Reaction of methyl acrylate with titanium tetrachloride during the condensation of the vapors on a cold surface

Complex formation between methyl acrylate and titanium tetrachloride during the condensation of the vapors of the reactants on a copper surface cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature has been studied by IR spectroscopy. It has been established that the mole fraction of reactants entering into reaction depends on the rate of deposition and has an extremal nature. A formal kinetic model is proposed which represents the relationship obtained in the study between the substances participating in complex formation and the rate of condensation of the mixture.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22. No. 6, pp. 673–679, November–December, 1986.     

Composite photocalysts based on the nanostructural titanium dioxide and zirconium phosphate

A series of composite photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide deposited on the surface of a zirconium phosphate support were synthesized under different synthesis and heat-treatment conditions. The study of the photodestruction kinetics of Rhodamine C showed that the synthesized composites possess high photocatalytic activity that is competitive with the activity of a commercial Hombikat UV100 photocatalyst. The composites based on zirconium phosphate treated with isopropanol at the precipitation stage whereupon heated at 550°C exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity after heating at 750°C. It was found that such zirconium phosphate support has the largest specific surface area (270 m²/g). After heating at 550°C, the surface becomes more stable to the subsequent heating to 750°C, which is necessary for the most complete crystallization of TiO₂ ensuring its high photocatalytic characteristics.     

Electrization of nanocrystals in flows of supersaturated vapors

It is found that nano- and microcrystals of a number of compounds grown in ion-free vapor of high supersaturation acquire electric charge. The electrophoretic mobility of these crystals changes, as is demonstrated by the data concerning aerosols formed in cooling the vapor above boiling melts of a number of substances (boiling temperature, 500?C1800 K) placed into a 300 K carrier gas. Nano- and microparticles assembled into aggregates are found in flows of the cooled vapor. It is found that the application of an electric field with an intensity of 150?C1000 V/cm induces the movement of particles toward the negatively charged electrode at a rate of 5?C15 cm/s, the speed of their movement being related linearly to the field intensity and corresponding to the presence of ??10³ charge carriers per every particle. It is established that the experimental data are in accordance with the assumption that the growth of each particle results in the decomposition of vapor molecules adsorbed by the particle into ions with the nonequivalent liberation of cations and anions into vapor; i.e., an adsorption-ionization-desorption route for the charging of growing particles is discovered.     

Fluorometric determination of nonylphenol in water samples enriched with zirconium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes solid phase extraction

This paper developed a fluorometric method for the sensitive determination of nonylphenol in water samples by preconcentration with zirconium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes solid phase extraction.The parameters on extraction that would influence the enrichment performance such as the kind and volume of eluent,sample pH,sample flow rate,and sample volume were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided an excellent linear range of 1-150 mg/L and good LOD of 0.076 mg/L.The relative standard deviation(RSD,n = 6) was 2.8%.Proposed method was also used for the analysis of real water samples and the spiked recoveries were satisfied in the range of 98.7-103%.     

Oxide layers with titanium and zirconium phosphates

Oxide-phosphate layers 20 to 150 μm thick were obtained on titanium by plasma electrolytic deposition in individual and mixed aqueous electrolytes with polyphosphate complexes of zirconium(IV), barium(II), and copper(II). Formation features, thickness, elemental and phase compositions, and surface morphology of the films are presented. Depending on the electrolyte composition, synthesis conditions, and temperature of annealing in air, some simple and double phosphates of titanium and zirconium are formed, including ZrP₂O₇, NaTi₂(PO₄)₃, BaTi₂(P₂O₇)₂, Zr_0.2Ti_0.8P₂O₇, and CuTi₂(PO₄)₃.     

The reaction of chlorine monofluoride with selenium dioxide,tetrachloride and sulphur tetrachloride

Chlorine monofluoride reacts with SCl₄ and SeCl₄ to give the corresponding tetrafluorides, with SeO₂ it yields SeOF₂ and with excess ClF, SeF₄. The behaviour of the tetrafluorides, tetrachlorides, dioxides, and oxydifluorides of sulphur, selenium and tellurium with ClF are compared.     

