可以精确计算任意基本解类型、任意单元形状和任意源点位置的近奇异积分。该方法首先通过计算源点到单元的最近最远距离,来确定球面细分的初始半径和终止半径;然后通过一系列半径呈指数级增长的球面来分割积分单元,得到一系列三角形和四边形子单元;最后把细分后得到的子单元变成弧形状,即三角形和四边形子单元分别变成扇形和环形子单元。由于球面细分是直接在三维笛卡尔坐标系下进行的,所以它适用于任何类型的单元。此外,由于基本解主要是源点到场点距离的函数,因此在同等精度下,近奇异积分在子单元的环向上所需要的高斯积分点数将大大减少。在径向方向上,由于球半径系列呈指数级变化,各个子块可以做到等精度高斯积分。数值算例表明,与传统近奇异积分计算方法相比,论文提出的方法更加稳定,精度更高。     

Numerical investigation of ice breaking by a high-pressure bubble based on a coupled BEM-PD model

In this paper, by combining the boundary element method (BEM) and peridynamics (PD), a bubble-ice interaction model is established, which can investigate the dynamic interactions between a high-pressure bubble and an ice plate with particular focus on the mechanical behaviors of ice breaking. The bubble dynamics are solved by BEM based on the potential flow theory. Ice cracks initiation and propagation are simulated by the bond-based peridynamics which is validated by a three-point bending test. The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is achieved by matching the normal velocity and hydrodynamic loads at the fluid–structure interface. To validate the proposed FSI model, an experiment is carried out in which an oscillating bubble is generated under an ice plate by underwater discharge system. The whole interaction process is captured by a Phantom V711 high-speed camera. Qualitative agreements are achieved between the numerical and experimental results. The underlying mechanism of cracks initiation, propagation, branching, and coalescence of the ice plate is found to highly depend on three parameters, i.e., bubble–ice distance, ice thickness and bubble size. The present study is expected to provide further assists in the understanding of ice breaking problems.     

基于最佳质量网格的薄板问题的非协调流形方法

对于大部分非协调板单元,使用规则网格能得到很好的效果。但是,当网格不规则时,非协调元的数值特性将变得很差,甚至收敛性得不到保证。为解决网格依赖性问题,许多专家学者提出了改造单元,如拟协调元法和广义协调元法,这些方法能解决收敛性问题,但是数值实践证明没有一种单元能在所有情况下都具有良好的数值特性。考虑到流形方法采用两套完全独立的覆盖系统,可以用规则的数学网格来作为数学覆盖进行插值,取得最佳的插值效果,单元收敛性便能得到保证。再结合适用于流形方法的变分提法,建立起流形方法处理非规则物理边界非协调板单元的一般格式。以ACM薄板单元为例,与ANSYS、拟协调元法和广义协调元法进行了对比,证明本文方法在处理具有曲线边界的薄板弯曲问题时具有收敛快和精度高等优势。