Water state in nanocrystals of zirconium dioxide prepared under hydrothermal conditions and its influence on structural transformations

The state of water in the nanocrystals of zirconium dioxide prepared via hydrothermal synthesis has been studied. Water molecules are localized at the nanoparticles surface as well as in the crystal structure of tetragonal modification of zirconia. The effect of water elimination on the structural transformations in the nanocrystals has been analyzed. Stabilization of tetragonal modification of zirconia at the lower temperature range is related to the presence of water in the nanocrystals.     

Interaction of dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites with carbon tetrachloride

Conclusions In the interaction of dialkyl trimethylsilyl phosphites with carbon tetrachloride, the products that are formed are a dialkyl chlorophosphate, a dialkyl trichloromethylphosphonate, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethyltrichloromethylsilane, dimethylmethylenesilane, and chloroform.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1830–1832, August, 1984.     

A simple preparation of nitrogen doped titanium dioxide nanocrystals with exposed (001) facets with high visible light activity

Nanoscaled nitrogen doped anatase TiO(2) with dominant (001) facets, which exhibited high photocatalytic activity and excellent photoelectrochemical properties under visible light irradiation, was successfully synthesized by solvothermal treatment of TiN in acidic NaBF(4) solution for the first time.     

Reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with pivalic acid in organic solvents under heating

Reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with pivalic acid in benzene, toluene, m- and o-xylene, and in excess pivalic acid at the boiling temperature of a solvent were studied. The product of reactions in aromatic solvents was found to have the composition corresponding to the formula Zr₂O(Piv)₆. The reaction in excess pivalic acid resulted in the formation of the compound Zr(Piv)₄. The reaction products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and their physicochemical properties were compared with those of zirconium tetrapivalate synthesized by a mechanically activated solid-phase reaction between ZrCl₄ and sodium pivalate.     

Interaction of magnetic cobalt based titanium dioxide nanofibers with muscle cells: in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

Titanium dioxide and magnetic cobalt based materials are one of the most attractive materials for investigation due to their dramatic photocatalytic, optical, biomedical, magnetic and electrical applications. However, there is limited or no information about the possible impact of cobalt based titanium dioxide (Co-doped TiO₂) nanofibers on muscle cells. This study focuses on the interaction of magnetic cobalt based titanium dioxide nanofibers with C2C12 cell line. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were used to evaluate the beneficial/or toxicological effects of Co-doped TiO₂ on cells. The effects of Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers on the morphology, cytotoxicity and adhesion ability of C2C12 cells, as well as on the cell death were evaluated. To examine the in vitro cytotoxicity, mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were treated with different concentrations of synthesized Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers and the viability of cells was analyzed by cell counting Kit-8 assay at regular time intervals. The morphological features of the cells were examined by microscopy and cell attachment with nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy respectively. Experiments indicate that the mouse myoblast cells could attach to the nanofibers after being cultured. Cell viability was determined as a function of incubation time; with increasing concentration of Co-doped TiO₂, the cell viability decreased. Thus from the obtained results it was concluded that Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers could support cell adhesion and growth of myoblast cells, however the cell compatibility decreases with high doses and after sustained exposure.     

Reactions of titanium dioxide with metal fluorides

TiO₂ with several condensed-phase metal fluorides at elevated temperatures to form TiF₄ and the metal oxide. Known mixed titanium metal oxides are usually observed as intermediates. FeOF is an intermediate from the system FeF₃ + TiO₂. With CaF₂ and BaF₂, the reaction did not proceed beyond the intermediates CaTiO₃ and BaTiO₃. Reactions usually start at approximately the temperatures predicted from thermochemical data.     

Olefin polymerization with titanium tetrachloride catalysts supported on surface-modified silica

After modification of silica with benzoyl chloride (BC) to obtain BC-modified SiO₂ (BC-SiO₂), BC-SiO₂/TiCl₄ and BC-SiO₂/BEM/TiCl₄ catalysts were prepared by treating the BC-SiO₂ with TiCl₄ directly or with butylethylmagnesium (BEM) followed by TiCl₄, respectively. During the modification, BC reacts with hydroxyl groups of silica. In this way the corresponding ester is anchored on the silica surface and the CO group is coordinated with Ti and/or Mg. In addition, BEM is converted to MgCl₂ in the reaction with TiCl₄. These catalysts have reasonable activities for ethylene or propene polymerization.